Bulgarian parliamentary election, 2013

Last updated
Bulgarian parliamentary election, 2013
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←  2009 12 May 2013 (2013-05-12) 2014  →
Turnout 51.3%

PartyLeader%Seats±
GERB Boyko Borisov 30.597-20
KB Sergei Stanishev 26.684+44
DPS Lyutvi Mestan 11.336-1
ATAKA Volen Siderov 7.323+2
This lists parties that won seats. See the complete results below.

BG Parliamentary 2013 pie EN.png

Results by constituency
Prime Minister beforePrime Minister after
Marin Raykov Bulgarian Acting PM 2013.jpg Marin Raykov
Independent 		Plamen Oresharski
BSP 		Plamen Oresharski.jpg
Bulgaria
Coat of arms of Bulgaria.svg
This article is part of a series on the
politics and government of
Bulgaria

Parliamentary elections were held in Bulgaria on 12 May 2013, two months ahead of schedule. [1] Protests had forced the resignation of the GERB government in February, leading to the election being moved up. [2]

Bulgaria country in Southeast Europe

Bulgaria, officially the Republic of Bulgaria, is a country in Southeast Europe. It is bordered by Romania to the north, Serbia and North Macedonia to the west, Greece and Turkey to the south, and the Black Sea to the east. The capital and largest city is Sofia; other major cities are Plovdiv, Varna and Burgas. With a territory of 110,994 square kilometres (42,855 sq mi), Bulgaria is Europe's 16th-largest country.

2013 Bulgarian protests against the first Borisov cabinet political protests held in Bulgaria

The 2013 Bulgarian protests against the first Borisov cabinet were civil demonstrations against high electricity and hot water bills resulting from monopolism in the sphere that began in Blagoevgrad on 28 January 2013, subsequently spread to over 30 cities in Bulgaria and ended with the resignation of Boyko Borisov government on 20 February 2013. They were caused by abnormally high electricity bills, but later turned into a mass non-partisan movement against the government and the political system. The events were marked by seven self-immolations, spontaneous demonstrations and a strong sentiment against political parties.

GERB political party

GERB is a conservative, populist Bulgarian political party established on 13 March 2006. The initials of the party герб/gerb also translate as "coat of arms" in Bulgarian. It is Bulgaria's second-largest party by membership.

Contents

The elections resulted in a minority parliament, with no party winning a majority of seats. Furthermore, voter turnout was at its lowest since the end of the Communist era. [3] For the first time since the return to democracy in 1990, a political party (GERB) won two elections in a row. Despite emerging victorious, GERB's leader, Boyko Borisov, called for the election results to be annulled, claiming that there had been "illegal campaigning" on the day before the election. [4]

Voter turnout percentage of eligible voters who cast a ballot in an election

Voter turnout is the percentage of eligible voters who cast a ballot in an election. Eligibility varies by country, and the voting-eligible population should not be confused with the total adult population. Age and citizenship status are often among the criteria used to determine eligibility, but some countries further restrict eligibility based on sex, race, or religion.

Boyko Borisov Bulgarian politician

Boyko Metodiev Borisov is a Bulgarian politician who has been serving as the 50th Prime Minister of Bulgaria since 4 May 2017. He had previously held the post of Prime Minister on two separate occasions, from 2009 until 2013 and from 2014 until January 2017. He was also the Mayor of Sofia from 2005 to 2009.

Background

High electricity prices and poverty ignited mass protests in February 2013, eventually leading to the resignation of the GERB government and early elections. [5] The elections were originally scheduled to be held in July, but had to be brought forward. The government resigned the day after clashes between the police and protesters led to bloodshed and a number of civilians being badly injured. А caretaker government was appointed on 13 March 2013 by President Rosen Plevneliev to serve until the elections. On 28 February, Plevneliev announced the earliest possible date for the election would be 12 May. [6]

Rosen Plevneliev President of Bulgaria

Rosen Asenov Plevneliev is a Bulgarian politician who was the 4th President of Bulgaria from January 2012 to January 2017. He was the Minister of Regional Development and Public Works from July 2009 to September 2011 as part of the cabinet of Boyko Borisov. In October 2011, Plevneliev was elected as President in a second round of voting; he was inaugurated on 18 January 2012.

