Prunus sibirica

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Prunus sibirica
Abrikos sibirskii.jpg
Prunus sibirica fruit
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Rosids
Order: Rosales
Family: Rosaceae
Genus: Prunus
Subgenus: Prunus subg. Prunus
Section: Prunus sect. Armeniaca
Species:
P. sibirica
Binomial name
Prunus sibirica
L.
Synonyms [2]
  • Armeniaca sibirica (L.) Lam.

Prunus sibirica, commonly known as Siberian apricot, is a species of shrub or small tree native to northern China, Korea, Mongolia, and eastern Siberia. It is classified in the rose family, Rosaceae, and is one of several species whose fruit are called apricot, although this species is rarely cultivated for its fruit. The species was named by Carl Linnaeus in 1753. [2]

Contents

Description

The species is highly genetically diverse. [3] It grows in the form of a small tree with spreading branches and reaches a height of 3 meters (10 ft). [4] It is very frost resistant and can survive temperatures down to −45 °C (−49 °F). [5] [6]

The tree's bark is dark grey, while the bark of the branches is reddish to dark brown, sparsely hairy at first, but soon glabrous. The reddish-brown winter buds are ovoid to conical, 2–4 mm long and the edges of the bud scales are hairy. [4] [7] [8]

The simple leaves have stipules. [4] [7] [8] The petiole of the leaves is initially hairy, but soon bald, and is red with a length of 2 to 3.5 cm and few if any glands. The simple, ovate to almost circular, pointed leaf blade has a length of 5 to 10 centimeters and a width of 3 to 7 centimeters with a rounded to heart-shaped base. Leaf surfaces are initially reddish, hairy and downy, later glossy green and glabrous. The leaf edge is serrate (not double serrate).

Blossoms appear in early spring as solitary flowers. The flower stalk is about 1 to 2 mm long, and the bell-shaped flower cup is purple outside and hairy at the base, glabrous, or slightly downy. The flowers are hermaphrodite, with a diameter of 1.5 to 3.5 cm. The five free petals, almost circular to ovoid in shape, are white with pink veins. The many free stamens are nearly as long as the petals. [4] [7] [8]

The fruits, maturing in early- to mid-summer, [4] [7] [8] are yellow to orange-red, but on the side facing the sun they are reddish. The dry and densely textured flesh (mesocarp) easily separates from the stone (endocarp) and opens along the ventral suture at full maturity. It may be only 2.5 to 3 mm thick. The compressed spherical stone inside the fruit has a smooth surface, and a diameter of 1.2 to 2.5 centimeters. The seed inside is hardly edible and somewhat bitter.

Uses

Seed oil from P. sibirica has been studied as a source of biodiesel. [9] [10] The oil content of Prunus mandshurica seeds is significantly higher and also has potential as a source of biodiesel. [11]

Varieties

Four varieties have been recognized (under the species name Armeniaca sibirica): [7]

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Apricot</span> Cultivated fruit

An apricot is a fruit, or the tree that bears the fruit, of several species in the genus Prunus.

<i>Prunus armeniaca</i> Species of apricot

Prunus armeniaca is the most commonly cultivated apricot species. The native range is somewhat uncertain due to its extensive prehistoric cultivation. Genetic studies indicate Central Asia is the center of origin. It is extensively cultivated in many countries and has escaped into the wild in many places.

<i>Rudbeckia fulgida</i> Species of flowering plant

Rudbeckia fulgida, the orange coneflower or perennial coneflower, is a species of flowering plant in the family Asteraceae, native to eastern North America.

<i>Rosa chinensis</i> Species of flowering plant

Rosa chinensis, known commonly as the China rose, Chinese rose, or Bengal rose, is a member of the genus Rosa native to Southwest China in Guizhou, Hubei, and Sichuan Provinces. The first publication of Rosa chinensis was in 1768 by Nikolaus Joseph von Jacquin in Observationum Botanicarum, 3, p. 7 & plate 55.

<i>Quercus aliena</i> Species of oak tree

Quercus aliena, the galcham oak or oriental white oak, is a species of oak in the family Fagaceae, in the white oak section Quercus.

<i>Prunus <span style="font-style:normal;">subg.</span> Prunus</i> Subgenus of plants

Prunus subg. Prunus is a subgenus of Prunus. This subgenus includes plums, apricots and bush cherries. Some species conventionally included in Prunus subg. Amygdalus are clustered with plum/apricot species according to molecular phylogenetic studies. Shi et al. (2013) has incorporated subg. Amygdalus into subg. Prunus, thereby including almonds and peaches in this subgenus. The species in this subgenus have solitary flowers or 2–3 in a fascicle.

<i>Prunus mandshurica</i> Tree in the genus Prunus

Prunus mandshurica, also called Manchurian apricot and scout apricot, is a tree in the genus Prunus.

