Haemanthinae

Last updated

Haemanthinae
Haemanthus coccineus - Basel - 2.jpg
Haemanthus coccineus
Scientific classification Red Pencil Icon.png
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Monocots
Order: Asparagales
Family: Amaryllidaceae
Subfamily: Amaryllidoideae
Tribe: Haemantheae
Subtribe: Haemanthinae
Pax [1] or Baker [2]
Type genus
Haemanthus
L.
Genera
Synonyms [1]

Haemanthineae (orth. var.)

Haemanthinae is a small subtribe of Haemantheae, and therefore within the African clades of Amaryllidoideae. It consists of two genera, Haemanthus , and Scadoxus .

Contents

Description

Scadoxus multiflorus African Football Lily.jpg
Scadoxus multiflorus

The genera of Haemanthinae share brush-like inflorescences, in which the bracts frequently form part of the pollinator attraction system. Not all Scadoxus form bulbs, while all species of Haemanthus do. [1]

Taxonomy

For the early taxonomic history of these two genera, see Meerow and Clayton (2004). [1] Pax (1888) treated the Amaryllidaceae as four subfamilies, with two tribes in subfamily Amarylloideae, which consisted of two tribes, Amaryllideae and Narcisseae. The former contained six subtribes, placing Haemanthus together with Clivia in subtribe Haemanthinae. [3] Hutchinson (1934) subsequently elevated this to tribe Haemantheae. [4] Later, Traub placed Haemanthus with Choananthus (subsequently submerged in Scadoxus) in tribe Haemantheae in his 1963 monograph on the Amaryllidaceae. [5] Later the Müller-Doblies' created a narrower concept of Haemantheae as a tribe with Haemanthinae as one of two subtribes and two genera, Haemanthus and Scadoxus. [6] Molecular phylogenetic research has confirmed this placement, with Meerow and Clayton (2004) situating Haemanthinae [note 1] as one of three subtribes of Haemantheae. [1]

Phylogeny

The Haemanthinae are placed within the Haemantheae as follows:

Tribe Haemantheae

Subtribe Cliviinae

Subtribe Haemanthinae

Subtribe Gethyllidinae

Subdivision

Distribution and habitat

Scadoxus is a forest understory herbaceous genus, most commonly found in the tropical areas of Africa. Haemanthus on the other hand is confined to southern Africa, within the summer and winter rainfall regions of the Cape. [1]

Notes

  1. They used the spelling "Haemanthineae" in this paper, which differs from earlier authors and is contrary to Article 19 of the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants, which requires subtribe names to have the ending "-inae". [7]

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Griffineae</span> Tribe of flowering plants

The tribe Griffineae includes 2 genera with 22 species from South America which are actually endemic to Brazil. A typical character of the representatives of the tribe are the flowers - They are with blue or lilac color collected into an umbel. Only the members of this tribe and the genus Lycoris are able to form flowers with such color in the whole family Amaryllidaceae. The plants in this group are typical perennial flowers which are producing bulbs. The leaves are green, with elliptical form in the most of the cases but in some members as in Worsleya they are sword-shaped.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Amaryllidaceae</span> Family of flowering plants comprising members popular for horticulture and vegetable production

The Amaryllidaceae are a family of herbaceous, mainly perennial and bulbous flowering plants in the monocot order Asparagales. The family takes its name from the genus Amaryllis and is commonly known as the amaryllis family. The leaves are usually linear, and the flowers are usually bisexual and symmetrical, arranged in umbels on the stem. The petals and sepals are undifferentiated as tepals, which may be fused at the base into a floral tube. Some also display a corona. Allyl sulfide compounds produce the characteristic odour of the onion subfamily (Allioideae).

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Hippeastreae</span> Tribe of flowering plants

Hippeastreae is a tribe of plants belonging to the subfamily Amaryllidoideae of the Amaryllis family (Amaryllidaceae). Species in this tribe are distributed in South America. Flowers are large and showy, zygomorphic, with the stamens in varying lengths, inflorescence bracts are often fused basally. The seeds are flattened, winged or D-shaped. Reported basic chromosome numbers are x= 8-13, 17, and higher. All the species in this tribe present a remarkable aesthetic interest and horticultural value.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Amaryllidoideae</span> Subfamily of flowering plants

Amaryllidoideae is a subfamily of monocot flowering plants in the family Amaryllidaceae, order Asparagales. The most recent APG classification, APG III, takes a broad view of the Amaryllidaceae, which then has three subfamilies, one of which is Amaryllidoideae, and the others are Allioideae and Agapanthoideae. The subfamily consists of about seventy genera, with over eight hundred species, and a worldwide distribution.

