Chaenophryne longiceps

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Chaenophryne longiceps
Chaenophryne longiceps 2-transformed.jpeg
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Actinopterygii
Order: Lophiiformes
Family: Oneirodidae
Genus: Chaenophryne
Species:
C. longiceps
Binomial name
Chaenophryne longiceps
(Regan, 1925)
Synonyms [2]
  • Chaenophryne bicornis Regan & Trewavas, 1932
  • Chaenophryne crenata Regan & Trewavas, 1932
  • Chaenophryne crossotus Beebe, 1932
  • Chaenophryne haplactis Regan & Trewavas, 1932
  • Chaenophryne longiceps quadrifilis Parr, 1927
  • Chaenophryne quadrifilis Parr, 1927

Chaenophryne longiceps, the can-opener smoothdream, longhead dreamer or smooth-head dreamer, is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Oneirodidae, the dreamers, a family of deep sea anglerfishes. This predatory, deep-sea fish is found in tropical and subtropical oceans around the world. Like other deep-sea anglerfishes, it is sexually dimorphic with the metamorphosed females dwarfing the metamorphosed males, though the males are not sexual parasites.

Contents

Taxonomy

Chaenophryne longiceps was first formally described in 1925 by the English ichthyologist Charles Tate Regan with its type locality given as 7°30'N, 79°19'W, off the Gulf of Panama at a depth of 1,500 m (4,900 ft). [3] When Regan described this species he proposed the new genus Chaenophryne , so this species is the type species of that genus by monotypy. [4] The 5th edition of Fishes of the World classifies the genus Chaenophryne in the family Oneirodidae in the suborder Ceratioidei of the anglerfish order Lophiiformes. [5]

Etymology

Chaenophryne longiceps is the type species of the genus Chaenophryne, this name being a combination of chaeno, which means "gape", with phryne, meaning "toad". What this name alludes to was not explained by Regan, but the first part may refer to the wide mouth of C. longiceps. The second part is a suffix commonly used in the names of anglerfish genera. Its use for these fishes may date as far back as Aristotle and Cicero, who referred to anglerfishes as "fishing-frogs" and "sea-frogs," respectively, possibly because of their resemblance to frogs and toads. The specific name, longiceps, means "long head" and Regan described this species as having a long head with a recurved dorsal profile. [6]

Description

Chaenophryne longiceps has an obvious illicium which projects from the snout and a globose body. [7] There are between 6 and 8 soft rays in the dorsal fin, while the anal fin has 5 or 6 soft rays. [8] A distinguishing feature of the metamorphosed females of this species is that it has more pectoral fin rays, between 17 and 22 and typically no fewer than 18, in comparison to any other species in the genus Chaenophryne. [7] The esca elongate appendages at the sides of its front have internal pigmentation, varying in length from 10% of the length of the esca's bulb to being greater in length than the bulb. [8] The males are dwarfed and have between 17 and 22 denticles on the upper jaw and 23 to 27 on the lower lower jaw. The larvae, males and non-metamorphosed females have a group of melanophores beneath the skin on the caudal peduncle. [9] The maximum published length of this species is 24.5 cm (9.6 in). [8]

Habitat

Chaenophryne longiceps is a bathypelagic species, sometimes entering the mesopelagic zone, and it is found at at depths between 500 and 1,000 m (1,600 and 3,300 ft) in tropical to temperate parts of all the Earth's oceans. [8] In 2010 it was found off Greenland for the first time. [10]

Biology

Chaenophryne longiceps feeds on fish, cephalopods and crustaceans. [8] The males are around 1.8 cm (0.71 in) in length and attach themselves to the much larger females using the specialised denticles on outside of the jaws, but they are not sexually parasitic on the females. [7]

Related Research Articles

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Leftvents are a family, the Linophrynidae, of marine ray-finned fishes which is classified within the suborder Ceratioidei, the deep sea anglerfishes. These fishes are found in the Atlantic, Indian and Pacific Oceans.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Fanfin</span> Family of fishes

