Carex sect. Spirostachyae

Last updated

Carex sect. Spirostachyae
Carex binervis inflorescence.jpg
Carex binervis
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Monocots
Clade: Commelinids
Order: Poales
Family: Cyperaceae
Genus: Carex
Subgenus: Carex subg. Carex
Section: Carex sect. Spirostachyae
(Drejer) L. H. Bailey in J. M. Coulter
Subsections  [1]
  • C. subsect. Elatae
  • C. subsect. Spirostachyae

Carex sect. Spirostachyae is a section of the genus Carex , containing 38 species of sedge. Species in Carex sect. Spirostachyae share a suite of features, including the short internodes of the primary rhizomes, the presence of an antiligule, the leaf-like, sheathing bract at the base of the inflorescence, the presence of three stigmas in female flowers, and the shape of the seeds. [1]

The section is composed of two subsections, with differing edaphic preferences; subsection Elatae comprises species that lives on acidic soils, while those in subsection Spirostachyae live on basic or ultramafic soils. [1] The two sections also differ morphologically, with species in subsection Elatae having wider leaves, thicker stems and larger spikes, the lowest of which may hang downwards. [1]

The centre of diversity of the group is in Europe and adjacent parts of Africa and Asia; a few species occur in Australia, Africa, South America and on oceanic islands. [1] The three species present in North America are introductions. [2]

Subsection Elatae(Kük.) Luceño & M. Escudero
Subsection Spirostachyae

Related Research Articles

<i>Dombeya</i> Genus of flowering plants

Dombeya is a flowering plant genus. Traditionally included in the family Sterculiaceae, it is included in the expanded Malvaceae in the APG and most subsequent systematics. These plants are known by a number of vernacular names which sometimes, misleadingly, allude to the superficial similarity of flowering Dombeya to pears or hydrangeas. Therefore, the genus as a whole is often simply called dombeyas. The generic name commemorates Joseph Dombey (1742–1794), a French botanist and explorer in South America, involved in the notorious "Dombey affair", embroiling scientists and governments of France, Spain, and Britain for more than two years.

<i>Carex petitiana</i> Species of grass-like plant

Carex petitiana is a species of sedge in the family Cyperaceae that lives in swamps and bogs at altitudes of 1,800–3,600 metres (5,900–11,800 ft) in Cameroon, the Democratic Republic of Congo, Ethiopia, Kenya, Malawi, Nigeria, Tanzania, Uganda and Zimbabwe. Two subspecies are recognised:

<i>Uncinia</i> Genus of grass-like plants

Uncinia is a genus of flowering plants in the family Cyperaceae, known as hook-sedges in Australia and as hook grasses or bastard grasses in New Zealand. The genus is characterised by the presence of a long hook formed by an extension of the rachilla, which is used to attach the fruit to passing animals (epizoochory), especially birds, and it is this feature which gives the genus its name, from the Latin uncinus, meaning a hook or barb.

<i>Carex nigra</i> Species of grass-like plant

Carex nigra is a perennial species of plants in the family Cyperaceae native to wetlands of Europe, western Asia, north Africa, and eastern North America. Common names include common sedge, black sedge or smooth black sedge. The eastern limit of its range reaches central Siberia, Turkey and probably the Caucasus.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Perigynium</span> Structure that encloses the ovary in Carex

In botany, a perigynium, also referred to as a utricle, typically refers to a sac that surrounds the achene of plants in the genus Carex (Cyperaceae). The perigynium is a modified prophyll, also known as a glume, which is tissue of leaf origin that encloses the dry, one-seeded achene.

<i>Schoenus</i> (plant) Genus of grass-like plants

Schoenus is a predominately austral genus of sedges, commonly known as bogrushes, or veldrushes in South Africa. Species of this genus occur mainly in South Africa, Australia and Southeast Asia. Others are found in scattered locations worldwide, from Europe to Asia, North Africa and the Americas. Three species occur in the peatlands of southern South America, including S. antarcticus which is found in Tierra del Fuego, where it forms a component of hyperhumid Magellanic moorland.

