Cicindela patruela

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Cicindela patruela
Cicindela patruela.jpg
Status TNC G3.svg
Vulnerable  (NatureServe)
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Class: Insecta
Order: Coleoptera
Family: Cicindelidae
Genus: Cicindela
Species:
C. patruela
Binomial name
Cicindela patruela
Dejean, 1825


Cicindela patruela, the northern barrens tiger beetle, is a species of tiger beetle (family Cicindelidae) found in eastern North America. Due to their specific habitat requirements as well as human involvement, populations of this species have declined significantly in several regions, including most of New England, Ontario, and Quebec. [1]

Contents

Taxonomy

Cicindela patruela is a member of the large genus Cicindela. Two subspecies of C. patruela have been recognized:

Cicindela patruela constenantea Dejean,1825. Found primarily in the New Jersey Pine Barrens. [2]

Cicindela patruela patruela Dejean, 1825. Found throughout the same range as C. patruela. [3]

Description

Adult beetles are medium sized, often with a length between 12 and 15 millimeters. They are metallic green with ivory bands emerging from the radial field of their elytra. The middlemost band typically transverses the elytra. Cicindela patruela constenantea is metallic black, with the same ivory banding pattern. [4]

The larvae of this species resemble other Cicindela larvae, with a whitish body and a sclerotized head with large mandibles that are used to capture prey.

Life history

Cicindela patruela has a two year life cycle. Adults will mate and lay eggs during May and June, eventually dying by July. The eggs will hatch in July, and larvae will burrow underground after hatching. At this stage, larvae are carnivorous and will eat prey that pass by their burrow. Larvae will remain subterranean until the following spring, where they will emerge as adults. [3]  

Habitat and distribution

Cicindela patruela has very specific habitat requirements. They can be found in pine or oak barrens, savannahs dominated by pine and oak trees, and areas containing lichen, moss, and/or eroded sandstone. [5]

While C. patruela has been found in multiple states and provinces across eastern North America, they are only present in small, isolated areas in this region. Cicindela patruela can be found in the New Jersey pine barrens, the Shawangunk mountains in New York, Pinery Provincial Park in southern Ontario, certain regions of the Appalachian mountains, the Valley-and-Ridge of Maryland, and other specific areas in the Northeast. This species can also be found in Minnesota, Wisconsin, and Michigan. [5]

Conservation efforts

Cincindela patruela has been listed as “Vulnerable” by NatureServe. Several previously recorded populations of this species have declined significantly or have been fully extirpated throughout the east coast, particularly in Minnesota, New York, Maryland, Ontario, and Quebec. The species has not been reviewed by IUCN. In 2009, the government of Canada deemed the species endangered. A recovery strategy for the beetle was released in 2021, intending to conserve and recover their populations in Quebec and Ontario. [6]

A prominent threat of extinction for Cicindela patruela is the suppression of natural groundfires. These seasonal fires lead to a more open habitat, which allows the beetle to hunt more effectively. When these fires are suppressed by human interference, this negatively alters their required microhabitat. [7] Other threats impacting this species include ATV usage, pesticide usage, and logging. [3]

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Tiger beetle</span> Family of beetles

Tiger beetles are a family of beetles, Cicindelidae, known for their aggressive predatory habits and running speed. The fastest known species of tiger beetle, Rivacindela hudsoni, can run at a speed of 9 km/h, or about 125 body lengths per second. As of 2005, about 2,600 species and subspecies were known, with the richest diversity in the Oriental (Indo-Malayan) region, followed by the Neotropics. While historically treated as a subfamily of ground beetles (Carabidae) under the name Cicindelinae, several studies since 2020 indicated that they should be treated as a family, the Cicindelidae, which are a sister group to Carabidae within the Adephaga.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Buprestidae</span> Family of insects

Buprestidae is a family of beetles known as jewel beetles or metallic wood-boring beetles because of their glossy iridescent colors. Larvae of this family are known as flatheaded borers. The family is among the largest of the beetles, with some 15,500 species known in 775 genera. In addition, almost 100 fossil species have been described.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Dermestidae</span> Family of beetles

Dermestidae are a family of Coleoptera that are commonly referred to as skin beetles. Other common names include larder beetle, hide or leather beetles, carpet beetles, and khapra beetles. There are over 1,800 species described.

<i>Cicindela sexguttata</i> Species of beetle

The six-spotted tiger beetle, also known as the six-spotted green tiger beetle, is a common North American species of Tiger beetles in the Cicindelinae subfamily. It is common in many areas of the states, and is well known. It is recognized for its bright green color and its flight pattern. The beetle is largely harmless to humans and may live as long as three years.

<i>Cicindela</i> Common tiger beetles

Cicindela, commonly known as common tiger beetles, are generally brightly colored and metallic beetles, often with some sort of patterning of ivory or cream-colored markings. They are most abundant and diverse in habitats very often near bodies of water with sandy or occasionally clay soils; they can be found along rivers, sea and lake shores, sand dunes, around dry lakebeds, on clay banks, or woodland paths.

<i>Neocicindela tuberculata</i> Species of beetle

Neocicindela tuberculata is a species of tiger beetle in the family Cicindelidae, endemic to New Zealand. Its common names include common tiger beetle, moeone, and papapa, and in its laval stage penny doctor, butcher boy, kapuku, kui, kurikuri, moeone, and muremure. Neocicindela tuberculata was the first carabid beetle described from New Zealand. The species can run as fast as 5 miles per hour and are considered to be the fastest running beetles. Adult species prefer clay banks in summer and are good predators when in comes to insects.

