Condylopyge

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Condylopyge
Temporal range: latest Lower to early Middle Cambrian (Toyonian to Mayaian)
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Condylopyge cephalon dorsal.jpg
Condylopyge rex pygidium II.jpg
Cephalon (top) and pygidium (bottom) of Condylopyge rex
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Class: Trilobita (?)
Order: Agnostida
Family: Condylopygidae
Genus: Condylopyge
Hawle & Corda, 1847
Species
  • C. rex(Barrande, 1846) (type) synonyms Battus rex, Agnostus rex
  • C. amitinaRushton, 1966
  • C. antiquaElicki & Pillola, 2004
  • C. imperatorHowell, 1935
  • C. blayaci(Howell, 1935) synonym Fallagnostus blayaci
  • C. globosa(Illing, 1916)
  • C. carinataWestergård, 1936
  • C. cruzensis Liñan & Gozalo, 1986
  • C. eliGeyer, 1998
  • C. matutinaDean, 2005
  • C. regia(Sjögren, 1872)
  • C. aff. regia(Sjögren, 1872)
  • C. spinigeraWestergård, 1944
  • C. vicinaEgorova in Savitsky et al., 1972
  • C. cambrensis Hicks (in Harkness and Hicks, 1871), probably a senior synonym of C. carinata Westergård, 1936
Synonyms
  • Paragnostus
  • Fallagnostus

Condylopyge [1] is a genus of agnostid trilobite that lived during the late Lower and early Middle Cambrian, in what are today Canada (Newfoundland and New Brunswick), the Czech Republic, England and Wales, France, Germany, Italy, Morocco, the Russian Federation (North-East Siberia), Spain, Turkey and Sweden. It can easily be distinguished from all other Agnostida because the frontal glabellar lobe is notably wider than the rear lobe. It belongs to the same family as Pleuroctenium but the frontal glabellar lobe does not fold around the rear lobe, as it does in that genus. Condylopyge is long ranging, possibly spanning the early Cambrian Terreneuvian Series in Nuneaton, central England into at least Drumian strata (middle stage of the Miaolingian Series) at various locations elsewhere.

Contents

Description

Condylopyge anatomy.png

Condylopyge is isopygous with cephalon and pygidium of approximately equal size. The characteristic lateral expansion of the frontal glabellar lobe, occipital structures, and pygidial axis with three pairs of lateral lobes and a terminal piece differentiate Condylopygidae from all other agnostids. The presence of a spine on the occipital band has been recognised as a distinctive feature of condylopygoids (Rushton 1966: p. 29). Condylopyge is easily distinguished from its sister taxon, Pleuroctenium, because the frontal glabellar lobe does not extend partially around the posterior glabellar lobe. Furthermore the frontal glabellar lobe is never bisected medially as in Pleuroctenium. The pygidium may carry a pair of backwardly directed spines, but this also occurs regularly in Pleuroctenium. [2]

