Comparison of software and protocols for distributed social networking

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Distributed social network projects generally develop software, protocols, or both.

Contents

Projects

Project NameFeaturesSoftware TypeProgramming LanguageLicenseProtocolsPrivacy Support (name specific technologies used) Federation (with other applications or services)InstancesMaturity
AT Protocol [1] microbloggingserver TypeScript [2] Dual (MIT, Apache 2.0)AT ProtocolYes (E2EE)YesPrimarily Bluesky beta
diaspora* Status messages, blogging, photo sharing, privacy enhancedserver [3] Ruby AGPL v3Diaspora, [4] Salmon [5] Yes, through "aspects"Yes, own federation protocol [6] 232 'nodes/pods' listed on The-Federation.info [7] stable 0.7.12.0 [8]
Friendica [9] Rich profiles, networking groups, community/group/celebrity pages, richtext status (not specifically length limited), photo albums, YouTube share, location, like/dislike, multiple profiles w/assignment to specific friends, single sign on to post directly to friend's profiles on co-operating systems. Communications encryption. Fans and one-way relationships. Local and global directory services. Ability to restrict connection endpoints.server [10] PHP AGPL v3 [11] ActivityPub, OStatus, [12] Diaspora, OpenID, DFRN, [13] extensiveFriendica, Diaspora, GNU-Social, Mastodon, email, RSS feeds via native protocol support. Pump.io, Libertree, Twitter, Wordpress and Tumblr via connectors and/or third party services.more than 113 servers according to external statistics, [14] more than 300 servers in total according to internal federation statistics.stable
GNU social [15] microblogging server [16] (formerly known as StatusNet)PHP AGPL v3 OStatus, [17] OpenID, partial Diaspora support ?YesAround 200 servers [18] stable [19]
Hubzilladecentralised identity and community platform, also provides blogs, rich social networking, cloud storage and internet-scale access control/privacyserverPHP, Javascript MIT ActivityPub, [20] diaspora, [20] OStatus, [20] Zot, [21] Zot6 [22] Extensivevia external connectors279 [23] stable
Mastodon microbloggingserver Ruby on Rails, React.js AGPL v3 ActivityPub YesYesAround 18,400 servers [24] stable
Minds Free, open source, decentralized, and based on a foundation of transparency and privacyserver, [25] front, [26] mobile app [27] PHP [25] [28] AGPL v3 [29] OpenSSL, RabbitMQ [30] Yes [31] Yes [32] beta
Misskey [33] [34] Microblogging social-networkserver, web-client Node.js, Typescript / JavaScript AGPL v3 ActivityPub YesYes, nodes supporting ActivityPub More than 700 instances [35] [36] stable
Movim XMPP client + Microbloggingserver and webclientPHP AGPL v3 XMPP YesXMPP16 'pods' [37] stable
Mobilizon Events & Communities (similar to Meetup.com), Groups, shared folders, Account Not Required (to search events), Multiple Profiles, anti-addiction-by-design (Saving Your Attention {"…not a social media, nor a hobby: it is a tool…"})}Server and…? [38] Phoenix (web framework) / Elixir (programming language), and Vue.js for UI/front-end AGPL v3 ActivityPub [39] Yes (but needs to be looked up to add here)ActivityPub83 'instances' listed on the site [40] stable 3.1.3 [41]
Nostr Open protocol that enables global, decentralized, and censorship-resistant social media.Servers (relays) and clientsMultiple implementationsPublic DomainNostrYeswith Minds Hundreds of relays stable
Peergos [42] P2P storage, social network, and application protocolp2p, server, web-clientJava, Go, JavascriptAGPLv3libp2p, bitswapYes (E2EE)Yes, via libp2pstable
Pleroma [43] Microblogging social-networkserver, web-client Elixir (programming language) AGPL v3 OStatus, ActivityPub, Gopher [44] YesYes, nodes supporting ActivityPub and OStatus (except StatusNet for now)Over 500 instances [45] stable
Plume [46] Federated blogging engineserver, web-client Rust (programming language) AGPL v3 ActivityPub YesYes, nodes supporting ActivityPub Around 12 instances [47] stable/beta (0.2.0 not released yet)
pump.io stream server supporting social networking capabilitiesserver, clients Node.js, JavaScript Apache 2.0pump.io API [48] YesYes72, [49] including Identi.ca stable
Retroshare Private messaging and VoIP, group chats, distributed forums, file transfersclient-server, [50] web interface Qt, C++ Various Open Source licenses (with some exceptions) [51] DHT, GPG, OpenSSL YesJust with apps based on the same API stable
Libervia (formerly "Salut à Toi") [52] [53] multi-frontends, microblogging, group microblogging, file sharing, games, XMPP clientXMPP client (multi-frontends), web server, SMTP/IMAP serverPython, C++ AGPL XMPP, and ActivityPub in beta as of 2022. [54] through XMPP groups, presence authorisationXMPP native federationdemo [55] alpha
Secure Scuttlebutt social networking, messaging, games, development toolsclient-server, [56] applications [57] JavaScript (reference implementation)Various FLOSS licensesSecret Handshake, [58] Scuttlebutt Protocol [59] End-to-end encryption for private messages.Peer-to-peer network. Limited outside syndication.stable
Socialhome [60] Microblogging, blogging, rich-text federated profiles, home page builder.ServerPython, JavaScript AGPL Diaspora, ActivityPub YesSocialhome.network

