Drumian

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Drumian
~504.5 – ~500.5 Ma
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Chronology
Etymology
Name formalityFormal
Name ratified2006 [2]
Former name(s)Cambrian Stage 6
Usage information
Celestial body Earth
Regional usageGlobal (ICS)
Time scale(s) usedICS Time Scale
Definition
Chronological unit Age
Stratigraphic unit Stage
First proposed byBabcock et al., 2006 [3]
Time span formalityFormal
Lower boundary definition FAD of the Trilobite Ptychagnostus atavus
Lower boundary GSSPDrumian section, Wheeler Shale, Utah, U.S.A.
39°30′42″N112°59′29″W / 39.5117°N 112.9915°W / 39.5117; -112.9915
Lower GSSP ratified2006 [2]
Upper boundary definitionFAD of the Trilobite Lejopyge laevigata
Upper boundary GSSPLuoyixi section, Luoyixi, Guzhang, Hunan, China
28°43′12″N109°57′53″E / 28.7200°N 109.9647°E / 28.7200; 109.9647
Upper GSSP ratified2008 [4]

39°30′42″N112°59′29″W / 39.5117°N 112.9915°W / 39.5117; -112.9915 The Drumian is a stage of the Miaolingian Series of the Cambrian. It succeeds the Wuliuan and precedes the Guzhangian. The base is defined as the first appearance of the trilobite Ptychagnostus atavus around 504.5 million years ago. The top is defined as the first appearance of another trilobite Lejopyge laevigata around 500.5 million years ago.

Contents

GSSP

The GSSP is defined in the Drumian section ( 39°30′42″N112°59′29″W / 39.5117°N 112.9915°W / 39.5117; -112.9915 ) in the Drum Mountains, Millard County, Utah, United States. [2] The stage was also named after the Drum Mountains. The section is an outcrop of the Wheeler Formation, a succession of calcareous shales. The precise base of the Drumian is a laminated limestone 62 m (203 ft) above the base of the Wheeler Formation. [5]

Major events

The Cambrian Drumian carbon isotope excursion (DICE) event is associated with the beginning of this age. [6] The cause of this event was the shallowing of anoxic deep waters simultaneously with their transgression. DICE hampered the recovery of reef ecosystems already affected by the early–middle Cambrian mass extinctions. [7] In the middle–late Drumian, there was a radiation interval, before the next extinction event. [8]

Paleontology

Numerous sponges, palaeoscolecids and euarthropods (including radiodonts) are known from the Drumian deposits. [9] [10] [11]

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Furongian</span> Fourth and final epoch and series of the Cambrian

The Furongian is the fourth and final epoch and series of the Cambrian. It lasted from 497 to 485.4 million years ago. It succeeds the Miaolingian series of the Cambrian and precedes the Lower Ordovician Tremadocian Stage. It is subdivided into three stages: the Paibian, Jiangshanian and the unnamed 10th stage of the Cambrian.

<i>Peytoia</i> Extinct genus of radiodont

Peytoia is a genus of hurdiid radiodont, an early diverging order of stem-group arthropods, that lived in the Cambrian period, containing two species, Peytoia nathorsti from the Miaolingian of Canada and Peytoia infercambriensis from Poland, dating to Cambrian Stage 3. Its two frontal appendages had long bristle-like spines, it had no fan tail, and its short stalked eyes were behind its large head.

The Paibian is the lowest stage of the Furongian Series of the Cambrian System. The Paibian is also the first age of the Furongian Epoch of the Cambrian Period. It follows the Guzhangian and is succeeded by the Jiangshanian Stage. The base is defined as the first appearance of the trilobite Glyptagnostus reticulatus around 497 million years ago. The top, or the base of the Jiangshanian is defined as the first appearance of the trilobite Agnostotes orientalis around 494 million years ago.

Trilobites are used as index fossils to subdivide the Cambrian period. Assemblages of trilobites define trilobite zones. The Olenellus-zone has traditionally marked the top of the Lower Cambrian, and is followed by the Eokochaspis zone.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Marjum Formation</span>

The Marjum Formation is a Cambrian geological formation that overlies the Wheeler Shale in the House Range, Utah. It is named after its type locality, Marjum Pass, and was defined in 1908. The formation is known for its occasional preservation of soft-bodied tissue, and is slightly younger than the Burgess Shale, falling in the Ptychagnostus praecurrens trilobite zone.

