Ceratitoidea

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Ceratitoidea
Temporal range: M-U Triassic
Scientific classification Red Pencil Icon.png
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Mollusca
Class: Cephalopoda
Subclass: Ammonoidea
Order: Ceratitida
Superfamily: Ceratitoidea
Mojsisovics (1879)
Families

Ceratitoidea, formerly Ceratitaceae, is an ammonite superfamily in order Ceratitida characterized in general by highly ornamented or tuberculate shells with ceratitic sutures that may become goniatitic or ammonitic in some offshoots. (Arkell et al. 1962)

Contents

Phylo-taxonomy

Ceratites-Plate, fossil sea bottom, Upper Muschelkalk, with Ceratites spec. (mostly), Germanonautilus bidorsatus, Placunopsis spec., Coenothyris spec., and Rhizocorallium commune Ceratiten-Platte 01.jpg
Ceratites-Plate, fossil sea bottom, Upper Muschelkalk, with Ceratites spec. (mostly), Germanonautilus bidorsatus, Placunopsis spec., Coenothyris spec., and Rhizocorallium commune

The Ceratitoidea, according to the Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology (fig. 149, L104) can be divided into the Lower Triassic Hellenitidae, Dinaritidae, Tirolitidae, and Stephanitidae; the essentially lower Middle Triassic Acrochordiceratidae, Beyrichitidae, and Proteusitidae; and the lower Middle and post lower Middle Triassic Ceratitidae and its descendant families.

Families descendent from the Ceratidae are the Aplococeratidae and possibly or coeval, the Balatonitidae, Danubitidae, and Hungaritidae, and from the Hungaritidae, the Carnitidae. Of these the Balatonitidae and Danubitidae are restricted to the Anisian (lower Middle Triassic); the Ceratitidae and Hungaritidae to the Anisian and most of the Lidinian (upper Middle Triassic); the Carnitidae from the lower Lidinian through most of the Carnian (lower Upper Triassic); the Aplococeratidae from the lower Lidinian though most of the Norian (mid Upper Triassic).

Tozer, 1981, defined the Ceratitoidea as containing the Ceratitidae, Acrochordiceratidae, Balatonitidae, and Hungaritidae, as included in the Treatise with the Sibiritidae added from the Noritaceae and the since defined Keyserlingitidae and Rimkinitidae. The Danubitidae and Aplococeratidae are combined in the Danubitaceae; the Lower Triassic Stephanitidae is reassigned to the Noritaceae, the Dinaritidae, Tirolitidae, and Hellenitidae (replaced by the Columbitidae) combined in the Dinaritaceae. The Anisian Beyrichitidae is reduced to a subfamily the Ceratitidae. The Proteusitidae, also Anisian, is reassigned to the Nathorstitaceae.

Derivation and outcome

The Ceratitoidea are derived from the Permo-Scythian (Lower Trias) Xenodisciaceae (also known as the Otocerataceae), through the Dieneroceratidae, which has its origin in the upper Paleozoic prolecanitid Daraelitidae. The Ceratitoidea is also the source for the Arpaditidae and Trachyceratidae, ancestral families for the Clydonitaceae (= Trachyceratitaceae sensu Kümmel 1952).

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Anderssonoceras is a genus of small, smooth ammonites with a flared umbilical shoulder, like Prototoceras, assigned to the ceratitid family Anderssonoceratidae as the type, but once included in the Otoceratidae.

Arctohungarites is a genus of Triassic ammonoids now placed in the ceratitid family Danubitidae, but previously included in the Hungeritidae.

Badiotites is a genus of extinct ammonoid cephalopods belonging to the ceratitid family Badiotitidae. It was previously included with Lecanites in the Lecanitidae, a family formerly of the Clydonitaceae but reassigned by Tozer (1981) to the Danubitaceae. The Badiotitidae is included in the Ceratitaceae.

Dobrogeites is a genus of ammonoids from the order Ceratitida, included in the family Megaphyllitidae that produced evolute compressed planispiral shells with rounded venters, inner whorls ornamented as in Tirolites, outer whorls smooth, suture with multiple smooth lobes; Initially found in Anisian sediments in Romania.