Other servers findable from The-Federation.info

alpha
Sone [61] microblogging, media library, decentralized spam protectionP2P client, web interfaceJava, Javascript GPL Freenet Yes, Multiple Anonymous Identities, private messages via the Freemail plugin with Forward secrecy Partial, Sone messages can be read from the FMS Forum systembeta
twtxt [62] microbloggingTerminalPython (reference implementation) MIT (reference implementation)HTTP(S), RESTNo ?Approximately 100 [63] alpha

Dead or stalled projects

Project NameFeaturesSoftware TypeProgramming LanguageLicenseProtocolsPrivacy Support Federation (with other applications or services)InstancesMaturity
6d [64] (Dead Project)Blog, media library, addressbook, themeable, private messagingserver [65] PHP MIT HTTP + REST, microformats [66] Addressbook to send posts to either individuals or groups.not yetdemo [67]
5 total		alpha
AetherPeer-to-peer, ephemeral, self-governing public communities with auditable and democratic moderation. [68] P2P client Go, JavaScript [69] AGPL v3 [70] Mim [71] Yesstable, no commit or post since 2021
Appleseed [72] Photos, Journals, Messaging, Groups, Privacy controls, Status Updates, Newsfeedsserver [73] PHP GPL v2QuickSocial [74] Friend circles used to categorize friends and restrict/allow accessInternally, others easily added (plugin architecture)Appleseed [75] Approximately 120 totalcancelled project
Buddycloud [76] [77] Personal and topic channels, Buddycloud directory, channel search, channel recommender, media server, friend-finder, mobile and email push service, location, messagingserver, [78] client [79] JavaScript, NodeJS, Java Apache 2.0 XMPP, [77] Buddycloud Protocol, [80] Atom, [81] Activity Streams, [82] Location Query[ clarification needed ]YesYesDomains running buddycloud: 90 [83] last update 2015
Cunity [84] Friends, Photo Album, Filesharing, Messaging, Pinboard, Newsfeed, Memberlist, Forum, Connecting Cunitiesserver, [84] client [84] PHP, Javascript, AJAX, JQuery AGPL v3HTTP, P2PYesConnecting P2PHosted on your own webspacebeta (v1.0)
Diaspora X2 [85] (Dead Project)client [86] using buddycloud for federation XMPP, buddycloud channels, [87] Activity Streams [85]  ? ?Diaspora X2 [88]  ?
Diatum [89] Supports contact and social media appsserver, [90] clients [91] [92] Java, Typescript Apache 2.0CoreDB [93] YesYesno commit since 2021, main repository removed, alpha 0.01 [94]
DiSo Project [95] WordPress plugins [96] microformats (XFN, hCard, XOXO), OpenID, OAuth, XMPP [95]  ? ? ?
DSNP [97] DSNPd (server daemon), ChoiceSocial (web interface) [97] Distributed Social Networking Protocol (DSNP) [97] [98]  ? ?Friends in Feed, ChoiceSocial.net, DistribSocial.netbeta (v0.6)
Friend2Friend [99] Strong encryption, XML for all data exchange, Data is digitally signed LGPL Connect to known individuals. ?alpha (updated: 2009)
Jappix [100] XMPP client + Microbloggingserver, web client AGPL XMPP Excellent: based on presence authorizations ?demo [101] stable
Knowee [102] OpenID Signup, Activity Stream import and export, contact import from Web 2.0 services via XFN and FOAF, automatically updated address book from remote data sources, consolidated profile with RDF/FOAF export, personal SPARQL APIserver [103] PHP [103] W3C OpenID, FOAF  ? ?alpha
Kopal [104] OpenID Core, multiple profilesserver [105] Ruby MIT OpenID, Kopal Connect protocol, [106] Kopal Feed microformat [107]  ? ?alpha
Kune [108] real-time collaborative edition, XMPP chat, groups, calendar, lists, tasks, blogs, Apache Wave inbox (modern email), wave extensions (gadgets, robots), public webpages, profiles, galleries (photos, videos), maps, federation, usabilityserver, integrates Apache Wave Java-based GWT (generates AJAX) AGPL v3 XMPP, Wave Federation Protocol ExcellentTotal federation/interoperability with other Kune installations and Apache Wave accounts. XMPP chat interoperable with other XMPP-compliantkune.cc, [109] demo, [110] 3 in totalstable (updated: 2017)
Libertree [111] Social networkserver and webclient Ruby AGPL v3No3beta (updated: 2015)
Lorea [112] Profiles, microblogging, streams, groups, plugins, group mailing lists, tasks, calendar, subgroups, tagclouds Elgg, [113] plugins [114] GPL OpenID, Activity Streams, PubSubHubbub, WebID. Working on: OStatus [113] (60% production), XMPP/psyc (50% development), rdf+sparql (10% development)ExcellentSupported through plugin.5: project's group [115] stable (seems dead by 2016-12-28)
Mr. Privacy [116] SMTP, IMAP YesYes ?
Multichan [117] Anonymous textboard / imageboard network [118] server, webclient Python Public domain Multichan, Atom YesYes5-10 instances [119] paused on 2021-07-01, alpha 1.7 [117]