Electoral system

The 240 members of the National Assembly were elected by closed-list proportional representation in 31 multi-member constituencies. [7] Parties had to receive at least 4% of the national vote to win any of the proportional seats, which were distributed using the largest remainder method. [8]

National Assembly (Bulgaria) parliament of Bulgaria

The National Assembly is the unicameral parliament and legislative body of the Republic of Bulgaria.

Proportional representation (PR) characterizes electoral systems in which divisions in an electorate are reflected proportionately in the elected body. If n% of the electorate support a particular political party, then roughly n% of seats will be won by that party. The essence of such systems is that all votes contribute to the result - not just a plurality, or a bare majority. The most prevalent forms of proportional representation all require the use of multiple-member voting districts, as it is not possible to fill a single seat in a proportional manner. In fact, the implementations of PR that achieve the highest levels of proportionality tend to include districts with large numbers of seats.

The largest remainder method is one way of allocating seats proportionally for representative assemblies with party list voting systems. It contrasts with various divisor methods.

Parties that failed to pass the 4% threshold, but received more than 1% of the national vote were to be allocated annual state subsidies to the amount of 12 leva (€6) per vote received. [9]

Bulgarian lev currency

The lev is the currency of Bulgaria. It is divided in 100 stotinki. In archaic Bulgarian the word "lev" meant "lion", a word which in the modern language became lăv. Stotinka comes from the word "sto" (сто) - a hundred.

Campaign

As a result of the protests over electricity prices, the distribution license for Czech utility company ČEZ was revoked. President Rosen Plevneliev told parliament: "I believe that the necessary key changes in the laws should be decided by a new parliament. The decision is to hold elections." [6]

ČEZ Group Czech utility company

ČEZ Group is a conglomerate of 96 companies, 72 of them in the Czech Republic. Its core business is the generation, distribution, trade in, and sales of electricity and heat, trade in and sales of natural gas, and coal extraction. ČEZ Group operates also in Bulgaria, Germany, Hungary, Poland, Romania, Slovakia and Turkey. ČEZ, a.s. is listed on Prague Stock Exchange and Warsaw Stock Exchange.

Former European Commissioner Meglena Kuneva broke from the National Movement for Stability and Progress, formed around Simeon Saxe-Coburg-Gotha. She claimed her new party would have significant support even though opinion polls indicated otherwise. She also indicated that it was likely her civil society organisation, Movement "Bulgaria of the Citizens", would become a party as it was "the only way to participate in elections." Rumours suggested she could be a coalition partner to GERB, but she played down such suggestions. In the Socialist party there was infighting over whether Sergei Stanishev or Georgi Parvanov would lead the party. [10]

Several of the parties were newly formed by citizens, resulting from the public discontent from the 2013 Bulgarian protests and the months leading up to them. One such party is People's Voice, formed by Hipodil frontman Svetlio Vitkov. [11] Others were led by citizens using the ticket of parties which were already in existence, as they had not managed to fulfill the strict registration requirements in the two months between the government's resignation and the elections – one such party is the Democratic Citizens' Initiative. [12] In all cases, the citizens' parties still needed to collect the 7,000 signatures necessary for participating in the elections. [13]

Controversy

Al Jazeera reported voter apathy due to scandals and disappointment with politicians. During the campaign there were also allegations of fraud and an illegal wiretapping scandal. The day before the election, a printing press in Kostinbrod was raided and 350,000 alleged illegally printed ballots were recovered. BSP leader Sergey Stanishev said that this was preparation for fraud with 10 percent of the electoral turnout being falsified for about 25 constituencies. He said: "This is a scandal unseen in Bulgaria so far." There was also allegations of illegal wiretapping of politicians. Prosecutors suggested former Interior Minister Tsvetan Tsvetanov was responsible with media revealing Borisov's alleged summons of Sofia's chief prosecutor to discuss details of the bribery probe. The OSCE's monitoring delegation member Eoghan Murphy said of the fraudulent ballot papers: "It's not for us to investigate these matters. It is for the Bulgarian authorities, but we will be interested in their assessment of the situation and how they deal with the matter as reported." [14] In their post-election press-conferences and press interviews, many of the parties stated that the vote should be invalidated because of the so-called "ballot-gate".

