Changjiang Plain evergreen forests

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Changjiang Plain evergreen forests
Hukou Shizhongshan 2019.04.27 09-10-44.jpg
River traffic on Yangtze River and Poyang Lake
Ecoregion PA0415.svg
Ecoregion territory (in purple)
Ecology
Realm Palearctic
Biome Temperate broadleaf and mixed forest
Geography
Area437,967 km2 (169,100 sq mi)
Countries China
Coordinates 30°30′N117°45′E / 30.500°N 117.750°E / 30.500; 117.750

The Changjiang Plain evergreen forests ecoregion (WWF ID: PA0415) covers the plain of the Yangtze River (Changjiang) from where it leaves the mountains at the Three Gorges in the west, to the mouth of the Yangtze at the East China Sea. This plain is one of the most densely populated areas on Earth, and most of the original oak and conifer forests have long been converted to agriculture. Extensive wetlands, however, provide habitat for migratory waterfowl and for diverse aquatic species. [1] [2]

Contents

Location and description

The Yangtze River Plain stretches 1,000 km from the Three Gorges to the sea. The terrain is mostly flat or low alluvial hills, with numerous shallow lakes. Large lakes include Poyang Lake, the largest freshwater lake in China, and Dongting Lake which was formerly the largest but has seen significant conversion to farmland over the years. The floodplain lakes grow and shrink dramatically with the seasons - Dongting Lake grows from 3,700 km2 to 13,000 km2 in the summer (and its depth increases by 10 meters).

Climate

The climate of the ecoregion is Humid subtropical climate, warm wet summer (Köppen climate classification (Cfa)). This climate is characterized by large seasonal temperature differentials. No month averages below 0 °C (32 °F), at least one month averages above 22 °C (72 °F), and four months average over 10 °C (50 °F). Precipitation is relatively even throughout the year. [3] [4]

Flora and fauna

Wetlands in Poyang Lake National Wetland Park Poyang Baishazhou 2017.11.25 14-42-59.jpg
Wetlands in Poyang Lake National Wetland Park

The plain was once home to extensive evergreen oak (Cyclobalanopsis) or chinquapin ( Castanopsis ) forests and both forests are predominant by these trees, Cathaya argyrophylla , Taiwania flousiana , Cyathea spinulosa , Sassafras tzumu , Metasequoia glyptostroboides , Glyptostrobus pensilis , Davidia involucrata , Tetracentron , Cercidiphyllum japonicum , Emmenopterys henryi , Eucommia ulmoides , Castanea mollissima , Quercus myrsinifolia , Quercus acuta , Quercus glauca , Ilex integra , Machilus thunbergii , Juglans regia , Larix gmelinii , Juglans regia , Larix sibirica , Larix × czekanowskii , Betula dahurica , Betula pendula , Pinus koraiensis , Pinus sibirica , Pinus sylvestris , Picea obovata , Abies sibirica , Quercus acutissima , Quercus mongolica , Ginkgo biloba , Prunus serrulata , Prunus padus , Tilia amurensis , Salix babylonica , Acer palmatum , Populus tremula , Ulmus davidiana , Ulmus pumila , Pinus pumila , Haloxylon ammodendron , Elaeagnus angustifolia , Tamarix ramosissima , Prunus sibirica , Cinnamomum cassia , Durio zibethinus , Garcinia mangostana , Artocarpus heterophyllus , Ficus benghalensis , Gnetum gnemon , Mangifera indica , Toona ciliata , Toona sinensis , Cocos nucifera , Tetrameles nudiflora , Shorea robusta , Camphora officinarum , Tsuga dumosa , Ulmus lanceifolia , Tectona grandis , Terminalia elliptica , and Terminalia bellirica ; but the flat areas have mostly been converted to rice paddies. Better drained hills once supported conifers, but these areas are now mostly scrub or developed. Seasonal flooding of the river and surrounding wetlands provide habitat for waterfowl and aquatic life.

Aquatic life includes endangered species, such as the Chinese sturgeon ( Acipenser sinensis ) and the Chinese alligator ( Alligator sinensis ).

See also

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References

  1. "Chainjiang Plain evergreen forests". World Wildlife Federation. Retrieved February 23, 2020.
  2. "Map of Ecoregions 2017". Resolve, using WWF data. Retrieved September 14, 2019.
  3. Kottek, M.; Grieser, J.; Beck, C.; Rudolf, B.; Rubel, F. (2006). "World Map of Koppen-Geiger Climate Classification Updated" (PDF). Gebrüder Borntraeger 2006. Retrieved September 14, 2019.
  4. "Dataset - Koppen climate classifications". World Bank. Retrieved September 14, 2019.