<i>Caryosyntrips</i> Extinct genus of arthropod

Caryosyntrips ("nutcracker") is an extinct genus of stem-arthropod which known from Canada, United States and Spain during the middle Cambrian. It was first named by Allison C. Daley and Graham E. Budd in 2010, being the type species Caryosyntrips serratus.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Terreneuvian</span> First epoch of the Cambrian Period

The Terreneuvian is the lowermost and oldest series of the Cambrian geological system. Its base is defined by the first appearance datum of the trace fossil Treptichnus pedum around 538.8 million years ago. Its top is defined as the first appearance of trilobites in the stratigraphic record around 521 million years ago. This series' name was formally accepted by the International Commission on Stratigraphy in 2007.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Fortunian</span>

The Fortunian age marks the beginning of the Phanerozoic Eon, the Paleozoic Era, and the Cambrian Period. It is the first of the two stages of the Terreneuvian series. Its base is defined as the first appearance of the trace fossil Treptichnus pedum 538.8 million years ago. The top of the Fortunian which is the base of the Stage 2 of the Cambrian has not been formally defined yet, but will correspond to the appearance of an Archeocyatha species or "Small shelly fossils" approximately 529 million years ago.

The Jiangshanian is the middle stage of the Furongian series. It follows the Paibian Stage and is succeeded by the still unnamed Stage 10 of the Cambrian. The base is defined as the first appearance of the trilobite Agnostotes orientalis which is estimated to be 494 million years ago. The Jiangshanian lasted until approximately 489.5 million years ago.

The Guzhangian is an uppermost stage of the Miaolingian Series of the Cambrian. It follows the Drumian Stage and precedes the Paibian Stage of the Furongian Series. The base is defined as the first appearance of the trilobite Lejopyge laevigata around 500.5 million years ago. The Guzhangian-Paibian boundary is marked by the first appearance of the trilobite Glyptagnostus reticulatus around 497 million years ago.

The Wuliuan stage is the fifth stage of the Cambrian, and the first stage of the Miaolingian Series of the Cambrian. It was formally defined by the International Commission on Stratigraphy in 2018. Its base is defined by the first appearance of the trilobite species Oryctocephalus indicus; it ends with the beginning of the Drumian Stage, marked by the first appearance of the trilobite Ptychagnostus atavus around 504.5 million years ago.

<i>Ptychagnostus atavus</i> Extinct species of trilobite

Ptychagnostus atavus is a species of agnostid trilobite. It was originally described by Swedish paleontologist Sven Axel Tullberg as Agnostus atavus in 1880. It is used in biostratigraphy as an index fossil. Its first appearance at the GSSP section in the Wheeler Shale of Utah is defined as the beginning of the Drumian Age of the Miaolingian.

Stage 10 of the Cambrian is the still unnamed third and final stage of the Furongian series. It follows the Jiangshanian and precedes the Ordovician Tremadocian Stage. The proposed lower boundary is the first appearance of the trilobite Lotagnostus americanus around 489.5 million years ago, but other fossils are also being discussed. The upper boundary is defined as the appearance of the conodont Iapetognathus fluctivagus which marks the beginning of the Tremadocian and is radiometrically dated as 485.4 million years ago.

<i>Lejopyge laevigata</i> Extinct species of trilobite

Lejopyge laevigata is a species of agnostid trilobite belonging to the genus Lejopyge. It existed during the Guzhangian to the Paibian Age of the Cambrian. It has a cosmopolitan distribution and is an important index fossil in biostratigraphy.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Miaolingian</span> Third epoch of the Cambrian period

The Miaolingian is the third Series of the Cambrian Period, and was formally named in 2018. It lasted from about 509 to 497 million years ago and is divided in ascending order into 3 stages: the Wuliuan, Drumian, and Guzhangian. The Miaolingian is preceded by the unnamed Cambrian Series 2 and succeeded by the Furongian series.

Cambrian Stage 4 is the still unnamed fourth stage of the Cambrian and the upper stage of Cambrian Series 2. It follows Cambrian Stage 3 and lies below the Wuliuan. The lower boundary has not been formally defined by the International Commission on Stratigraphy. One proposal is the first appearance of two trilobite genera, Olenellus or Redlichia. Another proposal is the first appearance of the trilobite species Arthricocephalus chauveaui. Both proposals will set the lower boundary close to 514 million years ago. The upper boundary corresponds to the beginning of the Wuliuan.

Agnostotes orientalis is a species of agnostid trilobite belonging to the genus Agnostotes. It existed during the Jiangshanian Age of the Cambrian. It is an important index fossil in biostratigraphy.