The revelation of the illegal ballots was made on the day before the election, designated "day for thought", when no political campaigning is allowed. Most of the major parties held press conferences immediately after the revelation, after which the Prosecutor's office made a formal announcement on the matter. [15] The Prosecution was then accused by GERB that their announcement "cost them 5-6% of the vote", [16] and four days later, in their first press conference since election night, Borisov stated that he will officially ask for an invalidation of the vote. [17]

Opinion polls

PollsterDate GERB BSP DPS Ataka DSB SDS DBG Ref
NCIOM10 May3425139 [18]
Skala10 May26.826.411.59.24.03.15.4 [19]
Mediana10 May32.031.511.68.0~4 [20]
Gallup BBSS10 May29-3528-3210-127-93-5 [21]
Alfa Research9 May3328107.52.724 [22]
Afis8 May21.819.56.05.83.4 [23]
MBMD29 April28.318.75.25.2~24.1 [24]
NCIOM28 April23.617.76.04.93.0 [25]
Mediana25 April23.321.46.25.52.10.94.5 [26]
CAM24 April24.118.26.14.81.21.04.4 [27]
Afis19 April24.018.95.05.41.10.73.1 [28]
NCIOM19 April23.917.56.25.22.00.73.1 [29]
Alfa Research18 April22.516.94.84.91.80.62.9 [30]
Gallup BBSS17 April22.819.94.95.71.21.23.9 [31]
Mediana12 April26.423.75.86.22.41.84.5 [32]
NCIOM4 April24.417.56.55.02.00.73.5 [33]
MBMD2 April30.115.65.04.42.7 [34]
Skala2 April25.320.214.09.96.0 [35]
Modern Politics2 April24.820.65.64.93.60.74.3 [36]
Alfa Research1 April21.917.44.85.51.80.63.9 [37]
Sova Harris23 March19.018.75.25.00.70.71.6 [38]
Mediana17 March21.320.47.94.31.51.45.1 [39]
Gallup BBSS15 March19.718.65.25.00.70.73.0 [40]
Modern Politics8 March24.120.34.63.62.11.12.7 [41]
Mediana15 February19.322.56.83.61.41.65.9 [42] [43] [44]
Gallup BBSS14 February22.622.17.31.21.30.94.8 [45] [46]
Last election5 July 200939.717.714.09.46.8—

Results

There were 6.9 million eligible voters. Voting ended at 21:00. There were also over 250 international electoral monitors. [14] Turnout was 51.3%. Four parties passed the electoral threshold, winning seats in parliament. These four parties account for only 75.76% of all valid ballots cast.

Distribution of votes by constituency BG Parliamentary 2013 pie EN.png
Distribution of votes by constituency
Distribution of seats by constituency BG Parliamentary 2013 grid.png
Distribution of seats by constituency
Distribution of seats in the National Assembly of the 2013 election. Bulgaria National Assembly2011.svg
Distribution of seats in the National Assembly of the 2013 election.
PartyVotes%Seats+/−
GERB 1,081,60530.5497−20
Coalition for Bulgaria 942,54126.6184+44
Movement for Rights and Freedoms 400,46611.3136−1
Attack 258,4817.3023+2
National Front for the Salvation of Bulgaria 131,1693.700New
Bulgaria for Citizens Movement 115,1903.250New
Democrats for a Strong Bulgaria 103,6382.930−5
IMRO – Bulgarian National Movement 66,8031.890New
Lider 61,4821.7400
Order, Law and Justice 59,1451.670−10
Center–Freedom and Dignity57,6111.630New
Union of Democratic Forces 48,6811.380−9
People's Voice 47,4191.340New
The Greens 26,5200.7500
New Alternative18,2670.520New
Proud Bulgaria 16,1260.460New
Democratic Civil Initiative15,4820.440New
Civil List–Modern Bulgaria14,3520.410New
Liberal Alliance8,8730.250New
Bulgarian Agrarian National Union 7,7150.2200
Party of Bulgarian Women6,5450.190New
Bulgarian Left 5,9240.1700
Union of Communists in Bulgaria 6,1680.170New
United People's Party6,1430.170New
Bulgarian Spring4,0970.120New
Christian Party of Bulgaria3,7220.110New
Middle European3,5390.100New
National Democratic Party3,4450.100New
Democratic Alternative for National Unification3,4140.100New
National Patriotic Unity3,2390.090New
Democratic Party 3,1600.090New
The Other Bulgaria 2,4970.0700
Cause Bulgaria2,2340.070New
National Unity Movement1,7860.050New
Christian Social Union1,6870.050New
Social Democrat Party1,3000.0400
Invalid/blank votes90,047–––
Total3,541,7451002400
Registered voters6,919,26051.33––
Source: Central Electoral Commission

