Catostylidae

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Catostylidae
Blubber Jellyfish 3.jpg
Catostylus mosaicus , blubber jellyfish
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Cnidaria
Class: Scyphozoa
Order: Rhizostomeae
Suborder: Dactyliophorae
Family: Catostylidae
Gegenbaur, 1857
Genera
See text

Catostylidae is a family of jellyfish, their common name is fat-armed jellies. [1] Members of this family are characterized by their thick, sausage-like oral arms. [2] Members of the family Catostylidae are small marine jellyfish with domed bells. The eight short oral arms are broad and three-sided. These jellies do sting but usually only leave minor burns. [3]

Contents

Biology

Catostylus mosaicus (Blue Blubber Jelly) Blue Blubber Jellyfish 3.jpg
Catostylus mosaicus (Blue Blubber Jelly)

These jellyfish have 3 layers that make up their bodies. They have an inner gastrodermis that comprises the digestive cavity. The gastrodermis possesses a single opening that functions as a mouth and an anus. The middle layer is called the mesoglea; a jelly-like substance that is flexible and dense. The outermost layer is the epidermis; it contains the nerve net. [4] There is a network of branching canals linked with the primary ring canal, but these are not joined to the gastrovascular cavity except through the sixteen or thirty two radial canals. Some of these radial canals do not extend to the edge of the bell. There are eight sense organs, known as rhopalia, which have canals extending to the margin of the bell. [5] Numerous jellyfish in this family rely on zooplankton as a primary source of substance. [6]

Ephyra stage of development Rhizostoma luteum ephyra, development stage 3 (5-6 days post-liberation) O, side view.jpg
Ephyra stage of development

These jellyfish swim in jerks by contracting their circular and radial muscles, which decreases the volume of water enclosed under the bell, before relaxing them again and repeating the sequence. They have no control over the direction of locomotion and drift with the currents and tides. [7] They come in many different colors the most common are brown, clear, and blue. [3] They are found around Africa, Australia, Spain, and South Asia. A few have also been spotted near the equator in the Americas. [8] Sunfish, tuna, spiny dogfish, and sea turtles feed on many jellyfish of the Catostylidae family. [9]

Catostylidae jellyfish go through six stages in their life cycle. They go between both asexual (polypoid) and sexual (medusoid) generations. Their life cycle progresses from planula to scyphistoma to podocyst to strobila to ephyra, culminating finally in the medusa stage. [10] [4]

History

Catostylidae was first mentioned in 1883 [11] by Carl Claus is his book Untersuchungen über die Organisation und Entwicklung der Medusen. [12]

Evolution

Within their phylum, Cnidarian, their eyes emerged separately on a minimum of eight occasions. Furthermore, the evolutionary trajectory of complex, lensed eyes diverge from other eye variations. Additionally, light-sensing behavior seems prevalent among them lacking eyes, indicating that their ancestors likely possessed scattered photoreceptor cells with light-detecting capabilities. [13]

Jellyfish Salad Jellyfish and roast duck salad.JPG
Jellyfish Salad

Culture

In numerous ancient Chinese cultures, Catostylidae jellyfish have served as a great food source. During their medusa stage, the umbrellas of these jellyfish become edible due to them beginning to create collagen. They offer minimal carbohydrates and saturated fats in their composition, creating an alternative to traditional proteins. This tradition of including cooked jellyfish umbrellas in salads has spread throughout various Asian countries including Japan, Thailand, and Malaysia. Moreover, in recent years, some European nations have begun to explore this culinary practice as well. [14] [15] [16]

Taxonomy

There are six known geniuses and twenty-one known species of Catostylidae. Limited information exists regarding all species within the Catostylidae family, primarily because some inhabit deep ocean environment, making them challenging to access for study. The ones that are seen are the ones that wash up on shore due to drifting with the ocean currents. [7]

Genera

See also

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Cnidaria</span> Aquatic animal phylum having cnydocytes

Cnidaria is a phylum under kingdom Animalia containing over 11,000 species of aquatic animals found both in fresh water and marine environments, including jellyfish, hydroids, sea anemones, corals and some of the smallest marine parasites. Their distinguishing features are a decentralized nervous system distributed throughout a gelatinous body and the presence of cnidocytes or cnidoblasts, specialized cells with ejectable flagella used mainly for envenomation and capturing prey. Their bodies consist of mesoglea, a non-living, jelly-like substance, sandwiched between two layers of epithelium that are mostly one cell thick. Cnidarians are also some of the only animals that can reproduce both sexually and asexually.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Jellyfish</span> Soft-bodied, aquatic invertebrates

Jellyfish, also known as sea jellies, are the medusa-phase of certain gelatinous members of the subphylum Medusozoa, which is a major part of the phylum Cnidaria.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Scyphozoa</span> Class of marine cnidarians, true jellyfish

The Scyphozoa are an exclusively marine class of the phylum Cnidaria, referred to as the true jellyfish.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Rhizostomeae</span> Order of jellyfish with eight branched oral arms

Rhizostomeae is an order of jellyfish. Species of this order have neither tentacles nor other structures at the bell's edges. Instead, they have eight highly branched oral arms, along which there are suctorial minimouth orifices. These oral arms become fused as they approach the central part of the jellyfish. The mouth of the animal is also subdivided into minute pores that are linked to coelenteron.

