Canals in Australia

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There are few canals in Australia. Of the canals constructed, only a small number are navigable waterways. The following list provides a summary of known navigable waterways and other types of constructed or artificial waterways in Australia. [1]

Contents

New South Wales

Alexandra Canal

Alexandra Canal is a tributary of the Cooks River, in southern Sydney, which was constructed along a 4-kilometre (2.5 mi) route from the inner Sydney suburb of Alexandria, through the St Peters and Mascot, past Sydney's Sydney Airport to the Cooks River at Tempe, eventually discharging into Botany Bay. The canal is 60 metres (200 ft) wide, [2] increasing to 80 metres (260 ft) at its mouth and is one of only two navigable canals constructed in New South Wales. [3]

Hawthorne Canal

Hawthorne Canal is an artificial waterway on a southern tributary of the Parramatta River, west of Sydney Harbour. It was constructed from January 1890 to improve drainage and provide ferry access operated by the Drummoyne – Leichhardt Ferry Company. [4]

Berry's Canal

Berry's Canal was Australia's first transport canal. In June 1822, Alexander Berry sailed his 15-tonne cutter Blanche from Sydney 150 km down the south coast to the Shoalhaven loaded with tools and provisions. Hamilton Hume, who later became a well-known explorer, was also on board. On 21 June 1822, the entrance to Shoalhaven Heads appeared dangerous and four men volunteered to test it in the cutter's boat. The boat capsized drowning two of the men. Berry then sailed up the Crookhaven River but was stopped by a sand spit. Undaunted, the crew hauled the Blanche across the spit. Four days later Hamilton Hume was left with three men at the isthmus to cut a passage using only hand tools. The canal, which was 191 m long, was completed in 12 days. This was the first transport canal to be cut in Australia. The river has since cut the passage wider and deeper to its present dimensions, making it now the real entrance to the Shoalhaven River. [1]

Mulwala Canal

Mulwala Canal is an irrigation canal in the Southern Riverina region of New South Wales, and is the largest irrigation canal in the Southern Hemisphere. The canal, starting at Lake Mulwala, diverts water from the Murray River across the Southern Riverina plain to the Edward River at Deniliquin. The canal is 2880 km long. The channel has an offtake capacity of 10,000 megalitres (ML) per day and annually supplies over 1,000,000 ML to 700,000 hectares (1,700,000 acres) in the Murray Irrigation Area. Constructed between 1935 and 1943, the canal not only provides water for agriculture, but also for the towns of Berrigan, Finley, Bunnaloo and Wakool.

North Creek Canal

A short canal was built linking North Creek to the Richmond River at Ballina to allow cane barges to reach the sugar mill at Broadwater without having to pass near the difficult and unstable bar at the mouth of the Richmond River. Although no longer used for this purpose, it remains a navigable waterway. [5] [6]

Queensland

Schulz Canal

Schulz Canal is an artificial waterway in Nundah, Queensland that enters Moreton Bay. It was constructed in the 1940s as a flood mitigation measure and is named after Toombul shire alderman William Schulz.

Tasmania

Denison Canal

The Denison Canal is a man-made waterway at Dunalley in southern Tasmania across the East Bay Neck of the Tasman Peninsula. It was constructed in 1905 to shorten the fishing and trade routes between the east coast and Hobart. It is named after Governor William Denison. [7] [8]

42°53′24″S147°48′28″E / 42.890052°S 147.807655°E / -42.890052; 147.807655

Victoria

Coode Canal

The Coode Canal was constructed in 1886–92, to designs for Sir John Coode by the Melbourne Harbor Trust to shorten and straighten the route up the Yarra River to Melbourne's docks. [9]

Sale Canal

The Sale Canal was commenced in the 1880s, to a design of Sir John Coode linking the town via the Thomson River and the Gippsland Lakes to the open sea. It was completed in 1890, with the Sale Swing Bridge built in 1883 across the canal along with a high wharf, and a launching ramp. It is longest true canal in Australia at about 5 km long.

