Carbacanthographis

Last updated

Carbacanthographis
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Fungi
Division: Ascomycota
Class: Lecanoromycetes
Order: Graphidales
Family: Graphidaceae
Genus: Carbacanthographis
Staiger & Kalb (2002)
Type species
Carbacanthographis chionophora
(Redinger) Staiger & Kalb (2002)

Carbacanthographis is a genus of corticolous (bark-dwelling) lichens in the family Graphidaceae. [1] The genus was circumscribed by German lichenologists Bettina Staiger and Klaus Kalb in 2002. [2] An updated worldwide key to the genus was published in 2022 that added 17 new species. [3] This revision allowed for further identification of undescribed species from other collections, and subsequently, 14 species were added in 2023 from the Amazonian lowland forests of Brazil and the Guianas. [4]

Contents

Description

Genus Carbacanthographis bears a strong resemblance to the genera Allographa and Graphis , with which it shares several characteristics, such as Trentepohlia -like photobionts , a typically carbonised (blackened) lirelliform excipulum, and colourless, transversely septate or muriform ascospores. [4]

One of the main distinguishing features of Carbacanthographis is its unique apical structure of the excipulum . Unlike in Allographa and Graphis, where the excipulum's two lips close and the hamathecium extends into the fissure, in Carbacanthographis, the excipulum extends above the hamathecium, leaving an open fissure. This fissure's walls are covered at the tips by warty periphysoids , which are challenging to observe and rarely seen. Additionally, the excipulum may have somewhat radiating and apically emergent, smooth hyphae. [4]

The growth pattern of the carbonised excipulum in Carbacanthographis results in less evident striate lirellae compared to many species of Graphis and Allographa. Clearly striate lirellae in Carbacanthographis are typically visible only when the excipulum is abraded, as seen in species like C. latispora . [4]

The ascospores in Carbacanthographis also show notable differences. While in Allographa and Graphis, the spore lumina become rounded to lentiform with a strong I+ blue-violet reaction due to endospore deposition, in Carbacanthographis, some species have rounded to lentiform lumina without a positive I-reaction. In other species, there is little or no endospore formation, and the septa remain thin, with ascospores that may or may not exhibit a positive I-reaction. [4]

The hamathecium's inspersion in Carbacanthographis consists of minute droplets approximately 0.5–1  μm wide, in contrast to the larger, unevenly sized oil-like droplets found in Graphis and Allographa. This difference in inspersion further aids in distinguishing Carbacanthographis from its close relatives. [4]

Species

As of May 2024, Species Fungorum (in the Catalogue of Life) accept 43 species in Carbacanthographis. [1]

Former species; [11]

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Graphidaceae</span> Family of fungi

The Graphidaceae are a family of lichen-forming fungi in the order Graphidales. The family contains nearly a hundred genera and more than 2000 species. Although the family has a cosmopolitan distribution, most Graphidaceae species occur in tropical regions, and typically grow on bark.

<i>Sarcographa</i> Genus of lichen-forming fungi

Sarcographa is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Graphidaceae. It is estimated to contain 37 species. The genus was circumscribed by French botanist Antoine Laurent Apollinaire Fée in 1825.

<i>Platythecium</i> Genus of lichen-forming fungi

Platythecium is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Graphidaceae. It contains an estimated 27 species.

<i>Platygramme</i> Genus of lichen-forming fungi

Platygramme is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Graphidaceae consisting of about 30 species. The genus was circumscribed by Antoine Laurent Apollinaire Fée in 1874.

<i>Graphis</i> (lichen) Genus of lichenised fungi in the family Graphidaceae

Graphis is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Graphidaceae.

<i>Fissurina</i> Genus of fungi

Fissurina is a genus of lichenized fungi in the family Graphidaceae. It has about 160 species, most of which are found in tropical regions.

<i>Diorygma</i> Genus of lichens

Diorygma is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Graphidaceae. The genus was circumscribed by Franz Gerhard Eschweiler in 1824. Species of the genus are widely distributed in tropical and subtropical regions of the world.

<i>Acanthothecis</i> Genus of lichen

Acanthothecis is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Graphidaceae. The genus was circumscribed by Frederick Edward Clements in 1909.

<i>Acanthotrema</i> Genus of lichen

Acanthotrema is a genus of lichens in the family Graphidaceae. The genus was circumscribed by German lichenologist Andreas Frisch in 2006, with Acanthotrema brasilianum assigned as the type species. Acanthotrema species are commonly found in rainforests ranging from lowland to montane environments.

André Aptroot is a Dutch mycologist and lichenologist. His primary research focus is on biodiversity, particularly tropical lichens, encompassing systematics, floristic surveys, and taxonomic reviews. A prolific researcher, he has published more than 500 scientific papers and described hundreds of new fungal and lichen species.

<i>Allographa</i> Genus of lichen

Allographa is a genus of script lichens in the family Graphidaceae. It has nearly 200 species. Formally circumscribed in 1824 by François Fulgis Chevallier, Allographa was formerly included in Graphis, but was upgraded to generic status in 2018 by lichenologists Klaus Kalb and Robert Lücking.