Reactions

The election was noted for its low voter turnout. After voting finished, about 50 protesters congregated outside the election centre at the Palace of Culture in Sofia demanding GERB not be given a chance to form a new government. The protesters chanted "mafia" and were involved in brief scuffles with the police. [47] Sergei Stanishev, leader of the second-place Bulgarian Socialist Party, dismissed GERB's chances of forming a government and expressed willingness to negotiate with the other two parties. GERB set a precedent by not holding the traditional post-election press conference for elected parties, and they stayed out of the media for four days until the finalized results came out on Thursday. [48]

Government formation

On 24 May, Borisov returned the president's mandate to try and form a government. President Rosen Plevneliev then invited the BSP to form a government. Reuters speculated that the BSP and the DPS will put together a cabinet of non-partisan specialists. That will be approved if some of Attack's 23 MPs boycott the vote, as they did for the election of the new speaker, Mihail Mikov. [49] Former Finance Minister Plamen Oresharski was nominated for the post of prime minister by the BSP and, after a meeting with the Movement for Rights and Freedoms, [50] was appointed on 29 May. [51] About his new cabinet, Oresharski said: "I have always been skeptical towards the division between leftists and rightists. There are some situations in which the most important thing is a rational and pragmatic approach. The main criterion for the composition of the cabinet is expertise." [50]