<i>Cicindela ohlone</i> Species of beetle

Cicindela ohlone, the Ohlone tiger beetle, is endemic to California. It was discovered in 1987 and named and described in 1993. C. ohlone is most closely related to Cicindela purpurea.

<i>Cicindela puritana</i> Species of beetle

The Puritan tiger beetle is a tiger beetle found in North America. Puritan tiger beetles are found in sandy beaches and rocky cliffs along rivers in Massachusetts, Maryland, and Connecticut. Little is known about this species due to its small geographic range and quickly disappearing populations.

<i>Cicindela hybrida</i> Species of beetle

Cicindela hybrida, also known as the northern dune tiger beetle, has a wide distribution in the Palaearctic region. Cicindela hybrida hybrida is common in Central Europe, even in artificial habitats.

<i>Cicindela campestris</i> Species of beetle

Cicindela campestris, commonly called the green tiger beetle, is a widespread Eurasian species of tiger beetle. It is the type species of the large genus Cicindela.

<i>Cicindela duodecimguttata</i> Species of beetle

Cicindela duodecimguttataDejean, commonly known as the twelve-spotted tiger beetle, is a species of tiger beetle that is 12–15 millimetres (0.47–0.59 in) long and is dark brown to black. In most of the beetles in the species, there are twelve spots on the elytra. The species widespread throughout eastern North America are commonly found in wet habitats along rivers, moist trails, roads, and paths.

Howard P. Boyd was an entomologist, botanist, editor, teacher, photographer, filmmaker, writer, and naturalist, best known for his close association with the Pine Barrens of New Jersey spanning more than 70 years.

<i>Cicindela albissima</i> Species of beetle

Cicindela albissima, commonly called the Coral Pink Sand Dunes tiger beetle is a species of tiger beetle endemic to Coral Pink Sand Dunes State Park in southern Utah, United States. It was originally described by Rumpp in 1962 as the subspecies Cicindela limbata albissima, but mitochondrial DNA, along with the species' morphological and geographical distinctiveness, have shown that it is a separate species. C. albissima can be distinguished from other Cicindela species by its restricted range and lack of pigmentation on its elytra.

Cicindela denikei, Laurentian tiger beetle is a species of tiger beetle in the Cicindelinae subfamily that can be found in Minnesota, Manitoba, and Ontario. The species have green coloured elytron and is 13–15 millimetres (0.51–0.59 in) long. It can be found in gravel and sand as well as coniferous forests where it preys on other insect species. When it comes to hunting, adults are either wait for their prey in an ambush or chase it. It larvae usually digs burrows in which they wait for their victim to come by. Once an unsuspected arthropod is in sight, it opens it jaws and eats it.

<i>Chlaenius dejeanii</i> Species of beetle

Chlaenius dejeanii is a species of ground beetle native to the Palearctic and the Middle East. It is known from Bosnia and Herzegovina, Greece, Hungary, Israel, Italy, Russia, Syria, Turkey, and Ukraine.

<i>Habroscelimorpha dorsalis</i> Species of beetle

Habroscelimorpha dorsalis, commonly known as the eastern beach tiger beetle, is a species of flashy tiger beetle in the family Cicindelidae. It is found in Central America and North America.

<i>Cicindela scutellaris</i> Species of beetle

Cicindela scutellaris, the festive tiger beetle, is a species of flashy tiger beetle in the family Cicindelidae. It is found in North America.

<i>Habroscelimorpha dorsalis dorsalis</i> Subspecies of beetle

Cicindela dorsalis dorsalis, commonly known as the Northeastern beach tiger beetle, is the largest subspecies of Eastern beach tiger beetle. In 2012, Cicindela dorsalis dorsalis was reclassified under the name Habroscelimorpha dorsalis dorsalis, but the names are used synonymously in recently published literature. Fitting to its name, the Northeastern beach tiger beetle dwells along the U.S. northeast coast in small sand burrows. The beetle is diurnal and can be spotted by its light tan coloring with dark lines and green hues on its thorax and head.

<i>Rivacindela hudsoni</i> Species of beetle

Rivacindela hudsoni is an Australian species of the family Cicindelinae or "tiger beetle" and is the fastest-running known insect. The genus Rivacindela is contentiously treated as a subgenus of the broader Cicindela and are typically found in saline habitats such as dry salt lakes and salt streams and are flightless. The species was discovered in South Australia and described in 1997, with an adult form of approximately 20–21mm in length and a running speed of 2.49 m/s, or 120 body lengths per second.

References

  1. "NatureServe Explorer 2.0". explorer.natureserve.org. Retrieved 2023-11-07.
  2. "Cicindela patruela consentanea Dejean, 1825". www.gbif.org. Retrieved 2023-11-07.
  3. 1 2 3 "Cicindela patruela patruela : Northern Barrens Tiger Beetle | Rare Species Guide". Minnesota Department of Natural Resources. Retrieved 2023-11-07.
  4. "Maryland Biodiversity Project - Northern Barrens Tiger Beetle (Cicindela patruela)". www.marylandbiodiversity.com. Retrieved 2023-11-07.
  5. 1 2 A field guide to the tiger beetles of the United States and Canada: identification, natural history and distribution of the cicindelinae (2nd ed.). New York: Oxford university press. 2015. ISBN   978-0-19-936716-0.
  6. Canada, Environment and Climate Change (2016-03-01). "Northern Barrens Tiger Beetle (Cicindela patruela): recovery strategy 2021". www.canada.ca. Retrieved 2023-11-07.
  7. "Northern Barrens Tiger Beetle Guide - New York Natural Heritage Program". guides.nynhp.org. Retrieved 2023-11-07.