Griffinia hyacinthina

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Griffinia hyacinthina
PMa B 485 Antwerpen.jpg
Griffinia hyacinthina1HGMoon.jpg
Botanical illustrations of Griffinia hyacinthina
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Monocots
Order: Asparagales
Family: Amaryllidaceae
Subfamily: Amaryllidoideae
Genus: Griffinia
Species:
G. hyacinthina
Binomial name
Griffinia hyacinthina
(Ker Gawl.) Ker Gawl.
Brazil in the world (W3).svg
Griffinia hyacinthina is endemic to Brazil
Synonyms [1]
  • Amaryllis hyacinthina Ker Gawl.
  • Lycoris hyacinthina (Ker Gawl.) Herb.
  • Amaryllis dryades Vell.
  • Griffinia dryades (Vell.) M.Roem.
  • Griffinia hookeri Kraenzl.
  • Hippeastrum dryades (Vell.) Kraenzl.

Griffinia hyacinthina is a bulbous species of flowering plant which is endemic to Brazil. [2] [1]

Contents

Description

Vegetative characteristics

It is a bulbous, perennial, [3] terrestrial herb [4] with ovate, [5] [6] tunicate, up to 7.5 cm wide bulbs bearing 5-7, [7] dark green, [8] [9] oblong, [3] glabrous, petiolate [10] [11] 20 cm long, and 5-7 cm wide leaves [11] with an acute or acuminate apex. [4] The leaves have a lattice-like venation. [11] [6] [3] The midrib of the leaf is prominent on the underside of the leaf. [11]

Generative characteristics

The up to 60 cm long umbellate inflorescence, [7] which exceeds the leaves in its height, [6] [7] bears up to seventeen blue-violet flowers lacking fragrance. [7] The cylindric scape is unstreaked and turns red towards the base. [11] The flowers have 6 [12] [13] 7 cm long, [7] lanceolate tepals [14] with an acute apex. The tepals are blue to violet towards the apex, but they are white at the base. [7] The flower has 6 stamens [4] with whitish anthers, [14] which are shorter than the tepals. The upper stamen is erect and the other five are pointing downwards. [11] [7] The trilocular ovary is subglobose. The stigma is simple. [11] The ovoid or obovoid, [4] trivalvular capsule fruit [15] bears 1–3 [7] rounded, dark brown, [8] large and fleshy seeds. [16] Within Griffinia subgenus Griffinia, it has the largest flowers. [2] Flowering occurs in the period of March through April. Up to five flowers may be open at the same time and they last for approximately one week. [7]

Reproduction

Generative reproduction

Flower and fruit formation in its natural habitat occurs in March to April. Infructescences with 1-7 fruits are formed. [10] Each pear-shaped fruit contains 1-3 seeds. Germination occurs within a period of 1-3 months and the seedlings reach maturity within 3-4 years. [10] [7]

Vegetative reproduction

Vegetative reproduction occurs through bulbils, which form clusters around the mother plant. [10]

Taxonomy

This species was first described in 1817 as Amaryllis hyacinthinaKer Gawl. by John Bellenden Ker Gawler. Three years later he transferred it to Griffinia as Griffinia hyacinthina(Ker Gawl.) Ker Gawl. [1] It is the type species of its genus. [17]

Etymology

The specific epithet hyacinthina means blue-coloured. [18] The flowers are hyacinthine blue. [11]

Distribution and habitat

Like related species, Griffinia hyacinthina is endemic to Brazil. It is native to the south-eastern part of the country, [1] specifically the Atlantic Forest. [16] It grows in a very specific habitat. It requires the warmth, deep shade and high humidity of the tropical rainforest where the floor is covered with large quantities of organic matter.[ citation needed ]

Conservation

This species is endangered. [4] [10] It is threatened by extinction, due to habitat destruction. [10]

Cultivation

It should be cultivated in well draining soils with a high proportion of organic material. [10] It is a slowly growing species. [19]