Fanfins or hairy anglerfish are a family, Caulophrynidae, of marine ray-finned fishes within the order Lophiiformes, the anglerfishes. The fishes in this family are found almost around the world in the deeper, aphotic waters of the oceans.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Oneirodidae</span> Family of fishes

Oneirodidae, the dreamers are a family of marine ray-finned fishes belonging to the order Lophiiformes, the anglerfishes. These fishes are deepwater fishes found in the Atlantic, Indian and Pacific Oceans, and it is the most diverse family of fishes in the bathypelagic zone.

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<i>Tyrannophryne</i> Monotypic genus of fish

Tyrannophryne is a monospecific genus of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Oneirodidae, the dreamers, a family of deep-sea anglerfishes. The only species in the genus is Tyrannophryne pugnax, the tyrant devil. Like other oneirodids, T. pugnax is a bathypelagic fish with a bioluminescent lure. It is known only from two adolescent female specimens, one caught in 1928 near Tahiti-Rarotonga, and the other in 1956 northwest of Bikini Atoll.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Black seadevil</span> Family of fishes

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<i>Borophryne</i> Species of fish

Borophryne apogon, the netdevil, or greedy seadevil, is a species of leftvent anglerfish known today from the waters of the eastern Pacific Ocean off the Central American coast. It is found at depths down to around 1,750 m (5,700 ft). This species grows to a length of 8.3 centimetres (3.3 in) TL. A fossil specimen of this species has been found in the Los Angeles Basin dating back to the Late Miocene, some eight million years ago.

<i>Chaenophryne</i> Genus of fishes

Chaenophryne is a genus of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Oneirodidae, the dreamers, a family of deep-sea anglerfishes. These predatory, deep-sea fishes are found in the tropical and subtropical oceans around the world. Like other deep-sea anglerfishes, they are sexually dimorphic, with the matamorphosed females dwarfing the metamorphosed males. The males are not sexual parasites.

Chirophryne is a monospecific genus of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Oneirodidae, the dreamers, a family of deep sea anglerfishes. The only species in the gneus is Chirophryne xenolophus, the longhand dreamer. This species is known from a few locations in the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans.

Ctenochirichthys is a monospecific genus of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Oneirodidae, the dreamers, a family of deep sea anglerfishes. The only species in the genus is Ctenochirichthys longimanus is known only from two locations, on in the Atlantic Ocean and the other in the Western Pacific Ocean.

<i>Danaphryne</i> Monotypic genus of fish

Danaphryne is a monospecific genus of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Oneirodidae, the dreamers, a family of deep sea anglerfishes. The only species in the genus is Danaphryne nigrifilis which is found in the tropical and temperate regions of all of the world's oceans.

Dolopichthys is a genus of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Oneirodidae, the dreamers, a family of deep sea anglerfishes. These predatory, deep-sea fishes are found in the tropical and subtropical oceans around the world.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Plainchin dreamarm</span> Species of fish

The plainchin dreamarm is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Oneirodidae, the dreamers, a family of deep sea anglerfishes. It is the only species in the monospecific genus Leptacanthichthys. This species occurs in the North Atlantic and North Pacific Oceans at depths down to 2,000 m (6,600 ft).

Microlophichthys microlophus, the short-rod anglerfish, is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Oneirodidae, the dreamers, a family of deep sea anglerfishes. This anglerfish is found in the deeper waters of the tropical and temperate oceans around the world.

Microlophichthys is a genus of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Oneirodidae, the dreamers, a family of deep sea anglerfishes. The species in this genus are found in the tropical and subtropical parts of the Atlantic, Indian and Pacific Oceans.

