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Fort Devens is a United States Army Reserve military installation in the towns of Ayer and Shirley, in Middlesex County and Harvard in Worcester County in the U.S. state of Massachusetts. Due to extensive environmental contamination it was listed as a superfund site in 1989. Most of the fort's land was sold off in 1996, but the cantonment area of the post was retained by the Army as the Devens Reserve Forces Training Area (RFTA). Fort Devens was reactivated in May 2007, though no units of active Army have been located there. The Devens Range Complex operates on property in Lancaster, south of Route 2, for live-fire training with small arms, machine guns, grenades, and rockets.
The Missouri National Guard (MONG), commonly known as the Missouri Guard, is a component of the Army National Guard and Missouri State Department of the National Guard. It is composed of Army and Air National Guard units. The Department office is located in Jefferson City.
Fort McClellan, originally Camp McClellan, is a decommissioned United States Army post located adjacent to the city of Anniston, Alabama. During World War II, it was one of the largest U.S. Army installations, training an estimated half-million troops. After the war it became the home of the Military Police Corps, the Chemical Corps and the Women's Army Corps. From 1975 until it was closed in 1999, Fort McClellan was home of the Military Police Corps and the One Station Unit Training (OSUT) Military Police School. Also after World War II until it was closed in 1999, it was home of the Chemical Corps School, which trained soldiers in chemical warfare. In 1988, Fort McClellan was used as an alternate training academy for the United States Border Patrol. Before its closure by the Base Realignment and Closure commission (BRAC), the post employed about 10,000 military personnel and about 1,500 civilians. It underwent unexploded ordnance (UXO) clean up from 2003 to 2014. Since 2010, about 3,000 acres of the post's brownfield land have been redeveloped as a mixed-use community. The portion of the post which has not been redeveloped is currently owned by the Alabama Army National Guard and is used as a training facility for units from all across the state, also housing the Alabama Army National Guard’s Officer Candidate School, for enlisted soldiers looking to earn their commission.
Moore Army Airfield is a former airfield located in Fort Devens, Massachusetts. It was closed following the closure of the fort in 1995. It is named for Ayer native Chief Warrant Officer 2 Douglas Moore. It was the only Army Airfield named for someone killed in the Vietnam War. It is currently used for racing and State Police driver training.
Camp Roberts is a California National Guard post in central California, located on both sides of the Salinas River in Monterey and San Luis Obispo counties, now run by the California Army National Guard. It was opened in 1941 and is named after Corporal Harold W. Roberts, a World War I Medal of Honor recipient. Nearby communities include San Miguel, Heritage Ranch, Oak Shores, and Bradley, all unincorporated. The nearest incorporated city is Paso Robles. Camp Roberts is roughly 25 miles southeast of Fort Hunter Liggett.
Fort Lee is a historic American Revolutionary War fort in Salem, Massachusetts. The site, located at a high point next to Fort Avenue on Salem Neck, is a relatively rare fortification from that period whose remains are relatively unaltered. It is an irregular 5-pointed star fort. Although there is some documentary evidence that the Neck was fortified as early as the 17th century, the earthworks built in 1776 are the first clear evidence of the site's military use. Reportedly, the fort had a garrison of 3 officers and 100 artillerymen with 16 guns. The site, of which only overgrown earthworks and a stone magazine survive, was repaired in the 1790s, and rebuilt for the American Civil War. A state cultural resource document states that the fort has not been much modified since the Revolution, and has not been built over. It was garrisoned by the Massachusetts militia in the War of 1812, abandoned afterwards, and rebuilt with four 8-inch columbiads in the Civil War. An Army engineer drawing dated 1872 depicts the fort's five-pointed trace and the four Civil War gun positions. It was also garrisoned during the Spanish–American War.
Sampson Air Force Base is a closed United States military facility, last used by the United States Air Force Air Training Command as a Basic Military Training Center. It was closed in 1956 and put into caretaker status.
