Coatesia

Last updated

Coatesia
Coatesia paniculata.jpg
Young specimen in the Main Range, Queensland, Australia.
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Rosids
Order: Sapindales
Family: Rutaceae
Subfamily: Zanthoxyloideae
Genus: Coatesia
F.Muell. [1]
Species:
C. paniculata
Binomial name
Coatesia paniculata
F.Muell. [2]
Synonyms
  • Geijera helmsiaeF.M.Bailey
  • Geijera muelleriBenth. nom. illeg.
  • Geijera paniculata(F.Muell.) Druce

Coatesia is a genus of plant containing the single species Coatesia paniculata, commonly known as axe-breaker or capivi, [3] and is endemic to eastern Australia. It is a small, evergreen tree with simple, elliptical to egg-shaped leaves, panicles of white flowers on the ends of branchlets or in leaf axils and fused follicles with one black seed in each follicle.

Contents

Description

Coatesia paniculata is a tree that typically grows to a height of 3–12 m (9.8–39.4 ft). It has simple leaves that are elliptical to egg-shaped, 40–100 mm (1.6–3.9 in) long and 15–45 mm (0.59–1.77 in) wide on a petiole 9–14 mm (0.35–0.55 in) long and grooved on the upper side. The leaves are glabrous, the upper surface glossy dark green and the lower surface paler, and are strongly fragrant when crushed. The flowers are arranged on the ends of branchlets or in upper leaf axils, in panicles 15–90 mm (0.59–3.54 in) long. The five sepals are about 1 mm (0.039 in) long and fused at the base, the five white petals 2.5–3 mm (0.098–0.118 in) long, and there are five stamens that are opposite to and shorter than the petals. Flowering occurs from April to May and the fruit is oval, beaked and 8–9 mm (0.31–0.35 in) long with one glossy black seed in each of the two or three follicles. [3] [4] [5] [6]

Taxonomy

The genus Coatesia and the species Coatesia paniculata were first formally described in 1862 by Ferdinand von Mueller in his book Fragmenta phytographiae Australiae . [7] [8] [9] As of September 2021, Plants of the World Online treated the genus as a synonym of Geijera , but it is accepted in a 2021 classification of the family Rutaceae, and placed in the subfamily Zanthoxyloideae. [10]

Distribution and habitat

Coatesia paniculata grows in rainforest, often dry rainforest, and occurs from Mount Abbot near Bowen in central-eastern Queensland and south to north-eastern New South Wales. [4] [3]

Conservation status

This tree is listed as of "least concern" under the Queensland Government Nature Conservation Act 1992 but as "endangered" under the New South Wales Government Biodiversity Conservation Act 2016 . The species is only known from a few locations near Tweed Heads, Lismore and Wardell in New South Wales and is threatened by land clearing, weed invasion and grazing by domestic livestock. [6] [11]

Related Research Articles

<i>Geijera</i> Genus of flowering plants

Geijera is a genus of shrubs and trees in the family Rutaceae and are native to New Guinea, Australia and New Caledonia. They have simple leaves arranged alternately, panicles of bisexual flowers usually with five, sometimes four, sepals, petals and stamens and fruit containing shiny black seeds.

<i>Flindersia ifflana</i> Species of flowering plant

Flindersia ifflana, commonly known as hickory ash or Cairns hickory, is a species of tree in the family Rutaceae and is native to Papua New Guinea and Queensland. It has pinnate leaves with between four and twelve egg-shaped to elliptical leaflets, panicles of white or cream-coloured flowers and woody fruit studded with rough points.

<i>Flindersia schottiana</i> Species of flowering plant

Flindersia schottiana, commonly known as bumpy ash, cudgerie or silver ash, is a species of rainforest tree in the family Rutaceae and is native to New Guinea and eastern Australia. It has pinnate leaves with mostly ten to sixteen leaflets, panicles of white flowers and woody fruit studded with rough points.

