Griffinia

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Griffinia
Griffinia liboniana1ALagarde.jpg
Griffinia liboniana [1]
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Monocots
Order: Asparagales
Family: Amaryllidaceae
Subfamily: Amaryllidoideae
Tribe: Griffineae
Genus: Griffinia
Ker-Gawl. [2]
Type species
Griffinia hyacinthina(Ker Gawl.) Ker Gawl. [3]
Brazil in the world (W3).svg
Griffinia is endemic to Brazil [4]
Synonyms [4]
  • HylineHerb.
  • LiboniaLem.

Griffinia is a genus of Brazilian plants in the Amaryllis family, subfamily Amaryllidoideae. [5] It includes 23 known species which are endemic to Brazil. [4] The most closely related genus to it is the monotypic Worsleya .

Contents

Development of inflorescence of Griffinia espiritensis var. ituberae Development of Griffinia espiritensis var. ituberae K.D.Preuss & Meerow inflorescence.jpg
Development of inflorescence of Griffinia espiritensis var. ituberae
Lateral view of inflorescence of Griffinia espiritensis var. ituberae Lateral view of Griffinia espiritensis var. ituberae K.D.Preuss & Meerow inflorescence.jpg
Lateral view of inflorescence of Griffinia espiritensis var. ituberae
Detail of flower of Griffinia espiritensis var. ituberae Detail of Griffinia espiritensis var. ituberae K.D.Preuss & Meerow flower.jpg
Detail of flower of Griffinia espiritensis var. ituberae
Immature bulb of Griffinia gardneriana Immature Griffinia gardneriana (Herb.) Ravenna bulb.jpg
Immature bulb of Griffinia gardneriana

The members of the genus Griffinia are tropical, bulbous plants which grow in high levels of humidity. The leaves are green, petiolate, elliptical, sometimes with white speckles on them. The flowers are typical for the tribe - lilac or blue colored (although there are also white - colored species) and collected into an umbel. Many of the members in this genus are endangered because of the deforestation of their habitat. [6]

Taxonomy

GriffiniaKer Gawl. was published by John Bellenden Ker in 1820 with Griffinia hyacinthina (Ker Gawl.) Ker Gawl. as the type species. [7] The genus HylineHerb. published by William Herbert in 1840 is now a synonym of GriffiniaKer Gawl., [4] but it was retained on the subgeneric level as the subgenus Griffinia subg. Hyline Rav. published by Pedro Felix Ravenna in 1969. [7] The genus Libonia Lem. published by Charles Antoine Lemaire in 1852 is a synonym of GriffiniaKer Gawl. [4]

Subgenera

The genus Griffinia is divided into Griffinia subg. HylineRavenna, in which only Griffinia gardneriana(Herb.) Ravenna and Griffinia nocturnaRavenna are placed, as well as the autonymous subgenus Griffinia subg. Griffinia, which includes all other species. [7]

Species

As of June 2023, the genus comprises 23 species: [4]

Several unplaced names exist:

Conservation

Griffinia intermedia is categorized as endangered (EN) by the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. It is only known from two locations, in which the species, as well as its habitat is continually declining. [10] An initiative has been taken to replicate the fragrance of Griffinia gardneriana, which is threatened with extinction, for the creation of a perfume. The sale of the perfume is meant to financially contribute to the conservation effort for this species. [11]

Related Research Articles

<i>Hippeastrum</i> Genus of flowering plants in the family Amaryllidaceae

Hippeastrum is a genus of about 90 species, and over 600 hybrids and cultivars, of perennial, herbaceous and bulbous plants, native to tropical and subtropical regions of the Americas, from Mexico south to Argentina and on some islands in the Caribbean. The majority have large, fleshy bulbs—usually about the size of a softball—and tall, broad, strap-like leaves that are (generally) evergreen, and large red or purple flowers. Numerous colors and cultivars have been created over the past hundred years.

<i>Eucrosia</i> Genus of flowering plants

Eucrosia is a genus of herbaceous, perennial and bulbous plants in the Amaryllis family distributed from Ecuador to Peru. The name is derived from the Greek eu, beautiful, and krossos, a fringe, referring to the long stamens. As circumscribed in 2020, the genus contains six species. Phaedranassa and Rauhia are the genera most closely related to Eucrosia.

<i>Sternbergia</i> Genus of flowering plants in the family Amaryllidaceae

Sternbergia is a genus of Eurasian and North African plants in the Amaryllis family, subfamily Amaryllidoideae.

<i>Ismene</i> (plant) Genus of flowering plants

Ismene, or Peruvian daffodil, is a genus of South American plants in the Amaryllis family. The species are native to Peru and Ecuador and widely cultivated elsewhere as ornamentals because of their large, showy flowers.

<i>Rhodophiala</i> Former genus of flowering plants

Rhodophiala was a genus of herbaceous, perennial and bulbous plants in the Amaryllis family. It consisted of about 30 South American species distributed in southern Brazil, Argentina, and, specially, in Chile. Most of the species are known colloquially as añañuca. It has now been submerged in Zephyranthes.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Griffineae</span> Tribe of flowering plants

The Griffineae is a tribe in the family Amaryllidaceae, subfamily Amaryllidoideae. It includes 3 genera with 22 species endemic to Brazil in South America. A typical character of the representatives of the tribe are the flowers - They are blue or lilac and collected into an umbel. Only the members of this tribe and the genus Lycoris are able to form flowers with such color in the whole subfamily Amaryllidoideae of Amaryllidaceae. The species in this group are typically perennial and produce bulbs. The leaves are green, with elliptical form in most of the cases but in some members, as in Worsleya, they are sword-shaped.