Newebe [120] one user = one node; microblogging, picture sharing, activity streamserver, web clientPython / CoffeescriptAGPL HTTP, REST APIalpha (updated: 2016)
NoseRub [121] sample server [122] NoseRub protocol / WebID [123]  ? ?demo [124]  ?
Numaverse [125] MicrobloggingP2P app"MIT" [126] Ethereum, IPFS, ActivityPub planned but never completedAlpha, no commits since April 2018
OneSocialWeb [127] Microblogging Openfire plugin, clients [128] Java Apache 2 XMPP, XMPP extensions [129] YesYesalpha
OpenAutonomy [130] Micro-blogging, RSS aggregation, Cloud storageserver, [131] web client, [131] non-web applications, [132] PHP (server), Javascript (web client), Java (native applications) MIT OpenAutonomy, XML-RPC Trusted user list and fine-grained trusted sub-groupsAll components intrinsically federated4 knownstable (r210) [131] (updated: 2015)
OpenLink Data Spaces (ODS) [133] Profile Management, Blogs, Wikis, Address Books, Calendars, Feed Aggregation, Discussion Forums (includes NNTP support), File Servers (WebDAV based Briefcase).Dual (Commercial and GPL for Open Source Edition) WebID, WebFinger, OpenID, OAuth, HTTP, SPARQL, Atom Publishing, PubSubHubbub, Semantic Pingback, OpenSocial, Social Graph API, Portable Contacts, more.WebID and othersYesid.myopenlink.net [134] among othersstable (updated: 2016)
OpenMicroBlogger User-toggleable "apps" to add/remove functionality. RSSCloud and partial OStatus (PubSubHubbub) federation as well as Open Microblogging 0.1. Local follow/unfollow. Facebook, Twitter, Flickr integration. (partial) Twitter API support. Fully Restful design, user interface consumes Rest API. MIT Open Microblogging 0.1, RSSCloud, (partial) OStatus (PubSubHubbub)YesYesalpha
Osadasocial network, microbloggingserverPHP, JavaScriptZot/6, ActivityPubExtensiveEveryone connected to ActivityPub ?unmaintained
Project Danube1) Sharing personal data with companies/organizations
2) Sharing personal data with "friends"
3) Use of personal data for "personal applications"		TBD, likely Eclipse or Apache OStatus, OAuth 2.0, WebFinger, hCard, Portable Contacts, XRI, XDI, PubSubHubbub, Salmon  ? StatusNet and Cliqset, among othersalpha
Project Nori OStatus, OAuth, Portable Contacts, WebFinger, and other open protocols ?Yesalpha
psycedprofiles, chat, microbloggingserver, clients optionalLPC [135] GPL v2
MIT [136] 		PSYC, XMPP, IRC, TELNET, HTTP, Applet, SMTP, WAP, RSS OTR, friends-only functions and profile, secret chatrooms, presence, tor integrationPSYC and XMPP5 public known ones in 2016 [137] stable (updated: 2016)
postActivmicrobloggingserver, web clientPHP, JavascriptOStatus, ActivityPub and Zot support proposed but never implementedhomepage and code forge went offline late 2019
Prismo [138] link sharingserver, web clientRuby AGPL v3ActivityPubNo commits since May 2019
Safebook [139] GPL Extensive, including communication untraceability ?demo [140] beta [141]
SMOBmicroblogging FOAF  ? ?unmaintained
Social-Igniter [142] friends, places, status, comments, modular apps (messages, blog, cart, media), themes, mobile themes, 3rd party integration (Facebook, Twitter, YouTube), editable widgets,server GPL Webfinger, PubSubHubbub, OpenID, OAuth, Activity Streams YesYes3alpha
SocialRiver [143] GPL
AGPL 		OStatus, [144] OpenID, will add support for OAuth Private Messaging, Privacy ControlsYes ?
SocialZE [145] server, web clientOSMP (Open Social Message Protocol)Yes ?alpha
Sonic [146] [147] [ citation needed ]Federation protocol for OSN servicesAPI, SDKPHP / JSON MIT Yesbeta (updated: 2018)
Synology applications packageChat, Photo Album Filesharing, Calendar, Video player, office suit, Notes, MailserverServer and (mobile) clients?ProprietaryJumpChat, Appear.in, AD/LDAPYesNoStable, some beta
Tent [148] Profiles, Developer-extensible Post and Profile Types, Data Import, Groups, Privacy Controls, Content versioningserver, [149] clients [150] Ruby (reference implementations) MIT (reference implementation)Tent, HTTPS Yes Granular permissions (Access Control Lists for all content)YesTent.isalpha (0.2)
Thimbl [151] microblogging Finger, SSH  ?Planned for futurealpha
Twister [152] microbloggingP2P client, web interfaceC++, Javascript MIT and BSD Bitcoin, Torrent, DHT Yes End-to-end encryption for private messagesnot yetbeta, abandoned by author in 2020, no issues closed or commits since 2022
Zapsocial network, microblogging, cloud storageserverPHP, JavaScript MIT Zot/6, ActivityPubExtensiveYes ?stable, repository deleted [153]