<i>Pelagia noctiluca</i> Species of cnidarian

Pelagia noctiluca is a jellyfish in the family Pelagiidae and the only currently recognized species in the genus Pelagia. It is typically known in English as the mauve stinger, but other common names are purple-striped jelly, purple stinger, purple people eater, purple jellyfish, luminous jellyfish and night-light jellyfish. In Greek, pelagia means "(she) of the sea", from pelagos "sea, open sea"; in Latin noctiluca is the combining form of nox, "night"", and lux, "light"; thus, Pelagia noctiluca can be described as a marine organism with the ability to glow in the dark (bioluminescence). It is found worldwide in tropical and warm temperate seas, although it is suspected that records outside the North Atlantic region, which includes the Mediterranean and Gulf of Mexico, represent closely related but currently unrecognized species.

<i>Phacellophora camtschatica</i> Species of jellyfish

Phacellophora camtschatica, commonly known as the fried egg jellyfish or egg-yolk jellyfish, is a very large jellyfish in the family Phacellophoridae. This species can be easily identified by the yellow coloration in the center of its body which closely resembles an egg yolk, hence its common name. Some individuals can have a bell close to 60 cm (2 ft) in diameter, and most individuals have 16 clusters of up to a few dozen tentacles, each up to 6 m (20 ft) long. A smaller jellyfish, Cotylorhiza tuberculata, typically found in warmer water, particularly in the Mediterranean Sea, is also popularly called a fried egg jellyfish. Also, P. camtschatica is sometimes confused with the Lion's mane jellyfish.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Discomedusae</span> Subclass of jellyfishes

Discomedusae is a subclass of jellyfish in the class Scyphozoa. It is the sister taxon of Coronamedusae. Discomedusae contains about 155 named species and there are likely to be many more as yet undescribed. Jellyfish in this subclass are much more likely to have swarming events or form blooms than those in Coronamedusae. Discomedusae consists of two orders, Rhizostomeae and Semaeostomeae.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Jelly blubber</span> Species of jellyfish

Catostylus mosaicus is also known as the Jelly blubber or Blue blubber jellyfish. The jelly blubber is distinguishable by its color, which ranges from light blue to a dark blue or purple, and its large (250-300mm), rounded bell which pulses in a staccato rhythm. It occurs along the coastline of Eastern Australia in estuaries and shallow bays, and often blooms to high abundance.

<i>Lychnorhiza lucerna</i> Species of jellyfish

Lychnorhiza lucerna is a species of jellyfish in the order Rhizostomeae. It is found off the Atlantic coasts of South America.

Libinia ferreirae is a species of tropical spider crab in the family Epialtidae. It is found on the seabed in shallow waters off the Atlantic coast of South America.

<i>Bazinga rieki</i> Genus of jellyfishes

Bazinga is a genus of rhizostome jellyfish with only one known species, Bazinga rieki, found off the central eastern coast of Australia.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ptychophorae</span> Suborder of jellyfishes

Ptychophorae is a suborder of rhizostome jellyfish, identified in 2013 by Gershwin and Davie.

<i>Catostylus</i> Genus of jellyfishes

Catostylus is a genus of jellyfish in the family Catostylidae.

<i>Catostylus tagi</i> Species of jellyfish

Catostylus tagi is a species of jellyfish from warmer parts of the East Atlantic Ocean and since the 2000s also found in the Mediterranean Sea. It is the only member of the family Catostylidae that is found in Europe, and it is a common species in the Tagus estuary in Portugal. It has collagen in its bell which is currently being researched to see if it has biomedical uses as an intercellular matrix. The species is named after the Tagus river.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Jellyfish as food</span>

Some species of jellyfish are suitable for human consumption and are used as a source of food and as an ingredient in various dishes. Edible jellyfish is a seafood that is harvested and consumed in several East and Southeast Asian countries, and in some Asian countries it is considered to be a delicacy. Edible jellyfish is often processed into a dried product. Several types of foods and dishes may be prepared with edible jellyfish, including salads, sushi, noodles, and main courses. Various preparation methods exist.

<i>Rhopilema verrilli</i> Species of jellyfish

Rhopilema verrilli, or mushroom cap jellyfish, is a species of jellyfish in the family Rhizostomatidae. They are cnidarian invertebrates distinguished by their mushroom-shaped medusae. The species does not have any tentacles; however, they still have stinging cells, called nematocysts, within their bells, which can produce mild stings to humans.