Ceratitida Extinct order of molluscs

Ceratitida is an order that contains almost all ammonoid cephalopod genera from the Triassic as well as ancestral forms from the Upper Permian, the exception being the phylloceratids which gave rise to the great diversity of post Triassic ammonites.

Xenodiscoidea

Xenodiscoidea, formerly Xenodiscaceae, is a superfamily within the ammonoid order Ceratitida. The superfamily was named by Frech in 1902, presently contains ten families, only one of which was included in the original Otocerataceae of Hyatt, 1900, the remaining having been added.

Xenoceltitidae are evolute, generally ribbed, upper Lower Triassic Ceratitida with ceratitic or goniatitic sutures; formerly included in the Noritaceae but now placed in the Xenodiscaceae.

Paraceltitidae is a family of Middle and Upper Permian cephalopods, that comprise the earliest of the Ceratitida. Paraceltitidids have variably ribbed, discoidally evolute shells with compressed elliptical whorl sections and simple suture lines. Their origin is most likely in the Daraelitidae of the Prolecanitida and they are the apparent source of the Xenodiscidae. All together they lived for some 12 million years, from about 270.6 to about 258 million years ago.

Ammonitina Extinct suborder of ammonites

Ammonitina comprises a diverse suborder of ammonite cephalopods that lived during the Jurassic and Cretaceous periods of the Mesozoic Era. They are excellent index fossils, and it is often possible to link the rock layer in which they are found to specific geological time periods.

Clydonitoidea, formerly Clydonitaceae, is a superfamily in the ammonoid cephalopod order Ceratitida characterized by generally costate and turberculate shells with smooth, grooved, or keeled venters and sutures that are commonly ceratitic or ammonitic but goniatic in a few offshoots.

The Tropitidae is a family of Upper Triassic Ammonoidea belonging to the Tropitaceae, a superfamily of the Ceratitida

Perisphinctoidea Extinct superfamily of ammonites

Perisphinctoidea, formerly Perisphinctaceae, is a superfamily of Middle Jurassic (Bajocian) to Lower Cretaceous (Barremian) ammonites, commonly with evolute shells with strong ribbing that typically divides about mid flank before crossing the venter.

<i>Gymnites</i>

Gymnites is a genus of ammonoid cephalopod from the Middle Triassic belonging to the ceratitid family Gymnitidae. These nektonic carnivores lived during the Triassic period, Anisian age.

Gymnitidae Extinct family of ammonites

Gymnitidae is a family of Lower to Middle Triassic ammonite cephalopods with evolute, discoidal shells.

Hildoceratidae Extinct family of molluscs

Hildoceratidae is a family of ammonoid cephalopods from the Lower Jurassic, lower Pliensbachian to lower Bajocian substages, generally with strongly ribbed, involute shells. They are combined with the Hammatoceratidae, Graphoceratidae, and Sonniniidae to make up the Hildoceratoidea.

Perisphinctidae Extinct family of ammonites

Perisphinctidae is a family of Middle and Upper Jurassic discoidal ammonites in the order Ammonitida. They have a shell morphology that is mostly evolute, typically with biplicate, simple, or triplicate ribbing. Large forms have simple apertures and smooth body chambers while small forms have lappets and ribbed body chambers.

Hammatoceratoidea, formerly Hammatocerataceae was a superfamily of middle Jurassic ammonites erected by Schindewolf in 1964 that combined the families Graphoceratidae, Hammatoceratidae, and Sonniniidae. The three families were previously included in the Hildoceratoidea, however subsequent classifications have moved the families back into Hildoceratoidea.

Leymeriellidae is a family of Lower Cretaceous ammonites comprising rather small forms distinguished from Hoplitidae by their flattened and grooved ribs and virtual absence of umbilical tubercles. The family is derived from the Desmoceratidae. Leymeriella schrammeni anterior has evolved from Desmoceras keilhacki keilhacki.

Protrachyceras is a genus of ceratitid ammonoid cephalopods belonging to the family Trachyceratidae.

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