Other federated communication or storage solutions

Project NameFeaturesSoftware TypeProgramming LanguageLicenseProtocolsPrivacy Support Federation (with other applications or services)InstancesMaturity
Element FOSS Chat with strong encryptionWeb client, desktop app, android app, ios appJavaScript, ObjectiveC, Swift, Java, KotlinApache License 2.0 Matrix protocolYes. e2ee in Personal message by default. e2ee must be enabled for group chatFreenode, snoonet, gitter, OFTC. Can bridge to many other services2117 matrix nodes [154] stable
Lemmy Social news or internet forum (like Reddit)server and webclient Rust, Actix, Diesel, Inferno, Typescript [155] AGPL v3 ActivityPub Development not yet complete, more privacy options are likely to be implemented.Yeslemmy.ml and morestable
Nextcloud online storage, data synchronization, file encryption, calendar, task scheduler, address book, media streaming, content sharing, bookmarking, photo gallery, video viewer, RSS/Atom feed reader, drawing, polls, markdown editing, Collabora office suite, mind mapping, notes, PDF viewer, 2FA, custom terms of service, maps, and many moreserver, client, web client, mobile apps PHP, JavaScript GNU AGPLv3 WebDAV, HTTP, OAuth, OpenID YesYesservice providersstable
ownCloud online storage, data synchronization, file encryption, calendar, task scheduler, address book, media streaming, content sharing, bookmarking, photo gallery, video viewer, RSS/Atom feed readerserver, client, web-client PHP, JavaScript AGPL v3 WebDAV, Federated Cloud Sharing API, [156] Open Collaboration Services YesYesservice providers [157] stable
SparkleShare [158] Collaboration and sharing tool inspired by DropboxPython (Nautilus plugin), C# (rest)GPLv3SSHYes, encryption optionplannedalpha

See also

Related Research Articles

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The tables below compare general and technical information for some notable active microblogging services, and also social network services that have status updates.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Elgg (software)</span> Open source social networking software

Elgg is open source social networking software that provides individuals and organizations with the components needed to create an online social environment. It offers blogging, microblogging, file sharing, networking, groups and a number of other features. It was also the first platform to bring ideas from commercial social networking platforms to educational software.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Diaspora (social network)</span> Nonprofit, user-owned, distributed social network

Diaspora is a nonprofit, user-owned, distributed social network. It consists of a group of independently owned nodes which interoperate to form the network. The social network is not owned by any one person or entity, keeping it from being subject to corporate take-overs or advertising. According to its developer, "our distributed design means no big corporation will ever control Diaspora."

<span class="mw-page-title-main">OStatus</span> Open microblogging protocol

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Friendica</span> Free software for distributed social networks

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">F-Droid</span> Repository for free and open source Android apps

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Movim</span>

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Matrix (protocol)</span> Networking protocol for real-time communication and data synchronization

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">PeerTube</span> Decentralised video hosting network

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Fediverse</span> Network of federated social media servers

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">ActivityPub</span> Decentralized social networking protocol

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Secure Scuttlebutt</span> Decentralized social network

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Bluesky (social network)</span> Decentralized social media network

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Lemmy (social network)</span> Open source social media software

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Mobilizon</span> Open source meeting software

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