Distribution

References

  1. HAWLE, J. & CORDA, A. J. C. 1847. Prodrom einer Monographieder bohmischen Trilobiten. 176 pp. J. G. Calve, Prague
  2. 1 2 WHITTINGTON, H. B. et al. Part O, Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology. Revised, Volume 1 – Trilobita – Introduction, Order Agnostida, Order Redlichiida. 1997
  3. GEYER, G., & VINCENT, T. The Paradoxides puzzle resolved: the appearance of the oldest paradoxidines and its bearing on the Cambrian Series 3 lower boundary. Paläontologische Zeitschrift89 (3) 89:335–39
  4. MERGL, M.; ELICKI, O. (2004). "Cambrian lingulid and acrotretid brachiopods from the Iglesiente area (Campo Pisano Formation, southwestern Sardinia)". Rivista Italiana di Paleontologia e Stratigrafia. 3 (110): 581–589.
  5. RUSHTON, A. W. A. 1966. The Cambrian Trilobites from the Purley Shales of Warwickshire. Palaeontographical Society Monographs (1): p.29 pl.4 figs. 1 a - b.
  6. HOWELL, B. F. (1935). "Cambrian and Ordovician trilobites from Herault, southern France". Journal of Paleontology. 3 (9): 222–238.
  7. MYKERINOS. "Condylopyge cf. carinata". Forum des chercheurs de trilobites. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 20 May 2013.
  8. WESTERGÄRD, A. H., 1936: Paradoxides oelandicus beds of Öland, with the account of a diamond boring through the Cambrian at Mossberga. Sveriges Geologiska Undersökning C 394, 1–66.
  9. REES, A. J., THOMAS, A. T., LEWIS, M., HUGHES, H. E. & TURNER, P. 2014. The Cambrian of SW Wales: Towards a United Avalonian Stratigraphy. Geological Society, London, Memoirs, 42, 1 – 30.
  10. GARCIA-BELLIDO, D. C.; DIES ALVARES, M. E.; GAMEZ VINTANED, J.A.; LINAN, E.; GOZALO, R. (2011). "First report of Crumillospongia (Demospongea) from the Cambrian of Europe (Murero biota, Spain)". Bulletin of Geosciences. 3 (86): 641–650. doi: 10.3140/bull.geosci.1253 . hdl: 10261/61397 .
  11. DEAN, W. T. (2005). "Trilobites from the Çal Tepe Formation (Cambrian), near Seydişehir, Central Taurides, Southwestern Turkey" (PDF). Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences (Turkish J. Earth Sci.) (14): 1–71. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2016-03-03. Retrieved 2013-05-20.
  12. ILLING, V. C. 1916. The paradoxidian fauna of a part of the Stockingford Shales. Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society, London, 71 [for 1915], 386 – 450.
  13. LIÑAN, E.; DIEZ, M. E.; VINTANED, J. A. G.; GOZALO, R.; MAYORAL, E.; MUÑIZ, F. (2005). "Lower Ovetian (Lower Cambrian) trilobites and biostratigraphy of the Pedroche Formation (Sierra de Córdoba, southern Spain)" . Géobios. 38 (3): 365–381. Bibcode:2005Geobi..38..365L. doi:10.1016/j.geobios.2003.11.007.
  14. WESTERGÄRD, A. H. 1946. Agnostidea of the Middle Cambrian of Sweden. Sveriges Geologiska Untersokning, Avhandlingar Series C. no. 526.
  15. RUSHTON, A. W. A. & WEIDNER, T. 2007. The Middle Cambrian paradoxidid trilobite Hydrocephalus from Jämtland, central Sweden. Acta Geologica Polonica, 57 (4), 391 - 401. Warszawa.
  16. GEYER, G.; LANDING, E. (2001). "Middle Cambrian of Avalonian Massachusetts: Stratigraphy and correlation of the Braintree trilobites" . Journal of Paleontology. 1 (75): 116–135. doi:10.1666/0022-3360(2001)075<0116:mcoams>2.0.co;2. S2CID   130041666.
  17. ZAMORA, S.; SMITH, A. B. (2008). "A new Middle Cambrian stem-group echinoderm from Spain: Palaeobiological implications of a highly asymmetric cinctan". Acta Palaeontologica Polonica. 53 (2): 207–220. doi: 10.4202/app.2008.0204 .
  18. SAVITSKY, V. E., EVTUSHCHENOKO, V. M., EGOROVA, L. I., KONTOROVICH, A. E., SHABANOV, Y. Y. (eds) (1972): Kembriy Sibirskoy platformy (Yudoma-Olenekskiy tip razreza. Kuonamskiy kompleks otlozheniy) [Cambrian of the Siberian platform (Judomian–Olenetsky type section, Kuonamsky Complex deposits)]. − Trudy Sibirskiy nauchno-issledovatel’skiy Institut geologii, geofiziki i mineral’nogo syr’ya (SNIIGGiMS), 130: 1 – 199. (in Russian).
  19. FLETCHER, T. P. & RUSHTON, A. W. A. 2007. The Cambrian Fauna of the Leny Limestone, Perthshire, Scotland. Earth and Environmental Science Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh98(02): 199 - 218.