<i>Melicope elleryana</i> Species of shrub

Melicope elleryana, commonly known as pink flowered doughwood, pink evodia, corkwood, or saruwa, is a species of rainforest shrub or tree in the family Rutaceae, and is native to New Guinea, parts of eastern Indonesia, the Solomon Islands and northern Australia. It has trifoliate leaves and pink to white, bisexual flowers arranged in panicles in leaf axils.

<i>Acradenia euodiiformis</i> Species of tree

Acradenia euodiiformis, commonly known as yellow satinheart or bonewood, is a species of tree that is endemic to eastern Australia. It has mostly trifoliate leaves, the leaflets narrow elliptic to lance-shaped, with prominent oil glands, and panicles of white flowers. It grows in and near rainforest.

<i>Melicope micrococca</i> Species of tree

Melicope micrococca, commonly known as hairy-leaved doughwood or white euodia, is a species of shrub or slender tree in the family Rutaceae and is endemic to eastern Australia. It has trifoliate leaves and white flowers borne in panicles in leaf axils.

<i>Pentaceras</i> Genus of trees

Pentaceras australe, commonly known as bastard crow's ash, penta ash or black teak, is the only species in the genus Pentaceras in the plant family Rutaceae. It is a small to medium-sized rainforest tree endemic to eastern Australia. It has pinnate leaves with up to fifteen leaflets, small white flowers arranged in panicles on the ends of branchlets, and winged seeds.

<i>Acronychia wilcoxiana</i> Species of tree

Acronychia wilcoxiana, commonly known as silver aspen, doughwood, snowwood or mushyberry, is a species of small rainforest tree that is endemic to eastern Australia. It has simple, elliptical to egg-shaped leaves with the narrower end towards the base, relatively large groups of whitish flowers in leaf axils and broadly oval to more or less spherical, white fruit.

<i>Melicope polybotrya</i> Species of shrub

Melicope polybotrya is a species of shrub or small tree in the family Rutaceae and is endemic to Lord Howe Island. It has trifoliate leaves and green flowers borne in short panicles in leaf axils.

<i>Bosistoa pentacocca</i> Species of flowering plant

Bosistoa pentacocca, commonly known as ferny-leaf bosistoa, native almond or union nut, is a species of tree that is endemic to eastern Australia. It has pinnate leaves arranged in opposite pairs with between three and thirteen leaflets and panicles of small flowers arranged in leaf axils or on the ends of branches. It grows along streams in rainforest.

<i>Melicope bonwickii</i> Species of tree

Melicope bonwickii, commonly known as the yellow evodia or yellow corkwood, is a species of tree in the family Rutaceae and is native to Java and the Philippines, and southward to New Guinea and north-eastern Australia. It has trifoliate leaves and small pink flowers borne in panicles in leaf axils.

<i>Boronia lanceolata</i> Species of flowering plant

Boronia lanceolata is a plant in the citrus family Rutaceae and is endemic to northern parts of the Northern Territory and Queensland. It is an erect shrub with many branches, elliptic to lance-shaped leaves and white or pink, four-petalled flowers. It is the most common boronia in the Northern Territory.

<i>Bosistoa medicinalis</i> Species of flowering plant

Bosistoa medicinalis, commonly known as the northern towra or Eumundi bosistoa, is a species of small to medium-sized rainforest tree that is endemic to Queensland. It has simple and pinnate leaves with two or three leaflets and panicles of small white flowers.

<i>Acronychia imperforata</i> Species of flowering plant

Acronychia imperforata, commonly known as Logan apple, Fraser Island apple, or green tree, is a species of rainforest shrub or small tree that is endemic to north-eastern Australia. It has simple, elliptical to egg-shaped leaves, small groups of yellowish or creamy white flowers and fleshy spherical to oval fruit.

