| Carbacanthographis coccospora | |
|---|---|
Scientific classification  | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Fungi |
| Division: | Ascomycota |
| Class: | Lecanoromycetes |
| Order: | Graphidales |
| Family: | Graphidaceae |
| Genus: | Carbacanthographis |
| Species: | C. coccospora |
| Binomial name | |
| Carbacanthographis coccospora | |
| Synonyms [1] | |
| |
Carbacanthographis coccospora is a species of saxicolous (rock-dwelling) crustose lichen in the family Graphidaceae. [2] Found in Brazil, it was described as new to science in 2002.
Carbacanthographis coccospora was described by the Dutch lichenologist André Aptroot in 2002, from samples he collected in the Serra do Caraça, Minas Gerais, Brazil. He originally classified it in the genus Graphina . Diagnostic characteristics of the species are its unique globose to ellipsoid, 4–6 loculate ascospores and an exciple that is fully carbonised . [3] Aptroot and Robert Lücking transferred the taxon to the genus Carbacanthographis in 2009. [4]
The thallus of Carbacanthographis coccospora is crustose, metallic greyish in appearance, and can grow up to 5 cm in diameter. It has a thickness of up to 0.5 mm and is typically surrounded by a glossy hypothallus about 1 mm wide. The thallus contains sparse, Trentepohlia (alga) -like green algae. [3]
Apothecia (fruiting bodies) are mostly immersed within the thallus, lirelline (elongated with a slit-like opening), simple , and range from 0.5 to 1.5 mm in length. The apothecial disc is black and slit-like, measuring 50–80 μm wide. The hymenium (fertile spore-bearing tissue) is clear, hyaline, and does not react to iodine (IKI-negative). The fully carbonised exciple encases the hymenium. [3]
Asci are cylindrical, measuring approximately 75–110 by 9–13 μm, with contents that are dextrinoid red-brown when treated with iodine but lack an ocular chamber . Ascospores are arranged in a uniseriate manner, with eight spores per ascus, hyaline, IKI-negative, distoseptate with 4–6 rounded locules arranged in two rows, and measure (6–)9–12 by 7–10 μm. These spores do not have a gelatinous sheath, and no pycnidia have been observed. [3]
Chemical spot tests on Carbacanthographis coccospora (K-, C-, UV-) reveal no detectable substances, indicating a lack of secondary metabolites commonly found in other lichens. [3]
Carbacanthographis coccospora is found growing on damp siliceous rocks in mountainous regions alongside species such as Heterodermia speciosa . Although it typically grows on rocks, similar species within its family are often found on tree bark. [3]
Carbacanthographis is a genus of corticolous (bark-dwelling) lichens in the family Graphidaceae. The genus was circumscribed by German lichenologists Bettina Staiger and Klaus Kalb in 2002. An updated worldwide key to the genus was published in 2022 that added 17 new species. This revision allowed for further identification of undescribed species from other collections, and subsequently, 14 species were added in 2023 from the Amazonian lowland forests of Brazil and the Guianas.
Diorygma microsporum is a species of corticolous (bark-dwelling) crustose lichen in the family Graphidaceae. It was described as new to science in 2011. It has a neotropical distribution, and has been collected in Florida, Colombia, Brazil, and India. Notable for its small ascospores, this lichen thrives in undisturbed rainforests and serves as an indicator of forest health.
Graphis marusae is a species of corticolous (bark-dwelling) crustose lichen in the family Graphidaceae. It is found in a relict tropical lowland rainforest in Veracruz, Mexico, growing in exposed understory.
Fissurina karnatakensis is a species of corticolous (bark-dwelling) script lichen in the family Graphidaceae. Found in India, it was formally described as a new species in 2007 by Urmila Makhija and Bharati Adawadkar. It grows on tree trunks in exposed conditions along roadsides within moist forests, particularly in Karnataka, a state known for its many endemic lichen species.