<i>Oneirodes</i> Genus of fishes

Oneirodes is a genus of is a genus of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Oneirodidae, the dreamers, a family of deep sea anglerfishes. These predatory, deep-sea fishes are found around the world. This is the type genus, and the most speciose genus, of the family Oneirodidae. They are sexually dimorphic but, like most taxa within their family, the small males are free living and are not sexual parasites on the larger females. Only the females are used to identify the species in this genus as no species specific charaxcters have been found for males.

<i>Pentherichthys</i> Monotypic genus of fish

Pentherichthys is a monospecific genus of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Oneirodidae, the dreamers, a family of deep-sea anglerfishes. The only species in the genus is Pentherichthys atratus which is found in the bathypelagic zones of the tropical and subtropical Atlantic, Indian and Pacific Oceans. The males of this species are dwarfed and are not parasitic on the females.

<i>Chaenophryne draco</i> Species of fish

Chaenophryne draco, the smooth dreamer, or smooth-headed dreamer, is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Oneirodidae, the dreamers, a family of deep-sea anglerfishes. This predatory, deep-sea fish is found in the tropical and subtropical oceans around the world. Like other deep-sea anglerfishes, it is sexually dimorphic, with the matamorphosed females dwarfing the metamorphosed males. The males are not sexual parasites.

Chaenophryne melanorhabdus is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Oneirodidae, the dreamers, a family of deep-sea anglerfishes. This predatory, deep-sea fish is found in the Pacific Ocean. Like other deep-sea anglerfishes, dreamers are sexually dimorphic, with the matamorphosed females dwarfing the metamorphosed males. The males are not sexual parasites.

<i>Acentrophryne longidens</i> Species of fish

Acentrophryne longidens is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Linophryidae, the leftvents, a family of deep sea anglerfishes. This species is only known from the eastern Pacific Ocean off the coast of Costa Rica and Panama.

References

  1. ↑ Richman, N. & Collen, B. (2010). "Chaenophryne longiceps". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2010: e.T154916A4666683. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2010-4.RLTS.T154916A4666683.en . Retrieved 7 July 2024.
  2. ↑ "WoRMS - World Register of Marine Species - Chaenophryne longiceps Regan, 1925". www.marinespecies.org.
  3. ↑ Eschmeyer, William N.; Fricke, Ron & van der Laan, Richard (eds.). "Species in the genus Chaenophryne". Catalog of Fishes . California Academy of Sciences . Retrieved 5 July 2024.
  4. ↑ Eschmeyer, William N.; Fricke, Ron & van der Laan, Richard (eds.). "Genera in the family Oneirodidae". Catalog of Fishes . California Academy of Sciences.
  5. ↑ Nelson, J.S.; Grande, T.C.; Wilson, M.V.H. (2016). Fishes of the World (5th ed.). Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons. pp. 508–518. doi:10.1002/9781119174844. ISBN   978-1-118-34233-6. LCCN   2015037522. OCLC   951899884. OL   25909650M.
  6. ↑ Christopher Scharpf (3 June 2024). "Order LOPHIIFORMES (part 2): Families CAULOPHRYNIDAE, NEOCERATIIDAE, MELANOCETIDAE, HIMANTOLOPHIDAE, DICERATIIDAE, ONEIRODIDAE, THAUMATICHTHYIDAE, CENTROPHRYNIDAE, CERATIIDAE, GIGANTACTINIDAE and LINOPHRYNIDAE". The ETYFish Project Fish Name Etymology Database. Christopher Scharpf. Retrieved 9 July 2024.
  7. 1 2 3 Mark McGrouther (20 March 2021). "Longhead Dreamer, Chaenophryne longiceps Regan, 1925". Australian Museum. Retrieved 9 July 2024.
  8. 1 2 3 4 5 Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.). "Chaenophryne longiceps". FishBase . February 2024 version.
  9. ↑ J.-C. Hureau. "Chaenophryne longiceps". Fishes of the Northeastern Atlantic and Mediterranean. Naturalis Biodiversity Center . Retrieved 9 July 2024.
  10. ↑ "'Longhead dreamer' angler fish". 27 April 2010.
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