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 "Griffinia hyacinthina (Ker Gawl.) Ker Gawl". Plants of the World Online . Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved 2 June 2023.
  2. 1 2 Meerow, A. W., Preuss, K. D., Fernando, A., & Tombolato, C. (2000, August). "Griffinia (Amaryllidaceae), a critically endangered Brazilian geophyte with horticultural potential." In VIII International Symposium on Flowerbulbs 570 (pp. 57-64).
  3. 1 2 3 Hortus Camdenensis | Griffinia hyacinthina Ker Gawl. (n.d.). Retrieved November 24, 2024, from http://hortuscamden.com/plants/view/griffinia-hyacinthina-ker-gawl
  4. 1 2 3 4 5 Dutilh, J.H.A., Campos-Rocha, A., Garcia, N., Streher, N.S., Semir, J., Meerow, A.W., Giussani, L.M., Oliveira, R.S., Sassone, A.B. & Jardim Botânico Do Rio De Janeiro. (n.d.). Griffinia hyacinthina (Ker Gawl.) Ker Gawl. Flora E Funga Do Brasil. Retrieved February 21, 2025, from https://floradobrasil.jbrj.gov.br/FB4343
  5. ↑ Hartwich, C. (1897). Die neuen Arzneidrogen aus dem Pflanzenreiche. p. 166. Deutschland: J. Springer.
  6. 1 2 3 Nicholson, G. (1882). “The” Illustrated Dictionary of Gardening. p. 99. Vereinigtes Königreich: Verlag nicht ermittelbar.
  7. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 de Aguiar Silveira, R. B. (1995). "Griffinia hyacinthina (Ker-Gaw.) Ker-Gaw., Amaryllidaceae da Mata Atlântica a ser preservada." Ornamental Horticulture, 1(1), 1-1.
  8. 1 2 Pharmaceutische Rundschau. p. 135. (1893). USA: Fr. Hoffmann..
  9. ↑ Rumpler, F. (1882). Zweibelgewachse. p. 359. (n.p.): (n.p.).
  10. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Kirizawa, M., LopesI, E. A., IveiraI, R. B. D. A. S., Tavares, A. R., & Kanashiro, S. "Griffinia hyacinthina (Ker Gawl.) Ker Gawl., Amaryllidaceae da Mata Atlântica, endêmica e em perigo de extinção: estudos morfológico e horticultural." [ dead link ]
  11. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Edwards, Sydenham, Edwards, Sydenham, & Ridgway, James. (1815). The Botanical register :consisting of coloured figures of ... (Vol. 2). Printed for James Ridgway. https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/130028
  12. ↑ Edwards, S. T., Lindley, J. (1820). The Botanical Register: Consisting of Coloured Figures of Exotic Plants Cultivated in British Gardens with Their History and Mode of Treatment. p. 444. Vereinigtes Königreich: (n.p.).
  13. ↑ Zeitschrift für Bildende Gartenkunst. p. 269. (1896). Deutschland: Bodo Grundmann.
  14. 1 2 Allgemeine encyklopädie der wissenschaften und künste. p. 63. (1871). Deutschland: F.A. Brockhaus.
  15. ↑ Rümpler, T. (1879). Vilmorin's illustrierte Blumengärtnerei: mit 1416 in den Text gedruckten Holzschnitten. p. 496. Deutschland: Wiegandt, Hempel & Parey.
  16. 1 2 Griffinia | Pacific Bulb Society. (n.d.). Retrieved November 24, 2024, from https://www.pacificbulbsociety.org/pbswiki/index.php/Griffinia
  17. ↑ Griffinia | International Plant Names Index. (n.d.). Retrieved June 27, 2023, from https://www.ipni.org/n/330432-2
  18. ↑ P. M. Eckel & Missouri Botanical Garden. (n.d.). A Grammatical Dictionary of Botanical Latin. Retrieved November 24, 2024, from https://www.mobot.org/mobot/latindict/keyDetail.aspx?keyWord=hyacinthinus
  19. ↑ The Florist and Pomologist: A Pictorial Monthly Magazine of Flowers, Fruits, and General Horticulture .... p. 280. (1870). Vereinigtes Königreich: Published at the "Journal of Horticulture" Office.
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