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The Marasmiaceae are a family of fungi in the order Agaricales. Basidiocarps are most frequently agarics, but occasionally cyphelloid. According to a 2008 estimate, the family contained 54 genera and 1590 species, but molecular research, based on cladistic analysis of DNA sequences, has led to a more restricted family concept, so that the Marasmiaceae included just 13 genera, and some 1205 species. It was reduced further down in 2020, to 10 genera and about 700 species.
Collybia is a genus of mushrooms in the family Tricholomataceae. The genus has a widespread but rare distribution in northern temperate areas, and contains three species that grow on the decomposing remains of other mushrooms.
Limnoperdon is a fungal genus in the monotypic family Limnoperdaceae. The genus is also monotypic, as it contains a single species, the aquatic fungus Limnoperdon incarnatum. The species, described as new to science in 1976, produces fruit bodies that lack specialized structures such as a stem, cap and gills common in mushrooms. Rather, the fruit bodies—described as aquatic or floating puffballs—are small balls of loosely interwoven hyphae. The balls float on the surface of the water above submerged twigs. Experimental observations on the development of the fruit body, based on the growth on the fungus in pure culture, suggest that a thin strand of mycelium tethers the ball above water while it matures. Fruit bodies start out as a tuft of hyphae, then become cup-shaped, and eventually enclose around a single chamber that contains reddish spores. Initially discovered in a marsh in the state of Washington, the fungus has since been collected in Japan, South Africa, and Canada.
Palaeocephala is a genus of fungi. This is a monotypic genus, containing the single species Palaeocephala cymatelloides, described by Rolf Singer in 1962. According to the Dictionary of the Fungi, the genus is classified in either the Marasmiaceae or Physalacriaceae families; the taxonomical database MycoBank includes it in the Marasmiaceae.
Calyptella is a genus of Cyphelloid fungi in the family Marasmiaceae. The genus has a widespread distribution and contains 20 species.
Cymatellopsis is a genus of fungus in the mushroom family Marasmiaceae. This is a monotypic genus, containing the single species Cymatellopsis ilmiana, found in east Africa.
Gloiocephala is a genus of fungi in the family Physalacriaceae. The genus is widespread, though mainly known from tropical and sub-tropical areas, and contains about 30 species.
Gymnopus is a genus of fungus in the family Omphalotaceae. The genus has a widespread, cosmopolitan distribution and contains about 300 species.
Hydropus is a genus of fungi in the family Marasmiaceae. The widespread genus contains about 100 species, especially in tropical areas, but is not well represented in temperate regions. About 15 taxa are found in Europe; H. floccipus has the widest distribution in western Europe. Hydropus was circumscribed by Rolf Singer in 1948. Species in the genus have fruit bodies with caps that are mycenoid, collybioid, or omphaloid in form. Most species occur in tropical and subtropical regions, where they grow as saprobes on rotting wood, forest litter, and mosses. Generally, most Hydropus species are rare, and several are known only from the type collection, including H. conicus, H. moserianus, H. nitens, and H. paradoxus.
Lactocollybia is a genus of agaric fungi in the family Marasmiaceae. The widespread genus contains 17 species, many of which are found in tropical areas.
Lecanocybe is a genus of fungus in the mushroom family Marasmiaceae. This is a monotypic genus, containing the single species Lecanocybe lateralis, found in Java and Hawaii.
Phaeodepas is a genus of fungus in the family Marasmiaceae. The genus contains two species found in Venezuela.
Rectipilus is a genus of cyphelloid fungi in the family Marasmiaceae. The widespread genus contains nine species. It was circumscribed by Reinhard Agerer in 1973.
Trogia is a genus of fungi in the family Marasmiaceae. It is named after a Swiss mycologist Jacob Gabriel Trog. The genus contains about 20 species that are widely distributed in tropical areas.
Episphaeria is a genus of fungus in the Agaricales. The genus is monotypic, and contains the single rare species Episphaeria fraxinicola, found in Europe. Its familial position is not known with certainty. The tiny fruit bodies of the fungus resemble minute, white cups that grow scattered or in groups on the bark of ash trees.
Flagelloscypha is a genus of cyphelloid fungi in the family Niaceae. The genus has a widespread distribution and contains an estimated 25 species.
Lachnella is a genus of cyphelloid fungi in the Niaceae family. The genus has a widespread distribution and contains six species.
The cyphelloid fungi are a group of fungi in the Basidiomycota that have disc-, tube-, or cup-shaped basidiocarps, resembling species of discomycetes in the Ascomycota. They were originally referred to the genus Cyphella and subsequently to the family Cyphellaceae, but are now known to be much more diverse and are spread through several different genera and families. Since they are often studied as a group, it is convenient to call them by the informal (non-taxonomic) name of "cyphelloid fungi". Better known cyphelloid genera include Calyptella, with stalked, cup- or bell-like fruit bodies; Lachnella, with conspicuous, hairy-margined, disc-like fruit bodies; Flagelloscypha with smaller, but equally hairy, cup-like fruit bodies; Henningsomyces with tube-like fruit bodies; and Merismodes with clustered, hairy, cup-like fruit bodies.
Caripia is a fungal genus in the family Marasmiaceae. The genus is monotypic, containing the single species Caripia montagnei, commonly known as the pod parachute. It is found in tropical and subtropical regions of the Americas. Formerly classified in the Stereales, molecular analysis published in 2002 demonstrated that the fungus is a reduced form of the closely related Gymnopus.
References
- ↑ Kirk PM, Cannon PF, Minter DW, Stalpers JA (2008). Dictionary of the Fungi (10th ed.). Wallingford, UK: CABI. p. 110. ISBN 978-0-85199-826-8.
- ↑ Reid DA. (1964). "Notes on some fungi of Michigan-I. Cyphellaceae". Persoonia. 3 (1): 97–154.
- ↑ Sulzbacher MA, Desjardin DE, Putzke J (2008). "Calathella columbiana (Basidiomycota): new record of a cyphelloid fungus from Brazil". Mycotaxon. 105: 37–42.
