Cliviinae

Cliviinae
Clivia nobilis
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Plantae
Clade:	Tracheophytes
Clade:	Angiosperms
Clade:	Monocots
Order:	Asparagales
Family:	Amaryllidaceae
Subfamily:	Amaryllidoideae
Tribe:	Haemantheae
Subtribe:	Cliviinae D. & U. M.-D. [1]
Type genus
Clivia Lindl.
Genera
Clivia Cryptostephanus
Synonyms
Clivieae Traub

Cliviinae is a small subtribe of Haemantheae, and therefore within the African clades of Amaryllidoideae. It consists of two genera, Clivia , and Cryptostephanus .

Description

Cryptostephanus vansonii in Zimbabwe

Bulbless rhizomatous perennial plants. Clivia has showy orange or yellow flowers, while Cryptostephanus has smaller flowers with a paraperigone that had them erroneously classified with Narcissus in the past. it is also the only Haemantheae genus with a phytomelanous seed testa. ^[1]

Taxonomy

For the early taxonomic history of these two genera, see Meerow and Clayton (2004). ^[1] (Traub described this grouping as tribe Clivieae in his 1963 monograph on the Amaryllidaceae, based on the type genus Clivia. . ^[2] Subsequently, the Müller-Doblies' reduced it to a subtribe and placed it within the Haemantheae. ^[3] Later molecular phylogenetic research has confirmed this placement, with Cliviinae being one of three subtribes of Haemantheae. ^[1]

Phylogeny

The Cliviinae are placed within the Haemantheae as follows:

Tribe Haemantheae	Subtribe Cliviinae Subtribe Haemanthinae Subtribe Gethyllidinae

Subdivision

• Clivia (5 species)
• Cryptostephanus (2 species)

Distribution and habitat

Clivia is found in summer rainfall regions, as herbaceous understory plants of coastal and Afro-montane forest, while Cryptostephanus are plants of savanna or forest habitats. ^[1]

Ecology

Butterfly and sunbird pollination. ^[1]

References

1. Meerow & Clayton 2004.
2. Traub 1963.
3. Müller-Doblies & Müller-Doblies 1996.

Bibliography

• Meerow, Alan W.; Clayton, Jason R. (1 February 2004). "Generic relationships among the baccate-fruited Amaryllidaceae (tribe Haemantheae) inferred from plastid and nuclear non-coding DNA sequences" . Plant Systematics and Evolution . 244 (3–4): 141–155. Bibcode:2004PSyEv.244..141M. doi:10.1007/s00606-003-0085-z. S2CID   10245220.^{[ dead link ]}
• Meerow, Alan W.; Snijman, Deirdre A. (2006). "The never-ending story: multigene approaches to the phylogeny of Amaryllidaceae". Aliso . 22: 355–366. doi: 10.5642/aliso.20062201.29 . Retrieved 25 January 2015.^{[ dead link ]}
• Vigneron, Pascal. "Amaryllidaceae". Amaryllidaceae.org (in French). Archived from the original on 4 January 2015. Retrieved 23 October 2014.
• "Amaryllidaceae: A taxonomic tool for the Amaryllidaceae of the world". eMonocot. Archived from the original on 2016-03-04. Retrieved 2016-03-06.
• Traub, H.P. (1963). Genera of the Amaryllidaceae. Genera of organisms. La Jolla, California: American Plant Life Society.
• Müller-Doblies, U.; Müller-Doblies, D. (1996). "Tribes and subtribes and some species combinations in Amaryllidaceae J St Hil R Dahlgren & al. 1985". Feddes Repertorium. 107 (5–6): S.c.1–S.c.9.
• Spies, P.; Grobler, J.P.; Spies, J.J. (2011). "A review of phylogenetic relationships in the genus Clivia". Philos. Trans. Genet. 1: 168–207.
• Conrad, Ferozah (February 2008). Molecular Systematics, Biogeography and Dating of the tribe Haemantheae (Amaryllidaceae) and the Phylogeography of Clivia (PhD Thesis). Department of Botany, University of Cape Town.
• Spies, Paula (December 2013). A comparison of the efficiency of DNA barcoding regions in a small and a large genus (PhD Thesis). Department of Genetics, University of the Free State.