Coal Canal, West Melbourne

The Coal Canal was constructed in the 1870s and 80s, initially as part of the drainage works for reclaiming the West Melbourne Swamp, and was enlarged to allow coal barges to unload imported coal for the North Melbourne Locomotive Depot. [10]

Elwood Canal

The Elwood Canal began construction in May 1889 under the supervision of municipal engineer Carlo Catani (22 April 185220 July 1918). [11] The Elwood area was originally low-lying wetlands surrounding Elster Creek until the canal was constructed to drain the wetlands and make it a habitable area. Construction commenced in May 1889, with the contractors, Messrs Hendon, Clarke & Anderson, engaging sixty workmen at a cost of £14,000. [12]

Maribyrnong Explosives Magazine Canal

The Marbyrnong Explosives Magazine Canal was constructed in 1875-76 and opened in 1878, as part of the large Victorian government explosives reserve, known as Jack's Magazine . The magazine was intended for bonded storage of all gunpowder coming into the colony, and was used for both military and industry, in particular the growing hard rock mining industry. Barges transferred explosives from ships in Hobsons Bay up the Maribyrnong River and into the 400m long canal then, offload at the canal dock just outside the magazine walls. A tramway also ran along the length of the canal, with another section going from the loading dock into the magazine proper. [13]

37°46′51″S144°53′46″E / 37.780823°S 144.896171°E / -37.780823; 144.896171

Western Australia

Burswood Canal

Burswood Canal was constructed in the 1830s across a meander bend of the Swan River at Burswood. [14] It was made to shorten the journey on the Swan river, between Fremantle and Guildford. [15]

It is bridged by the south western railway. [16] [17] and a road bridge was built as well. [18]

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Yarra River</span> River in Victoria, Australia

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Narrandera</span> Town in New South Wales, Australia

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Shoalhaven River</span> River in Australia

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Riverina</span> Region in New South Wales, Australia

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The Droitwich Canal is a synthesis of two canals in Worcestershire, England; the Droitwich Barge Canal and the Droitwich Junction Canal. The Barge Canal is a broad canal which opened in 1771 linking Droitwich Spa to the River Severn at Hawford Bottom Lock, Claines. The Droitwich Junction Canal is a narrow canal, opened in 1854, which linked Droitwich to the Worcester and Birmingham Canal. Both were built to carry salt, and were abandoned in 1939. They have been the subject of a restoration plan since 1973, and the Barge Canal was officially reopened in 2010, while the Junction Canal reopened in July 2011. Following the opening of the canal, ownership transferred to the newly created Canal and River Trust

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Port of Melbourne</span> Port

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Crown Perth</span> Resort and casino in Burswood, Western Australia

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Riverina Highway</span>

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Navigable aqueduct</span> Man-made channel for water and transport

Navigable aqueducts are bridge structures that carry navigable waterway canals over other rivers, valleys, railways or roads. They are primarily distinguished by their size, carrying a larger cross-section of water than most water-supply aqueducts. Roman aqueducts were used to transport water and were created in Ancient Rome. The 662-metre (2,172 ft) long steel Briare aqueduct carrying the Canal latéral à la Loire over the River Loire was built in 1896. It was ranked as the longest navigable aqueduct in the world for more than a century, until the Magdeburg Water Bridge in Germany took the title in the early 21st century.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Inland waterways of the United States</span>

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Coode Island</span> Former island in Victoria, Australia

Coode Island is a former island at the convergence of the Yarra and Maribyrnong Rivers, 4 km west of central Melbourne, Australia. The island was formed by the excavation of the Coode Canal in 1887, and became connected to the mainland in the 1930s. Today the low-lying land is part of the Port of Melbourne, and is used as the site of Swanson and Appleton Docks and their associated container storage and rail yards, as well as a number of chemical storage facilities.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Lehigh Canal</span> United States historic place

The Lehigh Canal is a navigable canal that begins at the mouth of Nesquehoning Creek on the Lehigh River in the Lehigh Valley and Northeastern regions of Pennsylvania. It was built in two sections over a span of 20 years beginning in 1818. The lower section spanned the distance between Easton and present-day Jim Thorpe. In Easton, the canal met the Pennsylvania Canal's Delaware Division and Morris Canals, which allowed anthracite coal and other goods to be transported further up the U.S. East Coast. At its height, the Lehigh Canal was 72 miles (116 km) long.