<i>Carex binervis</i> European species of sedge with an Atlantic distribution

Carex binervis, the green-ribbed sedge, is a European species of sedge with an Atlantic distribution. It is found from Fennoscandia to the Iberian Peninsula, and occurs in heaths, moorland and other damp, acidic environments. It typically grows to a height of 15–120 cm (6–50 in), and has inflorescences comprising one male and several female spikes, each up to 45 mm (1.8 in) long. The utricles have two conspicuous green veins, which give rise to both the scientific name and the common name of the species. In the vegetative state, it closely resembles C. bigelowii, a species that usually grows at higher altitude. C. binervis was first described by James Edward Smith in 1800, and is classified in Carex sect. Spirostachyae; several hybrids with other Carex species are known.

Carex rainbowii is a species of sedge found in the understorey of Afromontane forests in the Drakensberg Mountains of South Africa. It had previously been misidentified as introduced populations of Carex sylvatica, but was published as a new species in 2013.

<i>Tetraria</i> Genus of grass-like plants

Tetraria is a genus of flowering plants in the sedge family, Cyperaceae, native to Tanzania, South Africa, Borneo, Australia and New Zealand.

Karen Louise Wilson is an Australian botanist.

<i>Carex viridula</i> Species of grass-like plant

Carex viridula, known as little green sedge, green sedge, or greenish sedge, is a small flowering plant native to North America, Europe, Asia, and Morocco.

Carex arctogena is a member of the sedge family (Cyperaceae) which grows in high alpine areas. It is one of the few "bipolar" species; it has populations in Greenland, Scandinavia, Russia, Canada and southern South America. Plants in the far north and south appear to be genetically identical, having taken advantage of a similar niches on opposite ends of the globe.

<i>Carex lepidocarpa</i> Species of plant in the genus Carex

Carex lepidocarpa, called the long-stalked yellow-sedge, is a species of flowering plant in the genus Carex, native to eastern Canada, Morocco, and most of Europe. It is a member of the Carex flava species complex.

<i>Carex punctata</i> Species of plant in the genus Carex

Carex punctata, the dotted sedge, is a species of flowering plant in the genus Carex, native to Macaronesia, northwest Africa, southern, central, and northern Europe, and Turkey. Its chromosome number is 2n=68.

Carex paui is a rare species of sedge, with a western Mediterranean distribution; Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia, Spain,, and Italy. Some authorities considered it a synonym of Carex laxula, but as that name was not validly published, Carex paui was the next available name.

<i>Carex canariensis</i> Species of plant in the genus Carex

Carex canariensis is a species of sedge in the family Cyperaceae, native to the island of Madeira and to the Canary Islands. Its chromosome number is 2n = 58.

Carex tsoi is a species of sedge in the family Cyperaceae, native to Hainan, China. It was formerly thought to be in section Radicales.

Carex idaea is a species of sedge in the family Cyperaceae, native to Crete. It is genetically very close to Carex distans, but has a number of distinct differences, including a higher number of chromosomes, stiffer leaves, and dark red-purple flowers.

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 Marcial Escudero; Modesto Luceño (2009). "Systematics and evolution of Carex sects. Spirostachyae and Elatae (Cyperaceae)". Plant Systematics and Evolution . 279 (1–4): 163–189. doi:10.1007/s00606-009-0156-x. S2CID   29472803.
  2. ↑ Peter W. Ball; A. A. Reznicek; David F. Murray (2002). "Carex Linnaeus sect. Spirostachyae (Drejer) L. H. Bailey in J. M. Coulter, Man. Bot. Rocky Mt. 381. 1885". Magnoliophyta: Commelinidae (in part): Cyperaceae. Flora of North America North of Mexico. Vol. 23. Oxford University Press. pp. 521–523. ISBN   978-0-19-515207-4.
  3. ↑ S. Martín-Bravo; M. Escudero; P. Jiménez-Mejías (2012). "Carex modesti (Cyperaceae), a new species from southern Tanzania". Blumea . 57 (2): 143–146. doi:10.3767/000651912X657576. hdl: 11441/87930 .

Further reading

This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.