<i>Acronychia vestita</i> Species of flowering plant

Acronychia vestita, commonly known as white aspen, lemon aspen, hairy aspen or fuzzy lemon aspen, is a species of rainforest tree that is endemic to Queensland. It has simple, elliptic to egg-shaped leaves with the narrower end towards the base, flowers arranged in relatively large groups, mostly in leaf axils and fleshy, pear-shaped to more or less spherical fruit.

<i>Bouchardatia neurococca</i> Species of flowering plant

Bouchardatia neurococca, commonly known as union nut, is a species of small rainforest tree that is endemic to eastern Australia. It has pinnate leaves with three or five narrow elliptical leaflets, white flowers arranged in panicles, and oval follicles.

<i>Dinosperma</i> Genus of flowering plants

Dinosperma is a genus of plant containing the single species Dinosperma erythrococcum, commonly known as tingletongue, clubwood or nutmeg, and is endemic to north-eastern Australia. It is a tree usually with trifoliate leaves arranged in opposite pairs, the leaflets lance-shaped to oblong, and panicles of small white flowers, later bright orange to red, slightly fleshy follicles containing shiny, bluish black seeds.

<i>Medicosma fareana</i> Species of tree

Medicosma fareana, commonly known as white aspen, is a species of rainforest small tree in the family Rutaceae and is endemic to north Queensland. It has elliptical leaves and white or cream-coloured flowers borne singly or in small groups in leaf axils.

<i>Melicope vitiflora</i> Species of tree

Melicope vitiflora, commonly known as northern evodia, fishpoison wood, leatherjacket or leatherwood, is a species of shrub or small tree in the family Rutaceae and is native to north-eastern Australia and New Guinea. It has trifoliate leaves and green to white or cream-coloured flowers borne in panicles in leaf axils.

<i>Melicope xanthoxyloides</i> Species of tree

Melicope xanthoxyloides is a species of small tree in the family Rutaceae and is native to New Guinea and Queensland. It has trifoliate leaves and small green to yellow or cream-coloured flowers arranged in panicles in leaf axils.

References

  1. "Coatesia". Australian Plant Census. Retrieved 9 July 2020.
  2. "Coatesia paniculata". Australian Plant Census. Retrieved 9 July 2020.
  3. 1 2 3 F.A.Zich; B.P.M.Hyland; T.Whiffen; R.A.Kerrigan (2020). "Coatesia paniculata". Australian Tropical Rainforest Plants Edition 8 (RFK8). Centre for Australian National Biodiversity Research (CANBR), Australian Government . Retrieved 30 June 2021.
  4. 1 2 Hartley, Thomas G. (2013). Wilson, Annette J.G. (ed.). Flora of Australia (Volume 26). Canberra: Australian Biological Resources Study. p. 72. Retrieved 9 July 2020.
  5. Duretto, Marco F. "Coatesia paniculata". Royal Botanic Garden Sydney. Retrieved 9 July 2020.
  6. 1 2 "Axe-Breaker - profile". New South Wales Government Office of Environment and Heritage. Retrieved 9 July 2020.
  7. "Coatesia". APNI. Retrieved 9 July 2020.
  8. "Coatesia paniculata". APNI. Retrieved 9 July 2020.
  9. von Mueller, Ferdinand (1862). Fragmenta phytographiae Australiae. Vol. 3. Melbourne: Victorian Government Printer. pp. 26–27. Retrieved 9 July 2020.
  10. Appelhans, Marc S.; Bayly, Michael J.; Heslewood, Margaret M.; Groppo, Milton; Verboom, G. Anthony; Forster, Paul I.; Kallunki, Jacquelyn A. & Duretto, Marco F. (2021), "A new subfamily classification of the Citrus family (Rutaceae) based on six nuclear and plastid markers", Taxon, 70 (5): 1035–1061, doi: 10.1002/tax.12543 , hdl: 11343/288824
  11. "Species profile—Coatesia paniculata". Queensland Government Department of Environment and Science. Retrieved 9 July 2020.