<i>Cassiopea ornata</i> Species of jellyfish

Cassiopea ornata are one of many Cnidarian species called the upside-down jellyfish. This pelagic jellyfish primarily lives in tropical waters, off the coast of Australia in shallow lagoons and around mangrove trees. The name "upside-down jellyfish" comes from the fact that it appears to be upside-down in its natural state—resting on its bell. Its bell is a golden/brown color and the tentacles vary with different shades of yellow. While the sighting of this particular species is rare, it is usually mistaken for vegetation like the other species in genus Cassiopea.

<i>Crambionella</i> Genus of cnidarians

Crambionella is a genus of Cnidarians belonging to the family Catostylidae. The genus is distinguishable from other Castostylid species by a terminal club on each oral arm without filaments and a canal system featuring a narrow, wide-meshed intra-circular network of interconnected vessels. These vessels solely communicate with the ring canal and not with the radial canals. Four species belong to the genus Crambionella : C. annandalei, C. helmbiru, C. orsini and C. stuhlmanni. C. orsini is the type species for the genus.

Lobonema is a monotypic genus of cnidarians belonging to the family Lobonematidae. The only species is Lobonema smithii.

<i>Drymonema dalmatinum</i> Species of large jellyfish

Drymonema dalmatinum is a species of scyphozoan jellyfish also known as the dalmatian mane jelly, the cauliflower jellyfish, or, in the United States, the pink meanie.

References

  1. "Fat-armed Jellies (Family Catostylidae)". iNaturalist. Retrieved 2024-04-30.
  2. "Jellyfishes with fat oral arms (Catostylidae) on the Shores of Singapore". 2011-07-18. Archived from the original on 2011-07-18. Retrieved 2024-04-30.
  3. 1 2 "Blubber (Catostylus mosaicus)". SLS Beachsafe. Retrieved 2024-05-01.
  4. 1 2 Ph.D, Lindy Whitehouse (2020-12-03). "Jellyfish - Facts and Beyond". Biology Dictionary. Retrieved 2024-04-30.
  5. The Scyphozoan. August 2007 https://thescyphozoan.ucmerced.edu/tSAug07.html . Retrieved April 30, 2024.{{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
  6. "Blue Blubber Jelly". National Aquarium. 2024-04-30. Retrieved 2024-04-30.
  7. 1 2 www.drkrishi.com https://www.drkrishi.com/lander . Retrieved 2024-04-30.{{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
  8. "Fat-armed Jellies (Family Catostylidae)". iNaturalist. Retrieved 2024-04-30.
  9. "Blue Blubber Jelly". National Aquarium. 2024-04-30. Retrieved 2024-04-30.
  10. Pitt, Kylie A. (August 27, 1999). "Life history and settlement preferences of the edible jellyfish Catostylus mosaicus (Scyphozoa: Rhizostomeae)". Marine Biology (136): 269–279 via ResearchGate.
  11. "WoRMS - World Register of Marine Species - Catostylidae Claus, 1883". www.marinespecies.org. Retrieved 2024-04-30.
  12. Claus, Carl; Claus, Carl (1883). Untersuchungen über die organisation und entwicklung der medusen. Prag: F. Tempsky; [etc., etc.]
  13. Picciani, Natasha; Kerlin, Jamie; Sierra, Noemie; Cannon, Johanna; Daly, Marymegan; Oakley, Todd (August 6, 2018). "Prolific Origination of Eyes in Cnidaria with Cooption of Non-visual Opsins". Current Biology. 28 (15): 2413–2419. Bibcode:2018CBio...28E2413P. doi: 10.1016/j.cub.2018.05.055 .
  14. Raposo, António; Alasqah, Ibrahim; Alfheeaid, Hani; Alsharari, Zayed; Alturki, Hmidan; Raheem, Dele (September 8, 2022). Poranguen, Stéphane; Duconseille, Anne (eds.). "Jellyfish as Food: A Narrative Review". Foods. 11 (18): 2773. doi: 10.3390/foods11182773 . PMC   9498191 . PMID   36140901.
  15. Boco, Sheldon Rey; Papa, Rey Donne S.; Metillo, Ephrime B. (June 2014). "Abundance, size and symbionts of Catostylus sp. medusae (Scyphozoa, Rhizostomeae) in Panguil Bay, Northern Mindanao, Philippines". Philippine Journal of Systematic Biology. 8: 63–81 via ResearchGate.
  16. Raposo, António; Coimbra, Alice; Amaral, Luís; Gonçalves, Amparo; Morais, Zilda (August 2018). "Eating jellyfish: safety, chemical and sensory properties". Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture. 98 (10): 3973–3981. Bibcode:2018JSFA...98.3973R. doi:10.1002/jsfa.8921. ISSN   0022-5142. PMID   29384596.