Fort Allen, officially Fort Allen Training Center, is a Puerto Rico National Guard military installation located on a 373-hectare (921-acre) facility in Juana Díaz, Puerto Rico.
The 181st Infantry Regiment shares the distinction of being the oldest combat regiment currently organized in the United States Army. It is one of several National Guard units with colonial roots and campaign credit for the War of 1812. The regiment traces its history to 13 December 1636, when it was one of four colonial regiments of foot of the British Crown in Massachusetts. It later served in the Continental Army during the American Revolution, with Union forces in the American Civil War, and as a federalized Massachusetts National Guard regiment with the U.S. Army during War with Spain, Mexican Border Campaign, World War I, and World War II. In 2006 Company A (Agawam) of the battalion deployed as a member of KFOR8 to Kosovo in support of Operation Joint Enterprise. Most recently the 1st Battalion, 181st Infantry has served in Iraq, in New Orleans following Hurricane Katrina, and in Afghanistan. The only active element of the regiment is the 1st Battalion, 181st Infantry Regiment, which returned from a year of service in Afghanistan in July 2011. The 1st Battalion was mobilized in March 2017 for one year of service with the Multinational Force & Observers in the Sinai Peninsula of Egypt. Currently, the 1st Battalion is a part of the 44th Infantry Brigade Combat Team, a major formation of the New Jersey National Guard. It was reflagged from the 50th Infantry Brigade Combat Team in 2017.
Camp Edwin M. Stanton was an American Civil War training camp that existed from 1861 to 1862 in Lynnfield, Massachusetts. When the camp first opened in 1861 it was known as Camp Schouler, named for Massachusetts Adjutant General William Schouler. In some references it is misspelled as Camp Schuyler. After President Abraham Lincoln's call for 300,000 troops in July 1862, the camp was revived and renamed in honor of United States Secretary of War Edwin M. Stanton. It served as the training camp and rendezvous for recruits from eastern Massachusetts. The camp trained ten infantry regiments and four artillery batteries of the Massachusetts militia, including the 17th, 19th, 22nd, 23rd, 33rd, 35th, 38th, 39th, 40th, and 41st regiments of infantry and the 3rd, 5th, 9th, and 10th batteries of light artillery. Soldiers stationed at Camp Schouler/Stanton during training included Edward A. Wild, Henry Wilson, Nelson A. Miles, Edward Winslow Hinks, and Arthur F. Devereux. During World War I it was renamed Camp Houston and served as a Massachusetts National Guard mobilization camp in 1917. It was located on the Newburyport Turnpike near the Peabody, Massachusetts line. The camp was divided into streets, with tents and cook houses located on both sides of the Turnpike to Suntaug Lake.
Camp Adams was a former American Civil War training camp that existed in 1861 in Quincy, Massachusetts. It was first occupied on 5 July 1861 by Cobb's Light Artillery. On 8 August the unit relocated to Baltimore, Maryland and established Camp Andrew.
Camp Andrew is a former American Civil War training camp that existed in 1861 in West Roxbury, Massachusetts. It was named for John Albion Andrew, governor of Massachusetts at the time, and was used for the initial organization of the 2nd Massachusetts Infantry Regiment in May–July 1861. The site was on the former Brook Farm, a utopian socialist community from 1841 through 1847. As a youth, Robert Gould Shaw was taken on visits to Brook Farm by his father. He is most famous as the commander of the 54th Massachusetts Infantry Regiment. In his early military career he trained at Camp Andrew as an officer of the 2nd Massachusetts.
Camp Cameron was an American Civil War training camp that existed in 1861–1862 in North Cambridge, Massachusetts. It was used for the initial organization of elements of the 38th Massachusetts Infantry Regiment. It was probably named for Simon Cameron, Lincoln's first secretary of war. Other units that trained here included the 1st, 11th, 16th, 26th, and 28th regiments of Massachusetts infantry, and the 1st and 8th batteries of light artillery. It was located near Massachusetts Avenue, and was also known at one point as Camp Day after the family that owned the land. Cameron Avenue and Camp Street are named for the camp, and several nearby streets were named after battles.