Scadoxus longifolius is a herbaceous plant from Zaire. It is only known from a single collection, and little information is available about it. It appears to be closely related to Scadoxus cinnabarinus, and Inger Nordal and Thomas Duncan suggested in 1984 that it may not be a distinct species.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Galantheae</span> Tribe of flowering plants

Galantheae is a tribe of plants belonging to the subfamily Amaryllidoideae of the Amaryllis family (Amaryllidaceae). As of 2017, it contains three genera, although more were included previously. The position of the ovary is inferior.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Amaryllideae</span> Tribe of flowering plants

Amaryllideae are a tribe of subfamily Amaryllidoideae. They are herbaceous monocot perennial flowering plants with a predominantly Southern African distribution, with the exception of the pantropical genus Crinum. They are generally treated as consisting of four subtribes. In addition to Crinum, other genera include Amaryllis, Boophone and Strumaria.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Haemantheae</span> Tribe of flowering plants

Haemantheae are a tribe of subfamily Amaryllidoideae. They are herbaceous monocot perennial flowering plants with a predominantly African distribution. Three subtribes are proposed and six genera including the type genus, Haemanthus, are included. They are characterised by the presence of baccate (berry) fruit.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Calostemmateae</span> Tribe of flowering plants

Calostemmateae are a very small tribe of subfamily Amaryllidoideae. They are herbaceous monocot perennial flowering plants endemic to Australasia. The tribe consists of two genera, Proiphys and Calostemma.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Pancratieae</span> Tribe of flowering plants

Pancratieae are a small European tribe of subfamily Amaryllidoideae, consisting of two genera including the type genus, Pancratium.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Traubiinae</span> Subtribe of flowering plants

Traubiinae is a subtribe of plants classified under the tribe Hippeastreae. It belongs to the subfamily Amaryllidoideae of the Amaryllis family (Amaryllidaceae).

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Eustephieae</span> Tribe of flowering plants

Eustephieae is a tribe, where it forms part of the Andean clade, one of two American clades.

Stenomesseae was a tribe, where it forms part of the Andean clade, one of two American clades. The tribe was originally described by Traub in his monograph on the Amaryllidaceae in 1963, as Stenomessae based on the type genus Stenomesson. In 1995 it was recognised that Eustephieae was a distinct group separate from the other Stenomesseae. Subsequently, the Müller-Doblies' (1996) divided tribe Eustephieae into two subtribes, Stenomessinae and Eustephiinae.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Eucharideae</span> Tribe of flowering plants

Eucharideae is a tribe of plants within the family Amaryllidaceae. It was augmented in 2000 by Meerow et al. following a molecular phylogenetic study that revealed that many elements of the tribe Stenomesseae segregated with it, rather than separately, and were subsequently submerged in it. It forms one of the tribes of the Andean subclade of the American clade of the subfamily.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Clinantheae</span> Tribe of flowering plants

Clinantheae is a tribe, where it forms part of the Andean clade, one of two American clades. The tribe was described in 2000 by Alan Meerow et al. as a result of a molecular phylogenetic study of the American Amaryllidoideae. This demonstrated that the tribe Stenomesseae, including the type genus Stenomesson was polyphyletic. Part of the tribe segregated with the Eucharideae and were submerged into it, while the other part formed a unique subclade. Since the type species of Stenomesson was not part of the second sublclade it was necessary to form a new name for the remaining species together with the other genera that remained. This was Clinanthus, the oldest name for these species, and consequently the tribe Clinantheae.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Hymenocallideae</span> Tribe of flowering plants

Hymenocallideae is a tribe, where it forms part of the Andean clade, one of two American clades. The tribe was originally recognised by both Meerow (1995) and the Muller-Doblies' (1996). Its phylogenetic position within the Amaryllidoideae was established by Meerow et al. in 2000, while in-depth infratribal relationships were established in 2002.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Crininae</span> Subtribe of flowering plants

Crininae is one of four subtribes within the tribe Amaryllideae, with a pantropical distribution (Crinum) and also sub-Saharan Africa.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Cliviinae</span> Subtribe of flowering plants

Cliviinae is a small subtribe of Haemantheae, and therefore within the African clades of Amaryllidoideae. It consists of two genera, Clivia, and Cryptostephanus.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Gethyllidinae</span> Subtribe of flowering plants

Gethyllidinae is a small subtribe within the amaryllis family. It is within tribe Haemantheae, and therefore within the African clades of Amaryllidoideae. It contains two genera, Gethyllis and Apodolirion, both are endemic to southern Africa.

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Meerow & Clayton 2004.
  2. Reveal 2012.
  3. Pax 1888.
  4. Hutchinson 1926.
  5. Traub 1963.
  6. Müller-Doblies & Müller-Doblies 1996.
  7. McNeill 2012.

Bibliography