The Murray Irrigation Area is geographically located within the Riverina area of New South Wales, between Mulwala and Moulamein. It was created to control and divert the flow of local river and creek systems for the purpose of food production. The main river system feeding and fed by the area is the Murray River.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Mulwala Canal</span>

The Mulwala Canal is an irrigation canal in the southern Riverina region of New South Wales, Australia. It is the largest irrigation canal in the Southern Hemisphere. The canal, starting at Lake Mulwala, diverts water from the Murray River across the southern Riverina plain to the Edward River at Deniliquin. The canal is 156 km long. The channel has an offtake capacity of 10,000 megalitres (ML) per day and annually supplies over 1,000,000 ML to 700,000 hectares in the Murray Irrigation Area.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Hotel barge</span>

A hotel barge is a barge that has been built or converted to serve as a hotel or other kind of lodging. Hotel barges are generally found on rivers and canals in Europe, and may be used for river cruises or permanently moored in one place.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Deniliquin</span> Town in New South Wales, Australia

Deniliquin is a town in the Riverina region of New South Wales, Australia, close to the border with Victoria. It is the largest town in the Edward River Council local government area.

References

  1. 1 2 Australian Canal Society Archived 2 May 2013 at the Wayback Machine
  2. Jamieson, Tim (30 August 1999). "Planners dream up a canal playgrounds". The Sydney Morning Herald. p. 6.
  3. Fabien, Jean-Pierre (20 November 1999). "Cool, clean, clear canal". The Sydney Morning Herald. p. 108.
  4. Sabolch, Mark (2006). Hawthorne Canal : the history of Long Cove Creek. Ashfield & District Historical Society. p. 72.
  5. "North Creek was once a thriving community". The Daily Telegraph. Sydney. 27 March 2017. Retrieved 5 December 2021.
  6. "Australian Canals". The AUSTRALIAN CANAL SOCIETY. Retrieved 5 December 2021.
  7. "Denison Canal – Transit Information – updated December 2012". Archived from the original on 11 April 2013. Retrieved 30 April 2013.
  8. Dunalley Graham Clements 2006, Centre for Tasmanian Historical Studies citing A Alexander, The eastern shore, Rosny Park 2003
  9. "Melbourne Water, History of the Yarra River". Archived from the original on 29 February 2016. Retrieved 1 May 2013.
  10. "Railway Coal Canal And Wharf/ Dock Reserve Heritage Listed Location, Onmydoorstep 2010". Archived from the original on 2 May 2013. Retrieved 1 May 2013.
  11. McNicholl, Ronald (1979). "Catani, Carlo Giorgio Domenico Enrico (1852–1918)". Australian Dictionary of Biography . National Centre of Biography, Australian National University. ISSN   1833-7538 . Retrieved 25 August 2011.
  12. Elwood Canal Precinct (PDF), 2004, retrieved 25 August 2011
  13. Victorian Heritage Database, JACKS MAGAZINE CANAL, LOADING DOCK AND WHARVES
  14. "InHerit - State Heritage Office". Archived from the original on 21 May 2014. Retrieved 1 May 2013.
  15. Pitt Morison, Margaret, The old Burswood canal [Photocopy], Western Geographer, retrieved 11 November 2012
  16. "A Cheap Bridge". The West Australian . Perth. 16 May 1950. p. 5. Retrieved 11 November 2012 via National Library of Australia.
  17. "Another Railway Accident". The Daily News . Perth. 24 January 1910. p. 8 Edition: THIRD EDITION. Retrieved 11 November 2012 via National Library of Australia.
  18. "Perth City Council". The West Australian . Perth. 1 March 1932. p. 14. Retrieved 11 November 2012 via National Library of Australia.