Camp Ellsworth is a former American Civil War training camp that existed in 1862 in North Cambridge, Massachusetts. It was located near Fresh Pond, at the abandoned Reed and Bartlett Icehouse. It was first occupied by the 1st Regiment Massachusetts Volunteer Infantry on June 1, 1861.
Camp Meigs is a former American Civil War training camp that existed from 1862 to 1865 in Readville, Massachusetts. It was combined from the former Camp Brigham and Camp Massasoit and trained the 54th Regiment Massachusetts Volunteer Infantry, among others. The 54th regiment was one of the first official African-American units in the United States during the Civil War. The former camps were merged into Camp Meigs in August 1862. Camp Meigs was named for Montgomery C. Meigs.
Camp Prospect Hill was a former American Civil War training camp that existed in 1861 in Somerville, Massachusetts. It was located on Prospect Hill in the Union Square neighborhood of Somerville, on the site of an American Revolutionary War fort. Company E of the 39th Massachusetts Volunteer Infantry Regiment trained there.
Camp Lincoln was an American Civil War camp that existed in 1861 in Worcester, Massachusetts. It was located on the Agricultural Fairgrounds, around the Elm Park neighborhood. It was named after Levi Lincoln Jr., the 13th Governor of Massachusetts and first Mayor of Worcester. On June 3, 1862, the camp was renamed Camp Wool, in honor of John E. Wool, the oldest general in the regular army. Units trained here included the 21st, 25th, 34th, 36th, 49th, 51st, and 57th regiments of Massachusetts infantry. Camp Scott, named for Major General Winfield Scott, also existed in Worcester for about 6 weeks in June–August 1861 as a training camp for the 15th Massachusetts Infantry Regiment.
California during World War II was a major contributor to the World War II effort. California's long Pacific Ocean coastline provided the support needed for the Pacific War. California also supported the war in Europe. After the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941, most of California's manufacturing was shifted to the war effort. California became a major ship builder and aircraft manufacturer. Existing military installations were enlarged and many new ones were built. California trained many of the troops before their oversea deployment. Over 800,000 Californians served in the United States Armed Forces. California agriculture, ranches and farms were used to feed the troops around the world. California's long coastline also put the state in fear, as an attack on California seemed likely. California was used for the temporary and permanent internment camps for Japanese Americans. The population grew significantly, largely due to servicemen who were stationed at the new military bases/training facilities and the mass influx of workers from around the U.S. in the growing defense industries. With all the new economy activity, California was lifted out of the Great Depression. Over 500,000 people moved to California from other states to work in the growing economy. California expanded its oil and mineral production to keep up with the war demand.
Naval Base Hawaii was a number of United States Navy bases in the Territory of Hawaii during World War II. At the start of the war, much of the Hawaiian Islands was converted from tourism to a United States Armed Forces base. With the loss of US Naval Base Philippines in Philippines campaign of 1941 and 1942, Hawaii became the US Navy's main base for the early part of the island-hopping Pacific War against Empire of Japan. Naval Station Pearl Harbor was founded in 1899 with the annexation of Hawaii.
References
- ↑ Roberts, Robert B. (1988). Encyclopedia of Historic Forts: The Military, Pioneer, and Trading Posts of the United States. New York: Macmillan. p. 398. ISBN 0-02-926880-X.
- ↑ "Western Massachusetts - Camp Framingham". American Forts Network. Retrieved 14 July 2020.
- ↑ "Abandoned & Little-Known Airfields: Southwestern Massachusetts". Abandoned & Little-Known Airfields. 3 October 2012. Archived from the original on 2010-11-20. Retrieved 29 December 2013.
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