Luoyixi Town is a Town in Guzhang County of China's Hunan Province. It is located on a bay of the Fengtan Reservoir. As of the census of 2010, it has a total population of 10,000.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ctenocystoidea</span> Extinct clade of marine invertebrates

Ctenocystoidea is an extinct clade of echinoderms, which lived during the Cambrian and Ordovician periods. Unlike other echinoderms, ctenocystoids had bilateral symmetry, or were only very slightly asymmetrical. They are believed to be one of the earliest-diverging branches of echinoderms, with their bilateral symmetry a trait shared with other deuterostomes. Ctenocystoids were once classified in the taxon Homalozoa, also known as Carpoidea, alongside cinctans, solutes, and stylophorans. Homalozoa is now recognized as a polyphyletic group of echinoderms without radial symmetry. Ctenocystoids were geographically widespread during the Middle Cambrian, with one species surviving into the Late Ordovician.

References

  1. ↑ "International Chronostratigraphic Chart" (PDF). International Commission on Stratigraphy . September 2023. Retrieved December 2, 2024.
  2. 1 2 3 Babcock, Loren; Robison, Richard; Rees, Margaret; Peng, Shanchi; Saltzman, Matthew (June 2007). "The Global boundary Stratotype Section and Point (GSSP) of the Drumian Stage (Cambrian) in the Drum Mountains, Utah, USA" (PDF). Episodes. 30 (2): 85–89. doi: 10.18814/epiiugs/2007/v30i2/003 . Archived (PDF) from the original on 2024-03-28. Retrieved 2024-04-03.
  3. ↑ Babcock, Loren; Robinson, Richard; Rees, Margaret; Shanchi, Peng; Saltzman, Matthew. "PROPOSED GLOBAL STANDARD STRATOTYPE-SECTION AND POINT FOR THE DRUMIAN STAGE (CAMBRIAN)" (PDF). International Subcommission on Cambrian Stratigraphy. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2020-07-09. Retrieved 2024-04-03.
  4. ↑ Peng, Shanchi; Babcock, Loren; Zuo, Jingxun; Lin, Huanling; Zhu, Xuejian; Yang, Xianfeng; Robison, Richard; Qi, Yuping; Bagnoli, Gabriella; Chen, Yong’an (March 2009). "The Global Boundary Stratotype Section and Point (GSSP) of the Guzhangian Stage (Cambrian) in the Wuling Mountains, Northwestern Hunan, China". Episodes. 32 (1): 41–55. doi: 10.18814/epiiugs/2009/v32i1/006 . Retrieved 2024-04-03.
  5. ↑ "GSSP for Drumian Stage". Archived from the original on 2023-11-05. Retrieved 2024-04-03.
  6. ↑ Anaïs Pagès, Susanne Schmid (2016). "Euxinia linked to the Cambrian Drumian carbon isotope excursion (DICE) in Australia: Geochemical and chemostratigraphic evidence". Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology. 461: 65-76. Bibcode:2016PPP...461...65P. doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2016.08.008.
  7. ↑ Dandan Li, Xu Zhang, Shan-Chi Peng, Yanan Shen, Xiaolin Zhang, Hao Zhu, Lilin Sun (2019). "A paired carbonate–organic δ13C approach to understanding the Cambrian Drumian carbon isotope excursion (DICE)". Precambrian Research. 349: 105503. doi:10.1016/j.precamres.2019.105503.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  8. ↑ Yiying Deng, Junxuan Fan, Shengchao Yang, Yukun Shi, Zhengbo Lu, Huiqing Xu, Zongyuan Sun, Fangqi Zhao, Zhangshuai Hou (2023). "No Furongian Biodiversity Gap: Evidence from South China". Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology. 618 (1): 111492. Bibcode:2023PPP...61811492D. doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2023.111492.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  9. ↑ Lucas Del Mouro, Joseph Botting, Jacob Skabelund, Rudy Lerosey-Aubril, Robert R. Gaines, Javier Ortega-Hernández (2022). "Revision of the middle Cambrian (Drumian) sponges from the Marjum Formation of Utah, USA". Conference: 6th International Palaeontological Congress, Khon Kaen, Thailand.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  10. ↑ Stephen Pates, Samuel Zamora (2023). "Large euarthropod carapaces from a high latitude Cambrian (Drumian) deposit in Spain". Royal Society Open Science. 10 (10): 230935. Bibcode:2023RSOS...1030935P. doi:10.1098/rsos.230935. PMC   10598445 . PMID   37885986.
  11. ↑ Stephen Pates, Carlo Kier, Rudy Lerosey-Aubril, Allison C. Daley, Enrico Bonino (2019). "New radiodonts from the Drumian (Miaolingian) Marjum Formation of Utah, USA". Paleobios. 36 (1): 116.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)


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