Prunus mugus is a species of cherry found in Yunnan province of China and nearby areas of Myanmar and Tibet. A prostrate shrub 1 m tall, it prefers to grow in thickets in the krummholz zone on mountain slopes from 3200 to 3,700 m or even 4,075 m (13,400 ft) above sea level. Heinrich von Handel-Mazzetti, who discovered it, named the species after Pinus mugo, the dwarf mountain pine.

<i>Salix argyracea</i> Salix argyracea common name

Salix argyracea is a large shrub from the genus of willow (Salix) with up to 10 centimeters long leaf blades with a felty hairy and shiny underside. The natural range of the species is in Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, and China.

Salix balfouriana is a shrub or small tree from the genus of willow (Salix) with reddish black and tomentose hairy young twigs and up to 8 leaf blades, rarely 18 centimeters long. The natural range of the species is in China.

Salix annulifera is a small shrub from the genus of the willow (Salix) with up to 8 centimeter long leaf blades. The natural range of the species is in China.

Salix atopantha is a small shrub from the genus of the willow (Salix) with up to 4 centimeters long, dull brown leaf blades on top. The natural range of the species is in China.

Salix chienii is a large shrub or small tree in the willow genus Salix with initially light green and tomentose hairy and later reddish brown and balding branches. The leaf blades have lengths of 2 to 3.5 sometimes 5.5 centimeters. The natural range of the species is in China.

Salix chikungensis is a shrub in the willow genus Salix with tomentose hairy and later balding branches. The leaf blades have lengths of 6 to 8.5 centimeters. The natural range of the species is in China.

Salix chingiana is a small tree in the willow genus Salix with dull purple-colored, bare branches. The stipules are permanent, the leaf blades are 7 to 10 centimeters long. The natural range of the species is in China.

<i>Salix cheilophila</i> Salix cheilophila common name

Salix cheilophila is a shrub or small tree from the genus of willow (Salix) with initially tomentose hairy and later balding branches. The leaf blades have lengths of 2.5 to sometimes 6 centimeters. The natural range of the species is in China.

Salix daltoniana is a shrub or small tree from the genus of the willow with mostly 4.5 to 9 centimeters long leaf blades. The natural range of the species is in India, Nepal, Bhutan, and in Tibet.

Salix delavayana is a shrub or small tree from the genus willow (Salix) with mostly 3 to 8 centimeters long leaf blades. The natural range of the species is in the south of China and in Tibet.

Salix dissa is a low shrub from the genus willow (Salix) with usually 1 to 3 centimeters long leaf blades. The natural range of the species is in China.

<i>Salix eriostachya</i> Salix eriostachya common name

Salix eriostachya is a species from the genus of willows (Salix) and grows as a shrub. The leaf blades are 4 to 11 centimeters long. The natural range of the species is in India, Nepal, and China.

References

  1. ↑ Rhodes, L.; Pollard, R.P.; Maxted, N. (2020). "Armeniaca sibirica". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2020: e.T50026571A50026610. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-1.RLTS.T50026571A50026610.en . Retrieved 9 February 2023.
  2. 1 2 "Prunus sibirica". Germplasm Resources Information Network . Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture . Retrieved January 29, 2014.
  3. ↑ Li, M.; Zhao, Z.; Miao, X.; Zhou, J. (2013). "Genetic Diversity and Population Structure of Siberian Apricot (Prunus sibirica L.) in China". International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 15 (1): 377–400. doi: 10.3390/ijms15010377 . PMC   3907815 . PMID   24384840.
  4. 1 2 3 4 5 "Pyrus sibirica L." Plants for a Future. Retrieved January 29, 2014.
  5. ↑ Hanelt, Peter; Büttner, R. (2001). Mansfeld's Encyclopedia of Agricultural and Horticultural Crops. Berlin: Springer-Verlag. p. 526. ISBN   3-540-41017-1.
  6. ↑ "Prunus sibirica Siberian Apricot PFAF Plant Database".
  7. 1 2 3 4 5 Lingdi, Lu; Bartholomew, Bruce (2003). "Armeniaca". Flora of China (PDF). Vol. 9. pp. 396–401.
  8. 1 2 3 4 Bailey, L. H. (1895). "Russian Apricot". American Gardening. Vol. 11. New York: Rural Publishing Company. pp. 645–646.
  9. ↑ Wang, Libing; Yu, H. (2012). "Biodiesel from Siberian Apricot (Prunus sibirica L.) Seed Kernel Oil". Bioresource Technology. 112: 355–358. doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2012.02.120. PMID   22440572.
  10. ↑ Acton, Ashton (2013). Issues in Fossil Fuel Energy Technologies. Atlanta: Scholarly Editions. p. 424. ISBN   978-1-490-10684-7.
  11. ↑ Wang, Libing (2013). "Properties of Manchurian apricot (Prunus mandshurica Skv.) and Siberian apricot (Prunus sibirica L.) Seed Kernel Oils and Evaluation as Biodiesel Feedstocks". Industrial Crops and Products. 50: 838–843. doi:10.1016/j.indcrop.2013.08.072.
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