See also

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References

  1. ↑ Bulgaria Elections 2013 ftp Headlines, 24 March 2013.
  2. ↑ "Q&A: Bulgaria's parliamentary elections". BBC. 2013-05-08. Retrieved 2013-05-13.
  3. ↑ Uncertainty reigns after Bulgarian election stalemate Euronews, 13 May 2013
  4. ↑ Opposition, derision for Borissov’s call to annul May 12 elections Sofia Globe, 16 May 2013
  5. ↑ Cage, Sam. "Bulgarian government resigns amid growing protests". Reuters. Retrieved 2013-02-20.
  6. 1 2 "Bulgaria president calls May election after protests". Reuters. Retrieved 2013-05-11.
  7. ↑ Election Profile IFES
  8. ↑ Electoral system IPU
  9. ↑ 9 Parties Win State Subsidies in Bulgaria's General Elections Novinite, 13 May 2013
  10. ↑ Clive Leviev-Sawyer (2012-03-13). "The long, long road to Bulgaria's 2013 parliamentary elections - Opinion". The Sofia Echo. Retrieved 2013-05-11.
  11. ↑ Svetlio Vitkov with the "People's Voice" Party, WebCafe, 6 Oct 2012. Retrieved May 2013.
  12. ↑ The Protest With Its Own Party, OffNews, 22 Mar 2013. Retrieved May 2013.
  13. ↑ 71 parties want to participate in the upcoming parliamentary elections, Dnevnik, 27 mar 2013. Retrieved May 2013.
  14. 1 2 Deadlock feared after Bulgaria elections
  15. ↑ On the Media Announcements about Kostinbrod, Prosecution of the Republic of Bulgaria, 11 May 2013. Retrieved 17 May 2013.
  16. ↑ Borisov Accuses Prosecutor for Lost Votes, Dir.bg, 14 May 2013. Retrieved 17 May 2013.
  17. ↑ GERB to ask for Invalidation and New Elections, Kapital, 16 may 2013. Retrieved 17 May 2013.
  18. ↑ "НЦИОМ: ГЕРБ с 9% преднина пред БСП". Блиц. 2013-05-10. Retrieved 2013-05-10.
  19. ↑ "Скала: ГЕРБ и БСП изравниха, шест партии в парламента". Отблизо. 2013-05-10. Retrieved 2013-05-10.
  20. ↑ ""Галъп": Паритет между ГЕРБ и БСП, "Медиана": основните политически опоненти са наравно". Dnevnik. 2013-05-10. Retrieved 2013-05-10.
  21. ↑ ""Галъп": Паритет между ГЕРБ и БСП, "Медиана": основните политически опоненти са наравно". Dnevnik. 2013-05-10. Retrieved 2013-05-10.
  22. ↑ ""Алфа Рисърч": Четири партии влизат в парламента, една е почти сигурна". Dnevnik. 2013-05-09. Retrieved 2013-05-09.
  23. ↑ ""Афис": Кампанията възкреси РЗС, поне пет партии влизат в парламента". Dnevnik. 2013-05-08. Retrieved 2013-05-08.
  24. ↑ "Борисов вкарва 108 депутати в следващото НС, изчисли МБМД". dnes.bg. 2013-04-29. Retrieved 2013-04-29.
  25. ↑ "НЦИОМ: ГЕРБ - 23,6%, БСП - 17,7%, 22% се колебаят". 24 часа. 2013-04-28. Retrieved 2013-04-28.
  26. ↑ "Разликата между ГЕРБ и БСП се топи". Труд. 2013-04-25. Retrieved 2013-04-26.
  27. ↑ "New Poll Gives GERB 6% Lead over Bulgaria's Socialists". 2013-04-24. Retrieved 2013-04-25.
  28. ↑ ""Афис": ГЕРБ е изчерпала потенциала си, БСП има накъде да расте до изборите". в. Дневник. 2013-04-19. Retrieved 2013-04-19.
  29. ↑ "НЦИОМ: ГЕРБ запазва преднината си пред БСП". в. Труд. 2013-04-19. Retrieved 2013-04-19.
  30. ↑ ""Алфа Рисърч": ГЕРБ запазва преднината пред БСП, избирателната активност расте". dnevnik.bg. 2013-04-18. Retrieved 2013-04-18.
  31. ↑ "Шансовете на ГЕРБ и БСП остават „на кантар"". Преса. 2013-04-17. Retrieved 2013-04-17.
  32. ↑ "ГЕРБ срещу БСП с преднина 2,7%". Труд. 2013-04-11. Retrieved 2013-04-12.
  33. ↑ "НЦИОМ: ГЕРБ - 24,4%, БСП - 17,5%". в. Труд. 2013-04-04. Retrieved 2013-04-04.
  34. ↑ "МБМД огласи официално „онова" изследване". komentator.bg. 2013-04-02. Retrieved 2013-04-02.
  35. ↑ "ГЕРБ 25,3%, БСП 20,2". ПИК. 2013-04-02. Retrieved 2013-04-02.
  36. ↑ "Обществени нагласи през месец март". Институт за модерна политика. 2013-04-02. Retrieved 2013-04-02.
  37. ↑ ""Алфа Рисърч": Ако изборите бяха днес - ГЕРБ, БСП, ДПС, "Атака" и "България на гражданите" влизат в парламента". dnevnik.bg. 2013-04-01. Retrieved 2013-04-01.
  38. ↑ "СДС и ДСБ са под чертата на изборите - Меглена Кунева също е аут, "Атака" върви нагоре". blitz.bg. 2013-03-23. Retrieved 2013-03-27.
  39. ↑ "Отново ли "ГЕРБ на власт"?". Труд. 2013-03-18. Retrieved 2013-03-18.
  40. ↑ "Кунева губи, печели Волен". Преса. 2013-03-16. Retrieved 2013-03-18.
  41. ↑ "Обществени нагласи по време на криза". Институт за модерна политика. 2013-03-08. Retrieved 2013-03-18.
  42. ↑ "Bulgaria: Bulgarian Ruling Party Would Lose Elections". Novinite.com. 2013-02-15. Retrieved 2013-02-20.
  43. ↑ ""Медиана": БСП изпреварва ГЕРБ". Труд. 2013-02-15. Retrieved 2013-02-22.
  44. ↑ ""Медиана": БСП изпреварва ГЕРБ". 24 часа. 2013-02-15. Retrieved 2013-02-22.
  45. 1 2 "Според "Галъп" - по равно, "Медиана" даде предимство на БСП". frognews.com. 2013-02-15. Retrieved 2013-02-20.
  46. ↑ "Кунева губи, печели Волен". Преса. 2013-03-16. Retrieved 2013-02-22.
  47. ↑ "Bulgaria election fails to end political stalemate". BBC News Europe. BBC. Retrieved 12 March 2014.
  48. ↑ Borisov stays quiet, Stanishev Speaks (in Bulgarian), Deutsche Welle, 13 May 2013.
  49. ↑ http://uk.reuters.com/article/2013/05/23/uk-bulgaria-vote-idUKBRE94M0EA20130523
  50. 1 2 "PM Hopeful: New Bulgarian Cabinet Will Be 'Expert, Pragmatic'". Novinite.com. Sofia News Agency. Retrieved 12 March 2014.
  51. ↑ Buckley, Neil (2013-05-29). "Bulgaria parliament votes for a 'Mario Monti' to lead government". FT.com. Retrieved 2013-06-04.
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