Griffinia nocturna is a bulbous species of flowering plant which is endemic to Brazil. Together with another closely related species, Griffinia gardneriana, it forms its own subgenus in the genus Griffinia named Hyline. A distinguishing feature of G. nocturna is that the flowers are white while almost all of the other members of the genus have lilac or blue flowers. They are scented, collected into an umbel. The plant blooms during the night and the flowers have already faded by the next day. The leaves are green and oblanceolate. Endemic to Brazil, it grows in arid or semi-arid regions from central to northern Brazil, in zones known as caatingas.

<i>Griffinia hyacinthina</i> Species of flowering plant

Griffinia hyacinthina is a bulbous species of flowering plant which is endemic to Brazil.

Alan W. Meerow is an American botanist, born in New York City in 1952. He specializes in the taxonomy of the family Amaryllidaceae and the horticulture of palms and tropical ornamental plants. He also works on the population genetics and molecular systematics of cycads and palms.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Amaryllidaceae</span> Family of flowering plants

The Amaryllidaceae are a family of herbaceous, mainly perennial and bulbous flowering plants in the monocot order Asparagales. The family takes its name from the genus Amaryllis and is commonly known as the amaryllis family. The leaves are usually linear, and the flowers are usually bisexual and symmetrical, arranged in umbels on the stem. The petals and sepals are undifferentiated as tepals, which may be fused at the base into a floral tube. Some also display a corona. Allyl sulfide compounds produce the characteristic odour of the onion subfamily (Allioideae).

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Hippeastreae</span> Tribe of flowering plants

Hippeastreae is a tribe of plants belonging to the subfamily Amaryllidoideae of the Amaryllis family (Amaryllidaceae). Species in this tribe are distributed in South America. Flowers are large and showy, zygomorphic, with the stamens in varying lengths, inflorescence bracts are often fused basally. The seeds are flattened, winged or D-shaped. Reported basic chromosome numbers are x= 8-13, 17, and higher. All the species in this tribe present a remarkable aesthetic interest and horticultural value.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Amaryllidoideae</span> Subfamily of flowering plants

Amaryllidoideae is a subfamily of monocot flowering plants in the family Amaryllidaceae, order Asparagales. The most recent APG classification, APG III, takes a broad view of the Amaryllidaceae, which then has three subfamilies, one of which is Amaryllidoideae, and the others are Allioideae and Agapanthoideae. The subfamily consists of about seventy genera, with over eight hundred species, and a worldwide distribution.

<i>Hippeastrum calyptratum</i> Species of flowering plant

Hippeastrum calyptratum is a flowering perennial herbaceous bulbous plant, in the family Amaryllidaceae, native to Brazil.

<i>Phycella</i> Genus of flowering plants

Phycella is a genus of herbaceous, perennial bulbous flowering plants belonging to the family Amaryllidaceae, subfamily Amaryllidoideae. The genus consists of five species distributed from central Chile to northwestern Argentina.

<i>Leptochiton</i> (plant) Genus of plant

Leptochiton is a genus of South American plants in the Amaryllis family.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Eucharideae</span> Tribe of flowering plants

Eucharideae is a tribe of plants within the family Amaryllidaceae. It was augmented in 2000 by Meerow et al. following a molecular phylogenetic study that revealed that many elements of the tribe Stenomesseae segregated with it, rather than separately, and were subsequently submerged in it. Further revisions were made in 2020, when three genera were merged. It forms one of the tribes of the Andean subclade of the American clade of the subfamily.

<i>Philodendron spiritus-sancti</i> Species of plant

Philodendron spiritus-sancti is a species of plant in the genus Philodendron native to the Brazilian state of Espirito Santo, which is the origin of its scientific name. A member of the section Macrobelium, it has cordate foliage that can grow up to 57–63 centimetres (22–25 in) long. The width of the leaf blades is variable, and appears in three different forms known in cultivation.

References

  1. illustration from Annales de la Société royale d’Agriculture et de Botanique de Gand, Journal d’horticulture by Charles Morren (editor). Gand [Gent], Local de la Société (Casino), etc., 1845, volume 1, plate 13. Hand-coloured lithograph by Alex. Lagarde
  2. Ker Gawler, John Bellenden 1820. Botanical Register 6, plate 444 + 2 subsequent text pages full-page color illustrion, description in Latin, commentary in English
  3. Griffinia | International Plant Names Index. (n.d.). Retrieved June 27, 2023, from https://www.ipni.org/n/330432-2
  4. 1 2 3 4 5 6 "Griffinia Ker Gawl". Plants of the World Online . Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved 27 June 2023.
  5. Stevens, P.F., Angiosperm Phylogeny Website: Asparagales: Amaryllidoideae
  6. Preuss, Kevin D. 2000. The Genus Griffinia Ker Gawler (Amaryllidaceae), Revisited. Herbertia 54(1999): 51-66.
  7. 1 2 3 Meerow, A. W., Preuss, K. D., Fernando, A., & Tombolato, C. (2000, August). "Griffinia (Amaryllidaceae), a critically endangered Brazilian geophyte with horticultural potential." In VIII International Symposium on Flowerbulbs 570 (pp. 57–64).
  8. "Hyline itaobina Ravenna". Plants of the World Online . Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved 24 November 2024.
  9. "Hyline paraensis Ravenna". Plants of the World Online . Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved 24 November 2024.
  10. Moraes, L. 2016. Griffinia intermedia. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2016: e.T107250175A107302180. https://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T107250175A107302180.pt. Accessed on 15 May 2023.
  11. Fischermann, T. (2022, February 4). Jägerin der verlorenen Düfte. ZEIT ONLINE. Retrieved July 1, 2023, from https://www.zeit.de/2022/06/pflanzenschutz-kosmetik-luiza-de-paula-the-red-list-project