Fissurina alligatorensis is a species of corticolous (bark-dwelling) crustose lichen in the family Graphidaceae. Characteristics of the lichen include its lack of secondary compounds and an ecorticate thallus. Its habitat is centred around the Alligator River National Wildlife Refuge in North Carolina, USA, and it has a preference for soft-barked trees. While it can easily be confused with other Fissurina species, there are specific characters that distinguish it, such as its violet ascospores and its lirellate fruiting bodies.
Fissurina elixii is a species of corticolous (bark-dwelling), script lichen in the family Graphidaceae. It is found in New South Wales and Tasmania in Australia.
Allographa anguilliradians is a species of corticolous (bark-dwelling), crustose lichen in the family Graphidaceae. It has been found in Trinidad and Tobago and Central-West Brazil. Its thallus covers an area of 3 to 7 cm in diameter with a slim profile and a variable surface texture, with a distinct metallic pale grey-olive colour without a prothallus. Its reproductive structures, known as lirellae, form a star-like pattern with black, carbonised outer layers and clear, colourless hymenium, while its ascospores are oblong and segmented, reacting violet-blue to iodine-based stains.
Graphis halonata is a species of lichen in the family Graphidaceae, first described in 2018. It is found in Brazil. The species is distinguished by its saxicolous (rock-dwelling) habitat, presence of norstictic acid, and unique ascospore characteristics.
Allographa hypostictica is a species of saxicolous (rock-dwelling), crustose lichen in the family Graphidaceae, Found in Brazil, it was described as a new species in 2018. Its thallus contains hypostictic acid and its distinctive apothecia and ascospores.
Byssoloma xanthonicum is a species of corticolous (bark-dwelling), crustose lichen in the family Pilocarpaceae. It is found in New Caledonia.
Thelotrema fijiense is a little-known species of corticolous (bark-dwelling), crustose lichen in the family Graphidaceae. It is known from Fiji.
Caloplaca lecanorocarpa is a species of saxicolous (rock-dwelling), crustose lichen in the family Teloschistaceae. Found in Brazil, it was formally described as a new species in 2016 by the lichenologists André Aptroot and Marcela Cáceres. It is named for its overall appearance to lichens in the Lecanora subfusca species complex.
Graphis paraschiffneri is a little-known species of corticolous (bark-dwelling) script lichen in the family Graphidaceae. It is only known to occur in Nicaragua. Closely related to Graphis schiffneri, the lichen is distinguished from this lookalike by its longer ascospores with more septa and extended lirellae.
Allographa pruinodisca is a species of corticolous (bark-dwelling) crustose lichen in the family Graphidaceae. It occurs in Brazil.
Crutarndina is a monotypic fungal genus in the family Graphidaceae. It contains the single species Crutarndina petractoides, a corticolous (bark-dwelling), crustose lichen.
Mangoldia is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the subfamily Graphidoideae of the family Graphidaceae. It contains four species of corticolous (bark-dwelling) script lichens.
Melanotopelia is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Graphidaceae. It has four species of corticolous (bark-dwelling), crustose lichens. This genus includes species characterised by dark pigmentation in their exciple, non-amyloid ascospores, and specific secondary metabolites.
Byssotrema is a monotypic fungal genus in the subfamily Graphidoideae of the family Graphidaceae. It contains the single species Byssotrema mirabile, a little-known corticolous (bark-dwelling), crustose lichen found only in Brazil.
Malmographina is a fungal genus in the family Graphidaceae. The genus is monotypic, containing the single species Malmographina plicosa, a script lichen found in South America. Genus Malmographina is characterised by its smooth, olive-green thallus, erumpent to prominent lirellae with orange to cinnabar-red pigment, a clear hymenium, and hyaline, non-amyloid ascospores.
Corticorygma is a monotypic fungal genus in the subfamily Graphidoideae of the family Graphidaceae. It contains a single species, the corticolous (bark-dwelling) crustose lichen Corticorygma stellatum. This script lichen is found in the shaded understory of rainforests in the Brazilian states of Rondônia and Paraná.