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Charles Roden Buxton | |
---|---|
Member of Parliament for Elland | |
In office 30 May 1929 –7 October 1931 | |
Preceded by | William C. Robinson |
Succeeded by | Thomas Levy |
Member of Parliament for Accrington | |
In office 15 November 1922 –16 November 1923 | |
Preceded by | Ernest Gray |
Succeeded by | J. Hugh Edwards |
Member of Parliament for Ashburton | |
In office January 1910 –December 1910 | |
Preceded by | Ernest Morrison-Bell |
Succeeded by | Ernest Morrison-Bell |
Personal details | |
Born | London,England | 27 November 1875
Died | 16 December 1942 67) Peaslake,Surrey,England | (aged
Political party | Liberal (until 1917) Labour (from 1917) |
Other political affiliations | Independent Labour Party |
Spouses | |
Children | 2 |
Charles Roden Buxton (27 November 1875 – 16 December 1942) was an English philanthropist and radical British Liberal Party politician who later joined the Labour Party. He survived an assassination attempt during a mission to the Balkans in 1914.
He was born in London, the third son of Sir Thomas Buxton, 3rd Baronet. His elder brother Noel Buxton was a prominent figure in British politics, as was his cousin Sidney Buxton.
He grew up on the family estate in Essex and was educated at Harrow and Trinity College, Cambridge, taking a first in Classics and becoming president of the Cambridge Union. [1] After leaving university he travelled to South Australia, where his father was Governor, as well as other locations in France, the Far East, India and America.
He took up law and was called to the bar in 1902. He gave lectures at Morley College and was principal there from 1902 to 1910. He wrote articles on various subjects and edited the Albany Review from 1906 to 1908.
In 1904 he married Dorothy Frances Jebb. The Jebbs, apart from being a well-off family, also had a strong social conscience and commitment to public service; her mother, Eglantyne Louisa Jebb, had founded the Home Arts and Industries Association, to promote Arts and Crafts among young people in rural areas, her sister Louisa would help found the Women's Land Army in World War I, and Dorothy and her sister Eglantyne Jebb co-founded the international charity and movement Save the Children.
The Buxtons lived a frugal lifestyle - on their walking tours in the south of England, they were sometimes mistaken for tramps - and moved to Kennington, a working class area of London. They had two children and later moved to the more affluent area of Golders Green.
This section needs additional citations for verification .(January 2023) |
He stood as a Liberal candidate in Hertford in 1906 and Ashburton in 1908. Eventually he was elected as a Member of Parliament in Ashburton in 1910 but lost his seat in the second election of that year. In 1914 he, along with his brother Noel, made his way to Bulgaria. They had stopped in Bucharest, Romania in October 1914. While there, an assassination attempt was made on them, by Turkish activist, Hasan Tahsin. He was shot through the lung, but survived. His brother also was wounded in the jaw. Tashsin was captured and sent to prison for five years. [2] : 74–75
During the First World War, he was one of the minority arguing for a negotiated peace and was a founder member of the Union of Democratic Control.
In 1917, he left the Liberal Party and joined the Independent Labour Party (ILP). As secretary to the Labour Party's delegation to the Soviet Union in 1920, he was very impressed by what he saw, and wrote a book about it, In A Russian Village (1922). [3]
1918 he contested Accrington for the Labour Party and lost, won the seat in 1922, and lost again in 1923. He won the seat of Elland in 1929, but was defeated in 1931 and 1935.[ citation needed ]
Buxton was always much more effective behind the scenes, acting as policy advisor on foreign and colonial issues to the Labour Party. He showed particular interest in the rights of indigenous people of Africa, and travelled widely in the continent.[ citation needed ]
Another of his interests was Esperanto, becoming president of the international society of Quaker Esperantists. [4]
With Dorothy, he became a member of the Society of Friends. They were eager campaigners for peace, and were critical of what they perceived as the unfairness to Germany of the treaty of Versailles. Shortly before the outbreak of World War II they still argued that peace could be attained by responding to German grievances. The outbreak of war was a great disappointment to them both.[ citation needed ]
Charles retired from politics in 1939 and lived in his daughter's house in Peaslake, Surrey, where he died and was buried in 1942. Although he had two children, he left most of his estate to charity.
Philip John Noel-Baker, Baron Noel-Baker,, born Philip John Baker, was a British politician, diplomat, academic, athlete, and renowned campaigner for disarmament. He carried the British team flag and won a silver medal for the 1500m at the 1920 Summer Olympics in Antwerp, and received the Nobel Peace Prize in 1959.
Richard Jebb was an English journalist and author in the field of Empire and colonial nationalism.
Roden Berkeley Wriothesley Noel, also known as Noël, was an English poet. He was a Cambridge Apostle.
Conrad le Despenser Roden Noel was an English priest of the Church of England. Known as the 'Red Vicar' of Thaxted, he was a prominent Christian socialist.
Sir Thomas Fowell Buxton, 3rd Baronet,, commonly known as Sir Fowell Buxton, was the Governor of South Australia from 29 October 1895 until 29 March 1899. He was the grandson of Sir Thomas Fowell Buxton, a British MP and social reformer, and the son of Sir Edward North Buxton, also an MP.
Eglantyne Jebb was a British social reformer who founded the Save the Children organisation at the end of the First World War to relieve the effects of famine in Austria-Hungary and Germany. She drafted the document that became the Declaration of the Rights of the Child.
Noel Edward Noel-Buxton, 1st Baron Noel-Buxton, PC was a British Liberal and later Labour politician. He served as Minister of Agriculture and Fisheries under Ramsay MacDonald in 1924 and between 1929 and 1930.
Eglantyne Louisa Jebb was an Anglo-Irish social reformer. A keen supporter of the arts and crafts movement, in 1884 she founded the Home Arts and Industries Association as a way of reviving country crafts and overcoming rural poverty.
Hasan Tahsin was the code name of Osman Nevres, a Turkish nationalist, patriot, and journalist of Dönmeh descent.
Lucy Edith Noel-Buxton, Baroness Noel-Buxton was a British Labour Party politician.
The 1908 Ashburton by-election was a by-election held in England on 17 January 1908 to elect a new Member of Parliament (MP) for the British House of Commons constituency of Ashburton in Devon.
Sir Thomas Fowell Victor Buxton, 4th Baronet, JP was a British aristocrat and philanthropist.
Percival Arland Ussher was an Anglo-Irish academic, essayist and translator.
Maurice Alexander, was a Canadian barrister and soldier who later moved to England and had careers in the Diplomatic Service, English law and politics.
Temuka was a parliamentary electorate in the Canterbury region of New Zealand from 1911 to 1946. The electorate was represented by four Members of Parliament.
Dorothy Frances Buxton was an English humanitarian, social activist and commentator on Germany.
The 1930 North Norfolk by-election was held on 9 July 1930. The by-election was held due to the elevation to the peerage of the incumbent Labour MP, Noel Buxton. It was held for the Labour Party by his wife, Lucy Noel-Buxton.
David Roden Buxton FSA was an entomologist and employee of the British Council. He is best known for his books on Russian architecture, the ancient churches of Ethiopia, and the wooden churches of Eastern Europe.
Lewis Bernard Golden was a British charity administrator and first general secretary of Save the Children Fund from 1920 to 1937.
Louisa Wilkins OBE, also known as Mrs Roland Wilkins was a British writer and agricultural administrator. She was involved in the creation and recruitment for the Women's Land Army during World War One. She was an enthusiast for small holdings and after the war she inspired the creation of a small holding co-operative for women who had entered agriculture during the war.