| Calymene celebra Temporal range: | |
|---|---|
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Scientific classification  | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | † Trilobita |
| Order: | † Phacopida |
| Family: | † Calymenidae |
| Genus: | † Calymene |
| Species: | †C. celebra |
| Binomial name | |
| †Calymene celebra Raymond, 1916 | |
Calymene celebra is a Silurian species of trilobites of the order Phacopida and also the state fossil of Wisconsin. It is found in Illinois, Indiana, and Wisconsin. [1]
Trilobites are extinct marine arthropods that form the class Trilobita. Trilobites form one of the earliest known groups of arthropods. The first appearance of trilobites in the fossil record defines the base of the Atdabanian stage of the Early Cambrian period and they flourished throughout the lower Paleozoic before slipping into a long decline, when, during the Devonian, all trilobite orders except the Proetida died out. The last trilobites disappeared in the mass extinction at the end of the Permian about 251.9 million years ago. Trilobites were among the most successful of all early animals, existing in oceans for almost 270 million years, with over 22,000 species having been described.
Dudley is a town in the West Midlands of England.
Phacopida ("lens-face") is an order of trilobites that lived from the Late Cambrian to the Late Devonian. It is made up of a morphologically diverse assemblage of taxa in three related suborders.
Calymene Brongniart, 1822, is a genus of trilobites in the order Phacopida, suborder Calymenina, that are found throughout North America, North Africa, and Europe in primarily Silurian outcrops. Calymene is closely related to Flexicalymene, and both genera are frequently found enrolled. Calymene trilobites are small, typically 2 cm in length. The cephalon is the widest part of the animal and the thorax usually has 13 segments.
Flexicalymene Shirley, 1936. is a genus of trilobites belonging to the order Phacopida, suborder Calymenina and Family Calymenidae. Flexicalymene specimens can be mistaken for Calymene, Gravicalymene, Diacalymene and a few other Calymenina genera. They are used as an index fossil in the Ordovician. Ohio and North America are particularly known for being rich with Flexicalymene fossils.
Gravicalymene Shirley, 1936, is a genus of trilobites belonging to the order Phacopida, suborder Calymenina and family Calymenidae. Species included in this genus have previously been allocated to Calymene Brongniart 1822,Flexicalymene Shirley, 1936. and Sthenarocalymene Siveter 1977.
Calymene niagarensis is a species of trilobite belonging to the genus Calymene. These nektobenthic carnivores lived in the Middle Silurian, from 436.0 to 426.2 Ma.
Calymene Brongniart in Desmarest (1817), sometimes erroneously spelled blumenbachi, is a species of trilobite discovered in the limestone quarries of the Wren's Nest in Dudley, England. Nicknamed the Dudley Bug or Dudley Locust by 18th-century quarrymen it became a symbol of the town and featured on the Dudley County Borough Council coat-of-arms. Calymene blumenbachii is commonly found in Silurian rocks and is thought to have lived in the shallow waters of the Silurian, in low-energy reefs. This particular species of Calymene is unique to the Wenlock series in England, and comes from the Wenlock Limestone Formation in Much Wenlock and the Wren's Nest in Dudley. These sites seem to yield trilobites more readily than any other areas on the Wenlock Edge, and the rock here is dark grey as opposed to yellowish or whitish as it appears on other parts of the Edge, just a few miles away, in Church Stretton and elsewhere. This suggests local changes in the environment in which the rock was deposited.
Balizoma is a genus of trilobites from the family Encrinuridae established by David J. Holloway in 1980. It has only been found in rocks of Silurian age. Its type species, B. variolaris, is currently the only named species of the genus, and is found in England. The neotype of B. variolaris was collected from the Much Wenlock Limestone Formation at Dudley, West Midlands. That specimen was first illustrated in Sir Roderick Impey Murchison's classic book, The Silurian System. B. variolaris was the original "strawberry-headed" trilobite of Dudley, so-named because of its nodular glabellar tubercles, and well known to early trilobite collectors. Additional species were originally assigned to Balizoma, but were subsequently placed in other encrinurine genera.
Anchiopsis is a genus of trilobite in the order Phacopida, which existed in what is now New York, U.S.A. It was described by Delo in 1935, and the type species is Anchiopsis anchiops, which was originally described as Calymene anchiops by Green in 1832.
Calymenesum is a trilobite in the order Phacopida that existed in what is now China during the middle Ordovician. It was described by Kobayashi in 1951, and the type species is Calymenesum tingi, originally described under the genus Calymene by Sun in 1931. The species was described from the Shistzupu Formation in Guizhou, China.
Chasmops is a trilobite in the order Phacopida that existed during the upper Ordovician in what is now Estonia. It was described by McCoy in 1849, and the type species is Chasmops odini, which was originally described under the genus Calymene by Eichwald in 1840. It also contains the species C. maxima.
Cybele is a genus of trilobites in the order Phacopida, that existed during the middle Ordovician in what is now Sweden. It was described by Loven in 1846, and the type species is Cybele bellatula, which was originally described dubiously under the genus Calymene by Dalman in 1827. The type locality was in Östergötland.
Deacybele is a genus of trilobites in the order Phacopida, that existed during the upper Ordovician in what is now Ireland. It was described by Whittington in 1965, and the type species is Deacybele arenosa, which was originally described under the genus Calymene by McCoy in 1846. The type locality was the Avoca Formation.
Eodalmanitina is a trilobite in the order Phacopida, that existed during the middle Ordovician in what is now France. It was described by Henry in 1964, and the type species is Eodalmanitina macropthalma, which was originally described under the genus Calymene by Brongniart in 1822. The type locality was in Loire-Atlantique.
Guichenia is a trilobite in the order Phacopida, that existed during the middle Ordovician in what is now France. It was described by Henry in 1968, and the type species is Guichenia dufouri, which was originally described under the genus Dalmanites by Tromelin and Lebesconte in 1876. The type locality was the Calymènes Shale, in Loire-Atlantique.
Calymenidae is a family of trilobites, containing the following genera:
Paleontology in Illinois refers to paleontological research occurring within or conducted by people from the U.S. state of Illinois. Scientists have found that Illinois was covered by a sea during the Paleozoic Era. Over time this sea was inhabited by animals including brachiopods, clams, corals, crinoids, sea snails, sponges, and trilobites.
Paleontology in Wisconsin refers to paleontological research occurring within or conducted by people from the U.S. state of Wisconsin. The state has fossils from the Precambrian, much of the Paleozoic, some a parts of the Mesozoic and the later part of the Cenozoic. Most of the Paleozoic rocks are marine in origin. Because of the thick blanket of Pleistocene glacial sediment that covers the rock strata in most of the state, Wisconsin’s fossil record is relatively sparse. In spite of this, certain Wisconsin paleontological occurrences provide exceptional insights concerning the history and diversity of life on Earth.
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