Griffinia hyacinthina

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Griffinia hyacinthina
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Griffinia hyacinthina1HGMoon.jpg
Botanical illustrations of Griffinia hyacinthina
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Monocots
Order: Asparagales
Family: Amaryllidaceae
Subfamily: Amaryllidoideae
Genus: Griffinia
Species:
G. hyacinthina
Binomial name
Griffinia hyacinthina
(Ker Gawl.) Ker Gawl.
Brazil in the world (W3).svg
Griffinia hyacinthina is endemic to Brazil
Synonyms [1]
  • Amaryllis hyacinthina Ker Gawl.
  • Lycoris hyacinthina (Ker Gawl.) Herb.
  • Amaryllis dryades Vell.
  • Griffinia dryades (Vell.) M.Roem.
  • Griffinia hookeri Kraenzl.
  • Hippeastrum dryades (Vell.) Kraenzl.

Griffinia hyacinthina is a bulbous species of flowering plant which is endemic to Brazil. [2] [1]

Contents

Description

Vegetative characteristics

It is a bulbous, perennial, [3] terrestrial herb [4] with ovate, [5] [6] tunicate, up to 7.5 cm wide bulbs bearing 5-7, [7] dark green, [8] [9] oblong, [3] glabrous, petiolate [10] [11] 20 cm long, and 5-7 cm wide leaves [11] with an acute or acuminate apex. [4] The leaves have a lattice-like venation. [11] [6] [3] The midrib of the leaf is prominent on the underside of the leaf. [11]

Generative characteristics

The up to 60 cm long umbellate inflorescence, [7] which exceeds the leaves in its height, [6] [7] bears up to seventeen blue-violet flowers lacking fragrance. [7] The cylindric scape is unstreaked and turns red towards the base. [11] The flowers have 6 [12] [13] 7 cm long, [7] lanceolate tepals [14] with an acute apex. The tepals are blue to violet towards the apex, but they are white at the base. [7] The flower has 6 stamens [4] with whitish anthers, [14] which are shorter than the tepals. The upper stamen is erect and the other five are pointing downwards. [11] [7] The trilocular ovary is subglobose. The stigma is simple. [11] The ovoid or obovoid, [4] trivalvular capsule fruit [15] bears 1–3 [7] rounded, dark brown, [8] large and fleshy seeds. [16] Within Griffinia subgenus Griffinia, it has the largest flowers. [2] Flowering occurs in the period of March through April. Up to five flowers may be open at the same time and they last for approximately one week. [7]

Reproduction

Generative reproduction

Flower and fruit formation in its natural habitat occurs in March to April. Infructescences with 1-7 fruits are formed. [10] Each pear-shaped fruit contains 1-3 seeds. Germination occurs within a period of 1-3 months and the seedlings reach maturity within 3-4 years. [10] [7]

Vegetative reproduction

Vegetative reproduction occurs through bulbils, which form clusters around the mother plant. [10]

Taxonomy

This species was first described in 1817 as Amaryllis hyacinthinaKer Gawl. by John Bellenden Ker Gawler. Three years later he transferred it to Griffinia as Griffinia hyacinthina(Ker Gawl.) Ker Gawl. [1] It is the type species of its genus. [17]

Etymology

The specific epithet hyacinthina means blue-coloured. [18] The flowers are hyacinthine blue. [11]

Habitat

This species of Griffinia grows in a very specific habitat. It requires the warmth, deep shade and high humidity of the tropical rainforest where the floor is covered with large quantities of organic matter. Like related species, G. hyacinthina is endemic to Brazil. It is native to the south-eastern part of the country, specifically the Atlantic Forest.

Conservation

This species is endangered. [4] [10] It is threatened by extinction, due to habitat destruction. [10]

Cultivation

It should be cultivated in well draining soils with a high proportion of organic material. [10] It is a slowly growing species. [19]

Related Research Articles

<i>Hippeastrum</i> Genus of flowering plants in the family Amaryllidaceae

Hippeastrum is a genus of about 90 species, and over 600 hybrids and cultivars, of perennial, herbaceous and bulbous plants, native to tropical and subtropical regions of the Americas, from Mexico south to Argentina and on some islands in the Caribbean. The majority have large, fleshy bulbs—usually about the size of a softball—and tall, broad, strap-like leaves that are (generally) evergreen, and large red or purple flowers. Numerous colors and cultivars have been created over the past hundred years.

<i>Gagea lutea</i> Species of flowering plant in the lily family Liliaceae

Gagea lutea, known as the yellow star-of-Bethlehem, is a Eurasian flowering plant species in the family Liliaceae. It is widespread in central Europe with scattered populations in Great Britain, Spain, and Norway to Siberia and Japan.

<i>Brunsvigia</i> Genus of flowering plants

Brunsvigia is a genus of African flowering plants in the family Amaryllidaceae, subfamily Amaryllidoideae. It contains about 20 species native to southeastern and southern Africa from Tanzania to the Cape Provinces of South Africa.

<i>Sternbergia lutea</i> Species of autumn-flowering plant in the family Amaryllidaceae

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<i>Eucrosia</i> Genus of flowering plants

Eucrosia is a genus of herbaceous, perennial and bulbous plants in the Amaryllis family distributed from Ecuador to Peru. The name is derived from the Greek eu, beautiful, and krossos, a fringe, referring to the long stamens. As circumscribed in 2020, the genus contains six species. Phaedranassa and Rauhia are the genera most closely related to Eucrosia.

