The Pergidae are a moderate-sized family of sawflies occurring in the Western Hemisphere and the Australasian Region. The Pergidae are, with almost 450 described species, the third-largest family of Symphyta after the Tenthredinidae and the Argidae. Morphologically, most pergids are typically sawfly-like, but the form of the antennae varies considerably in number of segments and from simple to serrate and pectinate or even bipectinate. Sexual dimorphism is common and reflected in differences in type of antennae, colour, and size. Included are some of the few known apterous sawflies, those of the genus Cladomacra occurring in Papua New Guinea and Indonesia, and a species with brachypterous females, Clarissa tasbates, in Tasmania.
Tenthredinidae is the largest family of sawflies, with well over 7,500 species worldwide, divided into 430 genera. Larvae are herbivores and typically feed on the foliage of trees and shrubs, with occasional exceptions that are leaf miners, stem borers, or gall makers. The larvae of externally feeding species resemble small caterpillars. As with all hymenopterans, common sawflies undergo complete metamorphosis.
The pear slug or cherry slug is the larva of the sawfly, Caliroa cerasi, a nearly worldwide pest. The species was first described by Carl Linnaeus in his landmark 1758 10th edition of Systema Naturae. They are not slugs but are a kind of sawfly of the family Tenthredinidae. The pear slug is an important pest that eats leaves of cherry, pear, and plum trees, leaving behind a skeleton of veins. The larvae cover themselves in green slime, making themselves unpalatable to predators. The larva molt between five and eight times before being fully grown. When the larvae are fully grown, they drop from the tree to the ground and pupate underground. The adult sawfly emerges from the pupal case and climbs from the soil to mate and lays eggs on the leaves of the host plant, completing the life cycle.
Acizzia is a genus of psyllids that primarily feed on Acacia and Albizia species. Many species are known from Australia and have become widespread as their host plants are popular garden specimens. Damage to the leaves is generally mild. Economic damage on plantation species is occasionally reported.
Ithonidae, commonly called moth lacewings and giant lacewings, is a small family of winged insects of the insect order Neuroptera. The family contains a total of ten living genera, and over a dozen extinct genera described from fossils. The modern Ithonids have a notably disjunct distribution, while the extinct genera had a more global range. The family is considered one of the most primitive living neuropteran families. The family has been expanded twice, first to include the genus Rapisma, formerly placed in the monotypic family Rapismatidae, and then in 2010 to include the genera that had been placed into the family Polystoechotidae. Both Rapismatidae and Polystoechotidae have been shown to nest into Ithonidae sensu lato. The larvae of ithonids are grub-like, subterranean and likely phytophagous.
Allantinae is a subfamily of sawflies in the family Tenthredinidae, and the largest subfamily of that family, with about 110 genera. The subfamily is considered to consist of five to six tribes, and are medium to large sawflies.
Siamusotima is a genus of moths of the family Crambidae. The genus was erected by Maria Alma Solis et al. in 2005.
Hyadaphis is a genus of aphids in the family Aphididae. There are about 19 described species in Hyadaphis.
Alabagrus texanus is a species of braconid wasp in the family Braconidae. It develops within the larvae of Herpetogramma theseusalis. Males emerge from pupation earlier than females. Females typically only mate once, whereas males mate more than once.
Periphyllus is a genus of maple aphids in the family Aphididae. There are more than 40 described species in Periphyllus.
Cerataphis is a genus of witch hazel and palm aphids in the family Aphididae. There are about 10 described species in Cerataphis.
Hayhurstia is a genus of aphids in the family Aphididae. There is one described species in Hayhurstia, H. atriplicis.
Hyperomyzus is a genus of aphids in the family Aphididae. There are more than 20 described species in Hyperomyzus.
Siamusotima disrupta is a species of stem-boring moth of the family Crambidae first described by Maria Alma Solis et al. in 2017.
Caliroa dionae is a sawfly whose larvae eat the leaves of the blueberry plant. It was first discovered near Trois-Rivieres, Quebec.
Acordulecera is a genus of sawflies in the family Pergidae. There are more than 20 described species in Acordulecera.
Lathrolestes luteolator is a species of wasp in the family Ichneumonidae. It is native to North America and is a parasitoid of various species of sawfly larvae. In the 1990s, it started to parasitise the larvae of the invasive amber-marked birch leaf miner in Alberta. When this pest spread to Alaska, the wasp was used in biological pest control.
Hormaphis is a genus of witch hazel and palm aphids in the family Aphididae. There are at least three described species in Hormaphis, found mainly in eastern North America.
Caliroa quercuscoccineae, the scarlet oak sawfly or slug oak sawfly, is a species of sawfly in the family Tenthredinidae.
Disholcaspis quercusmamma, the oak rough bulletgall wasp, is a species of gall wasp in the family Cynipidae. The quercus in its name is the genus name for oak, while "mamma" is Latin for "breast", presumably a reference to the "nipple" on the gall.
