| Cicendia filiformis | |
|---|---|
 | |
Scientific classification  | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Tracheophytes |
| Clade: | Angiosperms |
| Clade: | Eudicots |
| Clade: | Asterids |
| Order: | Gentianales |
| Family: | Gentianaceae |
| Genus: | Cicendia |
| Species: | C. filiformis |
| Binomial name | |
| Cicendia filiformis (L.) Delabre, 1800 [2] | |
Cicendia filiformis, also called yellow centaury or slender cicendia, [3] [4] is a species of flowering planet of the family Gentianaceae .
C. filiformis grows to between 2-12cm in height with linear leaves 2-6mm long. The flowers are yellow (but can be tinged with pink), have four petals and only open in sunlight. [5]
C. filiformis is found around seasonally-flooded pools, alongside rutted tracks, and growing on heathlands of acid grassland with sandy or peaty soils. [5] [6] It grows best in areas where there are also free-roming grazing animals and few competitive species. [6] C. filiformis tends to be found alongside several other species of declining plants including three-lobed water-crowfoot ( Ranunculus tripartitus ), chaffweed ( Anagallis minima ), allseed ( Radiola linoides ), and pillwort ( Pilularia globulifera ). [5]
C. filiformis is most commonly found in Western and Mediterranean Europe. [7] It can also be found in southern parts of Australia. [4]
Within the United Kingdom, C. filiformis is generally restricted to heathlands in Cornwall, Devon, Dorset, the New Forest, the Sussex Weald and parts of St David's Peninsula in Pembrokeshire. It has become "extremely rare" in Devon and Sussex and "rapidly declining" in Cornwall and Dorset. The last remaining areas where C. filiformis is widespread are the Lizard in Cornwall and the New Forest. [5]
There were major losses in C. filiformis before 1930, most notably in Cornwall, followed by steady decline, thanks to the loss of its key habitat areas. [8]
A heath is a shrubland habitat found mainly on free-draining infertile, acidic soils and characterised by open, low-growing woody vegetation. Moorland is generally related to high-ground heaths with—especially in Great Britain—a cooler and damper climate.
The pearl-bordered fritillary is a butterfly of the family Nymphalidae found in Europe and through Russia across the Palearctic to the north of Kazakhstan.
Fabriciana adippe, the high brown fritillary, is a large and brightly colored butterfly of the family Nymphalidae, native to Europe and across the Palearctic to Japan. It is known for being Great Britain's most threatened butterfly and is listed as a vulnerable species under the Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981. Like other fritillaries it is dependent on warm climates with violet rich flora.
The heath fritillary is a butterfly of the family Nymphalidae. It is found throughout the Palaearctic from western Europe to Japan, in heathland, grassland, and in coppiced woodland. Its association with coppiced woodland earned it the name "woodman's follower" in parts of the UK. It is considered a threatened species in the UK and Germany, but not Europe-wide or globally.
Goss Moor is a national nature reserve in Cornwall, England, 12 kilometres (7.5 mi) south-west of Bodmin in the parishes of St Dennis, St Columb Major, Roche and St Enoder. It is the largest continuous mire complex in south-west Britain and consists of mainly peatland and lowland heath. Together with the neighbouring moor to the east, it forms the Goss And Tregoss Moors Site of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI), as well as the Breney Common and Goss and Tregoss Moors Special Area of Conservation (SAC).
The Culm Measures are a thick sequence of geological strata originating during the Carboniferous Period that occur in south-west England, principally in Devon and Cornwall, now known as the Culm Supergroup. Its estimated thickness varies between 3600 m and 4750 m though intense folding complicates it at outcrop. They are so called because of the occasional presence in the Barnstaple–Hartland area of a soft, often lenticular, sooty coal, which is known in Devon as culm. The word culm may be derived from the Old English word for coal col or from the Welsh word cwlwm meaning knot.
Cornwall is the county that forms the tip of the southwestern peninsula of England; this area has a mild and warm climate regulated by the Gulf Stream. The mild climate allows rich plant cover, such as palm trees in the far south and west of the county and in the Isles of Scilly, due to sub-tropical conditions in the summer.
Lowland heath is a Biodiversity Action Plan habitat as it is a type of ancient wild landscape. Natural England's Environmental Stewardship scheme describes lowland heath as containing dry heath, wet heath and valley mire communities, usually below 250 metres (820 ft) in altitude, on acidic soils and shallow peat, typically comprising heathers, gorses, fine grasses, wild flowers and lichens in a complex mosaic. Heathers and other dwarf shrubs usually account for at least 25% of the ground cover. By contrast, upland heath, which is above 300 metres (980 ft) in altitude, is called moorland, Dartmoor being an example.
Grevillea scapigera, commonly known as Corrigin grevillea, is a small shrub which is endemic to a small area of the Wheatbelt region in Western Australia. In 1987 it was listed as was declared as Rare Flora under the Western Australian Wildlife Conservation Act 1950 then listed as Critically endangered in 1995. According to the Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 it is listed as endangered as a result of its lack of critical habitat, habitat fragmentation, seed predation, weeds, rabbits and salinity.
Physaria filiformis is a rare species of flowering plant in the family Brassicaceae known by the common names Missouri bladderpod and limestone glade bladderpod. It is native to Missouri and Arkansas in the United States. It was federally listed as an endangered species in 1987 and it was downlisted to threatened status in 2003. P. filiformis remains listed as an endangered species at the state level in Missouri.
Steeple Point to Marsland Mouth is a coastal Site of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI) in Cornwall, England, UK, noted for its biological characteristics.
Godrevy Head to St Agnes is a coastal Site of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI) in north Cornwall, UK, noted for both its biological and geological characteristics. A number of rare and scarce plant species can be found on the site, along with many breeding seabirds.
Ventongimps Moor is a moorland nature reserve and Site of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI), noted for its biological characteristics, in mid Cornwall, England, United Kingdom. The site, important for the occurrence of the plant Dorset heath, was the first reserve to be purchased by the Cornwall Wildlife Trust.
Centaurium pulchellum is a species of flowering plant in the gentian family known by the common name lesser centaury, or slender centaury. It differs from Centaurium erythraea by lacking basal rosette of leaves and by having a developed peduncle below the flowers. It is often much smaller, less than ten centimetres. It is native to the southern temperate parts of Europe.
Chyenhal Moor is a poorly drained shallow valley, 2 miles (3.2 km) to the south-west of Penzance, Cornwall. Due to several rare plants in a diverse range of habitats, it was notified as a Site of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI) in 1951.
Persoonia filiformis is a species of flowering plant in the family Proteaceae and is endemic to the south-west of Western Australia. It is a small, erect shrub with hairy young branchlets, linear leaves and greenish yellow flowers borne singly or in groups of up to twenty on a rachis up to 30 mm (1.2 in) long.
Leptinella filiformis, or slender button daisy, is a species of flowering plant in the daisy family, found only in the north-eastern part of the South Island of New Zealand. Thought to be extinct by the 1980s, it was rediscovered growing on a hotel lawn in 1998, and in the wild in 2015.
Viola lactea, also known by its common name pale dog violet, is a species of flowering planet of the family Violaceae.
Ranunculus tripartitus, three-lobed crowfoot, is a species of flowering plant in the family Ranunculaceae, which grows in pools and muddy hollows in coastal parts of Europe, North Africa and West Asia. It is rare and endangered throughout its range, and is considered to be an indicator of favourable environmental conditions.