<i>Ismene</i> (plant) Genus of flowering plants

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Griffineae</span> Tribe of flowering plants

The Griffineae is a tribe in the family Amaryllidaceae, subfamily Amaryllidoideae. It includes 3 genera with 22 species endemic to Brazil in South America. A typical character of the representatives of the tribe are the flowers - They are blue or lilac and collected into an umbel. Only the members of this tribe and the genus Lycoris are able to form flowers with such color in the whole subfamily Amaryllidoideae of Amaryllidaceae. The species in this group are typically perennial and produce bulbs. The leaves are green, with elliptical form in most of the cases but in some members, as in Worsleya, they are sword-shaped.

<i>Griffinia</i> Genus of flowering plants

Griffinia is a genus of Brazilian plants in the Amaryllis family, subfamily Amaryllidoideae. It includes 23 known species which are endemic to Brazil. The most closely related genus to it is the monotypic Worsleya.

<i>Chlidanthus</i> Genus of flowering plants

Chlidanthus is a genus of flowering plants in the family Amaryllidaceae native to Argentina, Bolivia, and Peru.

<i>Urceolina amazonica</i> Species of plant

Urceolina amazonica, formerly known as Eucharis amazonica, is a species of flowering plant in the family Amaryllidaceae, native to Peru. It is cultivated as an ornamental in many countries and naturalized in Venezuela, Mexico, the West Indies, Ascension Island, Sri Lanka, Fiji, the Solomon Islands and the Society Islands. The English name Amazon lily is used for this species, but is also used for some other species of the genus Urceolina.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Amaryllidaceae</span> Family of flowering plants

The Amaryllidaceae are a family of herbaceous, mainly perennial and bulbous flowering plants in the monocot order Asparagales. The family takes its name from the genus Amaryllis and is commonly known as the amaryllis family. The leaves are usually linear, and the flowers are usually bisexual and symmetrical, arranged in umbels on the stem. The petals and sepals are undifferentiated as tepals, which may be fused at the base into a floral tube. Some also display a corona. Allyl sulfide compounds produce the characteristic odour of the onion subfamily (Allioideae).

<i>Scadoxus membranaceus</i> Species of plant

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<i>Hippeastrum calyptratum</i> Species of flowering plant

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<i>Acis autumnalis</i> Species of flowering plant in the family Amaryllidaceae

Acis autumnalis, the autumn snowflake, is a species of flowering plant in the family Amaryllidaceae. A short bulbous perennial, it is found on the western shores of the Mediterranean, from Portugal, Spain and Morocco to Sicily and Tunisia.

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<i>Stenomesson leucanthum</i> Species of plant

Stenomesson leucanthum is a species of flowering plant in the family Amaryllidaceae. It is native to Peru. Pierfelice Ravenna, the Chilean botanists who first formally described the species, using the basionym Pucara leucantha, named it after its white flowers.

<i>Strumaria gemmata</i> Species of flowering plant

Strumaria gemmata is a species of flowering plant in the family Amaryllidaceae, native to the Cape Provinces and the Free State of South Africa. It was first described by John Bellenden Ker Gawler in 1814.

<i>Pamianthe peruviana</i> Species of flowering plant

Pamianthe peruviana, also known as the giant Peruvian daffodil, is a species of epiphytic plant native to seasonally dry areas of Peru and Bolivia.

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References

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  2. 1 2 Meerow, A. W., Preuss, K. D., Fernando, A., & Tombolato, C. (2000, August). "Griffinia (Amaryllidaceae), a critically endangered Brazilian geophyte with horticultural potential." In VIII International Symposium on Flowerbulbs 570 (pp. 57-64).
  3. 1 2 3 Hortus Camdenensis | Griffinia hyacinthina Ker Gawl. (n.d.). Retrieved November 24, 2024, from http://hortuscamden.com/plants/view/griffinia-hyacinthina-ker-gawl
  4. 1 2 3 4 5 Dutilh, J.H.A.; Campos-Rocha, A.; Garcia, N.; Streher, N.S.; Semir, J. (in memoriam); Meerow, A.W.; Giussani, L.M.; Oliveira, R.S.; Sassone, A.B. Griffinia in Flora e Funga do Brasil. Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro. Available at: <https://floradobrasil.jbrj.gov.br/FB4343>. Accessed on: 24 Nov. 2024
  5. Hartwich, C. (1897). Die neuen Arzneidrogen aus dem Pflanzenreiche. p. 166. Deutschland: J. Springer.
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  11. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Edwards, Sydenham, Edwards, Sydenham, & Ridgway, James. (1815). The Botanical register :consisting of coloured figures of ... (Vol. 2). Printed for James Ridgway. https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/130028
  12. Edwards, S. T., Lindley, J. (1820). The Botanical Register: Consisting of Coloured Figures of Exotic Plants Cultivated in British Gardens with Their History and Mode of Treatment. p. 444. Vereinigtes Königreich: (n.p.).
  13. Zeitschrift für Bildende Gartenkunst. p. 269. (1896). Deutschland: Bodo Grundmann.
  14. 1 2 Allgemeine encyklopädie der wissenschaften und künste. p. 63. (1871). Deutschland: F.A. Brockhaus.
  15. Rümpler, T. (1879). Vilmorin's illustrierte Blumengärtnerei: mit 1416 in den Text gedruckten Holzschnitten. p. 496. Deutschland: Wiegandt, Hempel & Parey.
  16. Griffinia | Pacific Bulb Society. (n.d.). Retrieved November 24, 2024, from https://www.pacificbulbsociety.org/pbswiki/index.php/Griffinia
  17. Griffinia | International Plant Names Index. (n.d.). Retrieved June 27, 2023, from https://www.ipni.org/n/330432-2
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