Cardamine trifolia

Cardamine trifolia
	Inflorescence
	Botanical illustration
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Plantae
Clade:	Tracheophytes
Clade:	Angiosperms
Clade:	Eudicots
Clade:	Rosids
Order:	Brassicales
Family:	Brassicaceae
Genus:	Cardamine
Species:	C. trifolia
Binomial name
	Cardamine trifolia; L.
Synonyms
	Cardamine trifolia var. bijugaO.E.Schulz; Crucifera trifoliaE.H.L.Krause; Dentaria alternifoliaDalla Torre;

Last updated October 22, 2025

Cardamine trifolia, the trefoil cress, trifoliate bittercress, or three-leaved cuckoo flower, is a species of flowering plant in the family Brassicaceae.^[2]^[3] It is native to central and southern Europe, and has been introduced to Great Britain.^[1] It appears to have survived in several glacial refugia in the Alps, the western Carpathians and Dinaric Alps from where it spread to nearby area.^[4] A creeping perennial, in the garden it is recommended as a ground cover in shady areas.^[2]^[3]

Habit
Leaf

References

1 2 "Cardamine trifolia L." Plants of the World Online . Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved 26 June 2023.
1 2 "Cardamine trifolia". Plant Finder. Missouri Botanical Garden. 2023. Retrieved 26 June 2023. Common Name: trifoliate bittercress
1 2 "Cardamine trifolia three-leaved cuckoo flower". The Royal Horticultural Society. 2023. Retrieved 26 June 2023. Other common names; trefoil cress
↑ Willner, Wolfgang; Wessely, Johannes; Gattringer, Andreas; Moser, Dietmar; Záveská, Eliška; Dullinger, Stefan; Schönswetter, Peter; Hülber, Karl (2023). "Post-glacial range formation of temperate forest understorey herbs – Insights from a spatio-temporally explicit modelling approach". Global Ecology and Biogeography. 32 (7): 1046–1058. Bibcode:2023GloEB..32.1046W. doi: 10.1111/geb.13677 . PMC 10947399 . PMID 38504871. S2CID 258073660.

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[POWO_280715-1-1] 1 2 "Cardamine trifolia L." Plants of the World Online . Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved 26 June 2023.

[MBG_443742-2] 1 2 "Cardamine trifolia". Plant Finder. Missouri Botanical Garden. 2023. Retrieved 26 June 2023. Common Name: trifoliate bittercress

[RHS_3056-3] 1 2 "Cardamine trifolia three-leaved cuckoo flower". The Royal Horticultural Society. 2023. Retrieved 26 June 2023. Other common names; trefoil cress

[1_of_787_Google_Scholar_Results-4] Willner, Wolfgang; Wessely, Johannes; Gattringer, Andreas; Moser, Dietmar; Záveská, Eliška; Dullinger, Stefan; Schönswetter, Peter; Hülber, Karl (2023). "Post-glacial range formation of temperate forest understorey herbs – Insights from a spatio-temporally explicit modelling approach". Global Ecology and Biogeography. 32 (7): 1046–1058. Bibcode:2023GloEB..32.1046W. doi: 10.1111/geb.13677 . PMC 10947399 . PMID 38504871. S2CID 258073660.

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