Allographa aptrootiana is a species of script lichen in the family Graphidaceae that is found in tropical Africa. It was formally described as a new species in 2014 by Dries Van den Broeck, Robert Lücking, and Damien Ertz. The type locality is Yaengo (Orientale Province, Democratic Republic of the Congo; here it was found growing on the bark of an unidentified tree species in an evergreen forest. The lichen somewhat resembles Graphis tetralocularis in overall morphology, but unlike that species it has a completely carbonized excipulum, and does not produce the secondary compound atranorin. The holotype specimen is parasitised with Etayoa trypethelii, a widespread tropical lichenicolous fungus. The specific epithet aptrootiana honours André Aptroot, "in recognition of his many contributions to tropical lichenology". The taxon was transferred to Allographa in 2018 following a reinstatement and reorganization of that genus.

Henricus (Harrie) Johannes Maria Sipman is a retired Dutch lichenologist who specialised in tropical and subtropical lichens and authored or co-authored over 250 scientific publications. He was the curator of the lichen herbarium at the Berlin Botanical Garden and Botanical Museum from 1983 until his retirement in 2010.

Pseudochapsa is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Graphidaceae. It has 19 species. It was circumscribed in 2012 by Sittiporn Parnmen, Robert Lücking, and Helge Thorsten Lumbsch, with Pseudochapsa dilatata as the type species. Pseudochapsa differs from Chapsa it that its excipulum is typically brown. Additionally, its ascospores are mostly discoseptate and amyloid. The generic name combines the Greek pseudo ("false") with the genus name Chapsa.

Cruentotrema is a genus of corticolous (bark-dwelling) lichens in the family Graphidaceae. It has seven species.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Graphidales</span> Order of lichen-forming fungi

Graphidales is an order of lichen-forming fungi in the class Lecanoromycetes. It contains 6 families, about 81 genera and about 2,228 species. Family Graphidaceae are the largest crustose family within Graphidales order comprising more than 2000 species, which are widely distributed in tropical and subtropical regions of the world.

Gintarasia is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Graphidaceae. It has seven species, all of which are found in Australia. Gintarasia species are corticolous (bark-dwelling), crustose lichens with a thelotremoid form.

Pallidogramme is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Graphidaceae. It has 8 species of corticolous (bark-dwelling), crustose lichens.

Malmographina is a fungal genus in the family Graphidaceae. The genus is monotypic, containing the single species Malmographina plicosa, a script lichen found in South America. Genus Malmographina is characterised by its smooth, olive-green thallus, erumpent to prominent lirellae with orange to cinnabar-red pigment, a clear hymenium, and hyaline, non-amyloid ascospores.

References

  1. 1 2 "Carbacanthographis". Catalogue of Life . Species 2000: Leiden, the Netherlands. Retrieved 1 June 2024.
  2. ↑ Staiger; B. (2002). Die Flechtenfamilie Graphidaceae: Studien in Richtung einer natürlichen Gliederung[The lichen family Graphidaceae: studies towards a natural organization]. Bibliotheca Lichenologica (in German). Vol. 85. Berlin/Stuttgart: J. Cramer. p. 98. ISBN   978-3-443-58064-3.
  3. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 Feuerstein, Shirley Cunha; Lücking, Robert; Borges da Silveira, Rosa Mara (2022). "A worldwide key to species of Carbacanthographis (Graphidaceae), with 17 species new to science". The Lichenologist. 54 (1): 45–70. doi:10.1017/s002428292100044x.
  4. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 Sipman, Harrie; Aptroot, André (2023). "Fourteen new Carbacanthographis species from the Neotropics, with ecological observation". Plant and Fungal Systematics. 68 (2): 320–334. doi: 10.35535/pfsyst-2023-0016 .
  5. 1 2 Sharma, Bharati; Khadilkar, Pradnya (2011). "Two additional new species of Carbacanthographis from India". The Lichenologist. 43 (4): 293–297. doi:10.1017/S0024282911000223.
  6. ↑ Kalb, K. (2004). "New or otherwise interesting lichens. II". Bibliotheca Lichenologica. 88: 301–329.
  7. ↑ Lücking, Robert; Álvaro-Alba, Wilson Ricardo; Moncada, Bibiana; Marín-Canchala, Norida Lucia; Tunjano, Sonia Sua; Cárdenas-López, Dairon (2023). "Lichens from the Colombian Amazon: 666 taxa including 28 new species and 157 new country records document an extraordinary diversity". The Bryologist. 126 (2): 242–303. doi:10.1639/0007-2745-126.2.242.
  8. ↑ Aptroot, André; de Souza, Maria Fernanda; dos Santos, Lidiane Alves; Junior, Isaias Oliveira; Barbosa, Bruno Micael Cardoso; da Silva, Marcela Eugenia Cáceres (2022). "New species of lichenized fungi from Brazil, with a record report of 492 species in a small area of the Amazon Forest". The Bryologist. 125 (3): 435–467. doi:10.1639/0007-2745-125.3.433.
  9. ↑ Kalb, K.; Aptroot, A. (2018). "Six new lichen species from Australia" (PDF). Australasian Lichenology. 82: 84–91.
  10. ↑ Kukwa, M.; Schiefelbein, U.; Flakus, A. (2013). "A contribution to the lichen family Graphidaceae (Ostropales, Ascomycota) of Bolivia". Herzogia. 26 (2): 231–252.
  11. ↑ "Carbacanthographis - Search Page". www.speciesfungorum.org. Species Fungorum. Retrieved 8 April 2023.
This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.