Consolidated Commodore

Last updated

Commodore
CommodorePAA300dpi (4482563266).jpg
Consolidated Commodore flying boat
General information
TypeCommercial transport flying-boat
National originUnited States
Manufacturer Consolidated Aircraft
Primary user Pan American Airways
Number built14
History
Introduction date1930 [1]
First flight28 September 1929
Variants Consolidated P2Y

The Consolidated Commodore was an American flying boat built by Consolidated Aircraft and used for passenger travel in the 1930s, mostly in the Caribbean, operated by companies like Pan American Airways.

Contents

History

Consolidated XPY-1 photo from Aero Digest February 1929 Consolidated XPY-1 Aero Digest February 1929.jpg
Consolidated XPY-1 photo from Aero Digest February 1929

A pioneer of the long-haul passenger aircraft industry, the Commodore "Clipper" grew out of a Navy design competition in the 1920s to create an aircraft capable of nonstop flights between the mainland of the United States and Panama, Alaska, and the Hawaiian Islands. In response to these requirements, Consolidated produced the prototype XPY-1 Admiral, designed by Isaac M. Laddon, [2] in January 1929. Consolidated lost out on the contract to produce the airplanes for the navy to the Glenn L. Martin Company. Martin produced one prototype XP2M and nine production P3Ms. The aircraft represented a marked change from earlier patrol boat designs such as the Curtiss NC.

In response to losing the Navy contract, Consolidated offered a passenger-carrying version of the XPY-1, which became known as the Commodore. A parasol wing monoplane with all-metal hull, it could accommodate 32 passengers and a crew of three. The full complement of passengers, located in three cabins, could be carried only on relatively short route segments. For a 1000-mile flight, the boat probably could accommodate no more than 14 people including the crew. Wing and tail construction consisted of a metal frame structure covered with fabric, except for metal-covered leading edges. The Commodore had significant changes from the XPY-1. These included more powerful engines, fuselage shape and structural improvements. [3]

Operational service

Consolidated Commodore cabin Passenger cabin of a New York, Rio and Buenos Aires Line Consolidated Commodore (4011550200).jpg
Consolidated Commodore cabin
Tourists with a Consolidated Commodore flying boat used by Pan Am to fly routes in the Caribbean in the 1930s. Consolidated commodore flying boat common history.jpg
Tourists with a Consolidated Commodore flying boat used by Pan Am to fly routes in the Caribbean in the 1930s.

With a first flight in 1929, a total of 14 Commodore boats were built. Starting February 18, 1930 Commodores were flown by the New York, Rio, Buenos Aires Line from the United States to South America where routes extended as far south as Buenos Aires, a distance of 9000 miles from Miami. [4] One testimony to the Commodore in Pan Am service was made by a Pan Am pilot, Marius Lodeesen who wrote " . . . the good old Consolidated Commodore was the most reliable, trusty air craft of the Pan American fleet during the early 1930s. . . . She was hoisted aloft by two engines. They must have been Pratt and Whitneys because they never gave any trouble. . . Waterlooping the Commodore was impossible. Making a bad landing in her was hard work. She was the loveliest boat I ever flew." [5] As the 1930s progressed the Commodores were gradually superseded by more efficient aircraft such as the Sikorsky S-42, Martin 130, and Boeing 314. A number of them went on to serve with other operators. The Commodore may be considered a first step in the United States along a road that was to lead to the highly efficient monoplane-type patrol and transport flying boats later in the 1930s. The XPY-1 and its civil counterpart, the Commodore, may be considered progenitors in a series of flying boat developments that led to the famous Consolidated PBY Catalina of World War II fame.

Survivors

The only known Model 16 Commodore remaining has been located in a northern Canadian lake. There is currently an ongoing project to raise and restore this airframe for display at the San Diego Air & Space Museum. [6]

Variants

Model 16
Up to 18 passengers and three crew. [7]
Model 16-1
Up to 22 passengers and three crew. [7]
Model 16-2
Up to 30 passengers and three crew. [7]

Operators

Flag of Argentina.svg  Argentina

Flag of the Bahamas.svg  Bahamas

Flag of Brazil.svg  Brazil
Flag of the Republic of China.svg  Republic of China
Flag of the United States (23px).png  United States

Accidents and incidents

Specifications (Commodore 16-1)

Consolidated Commodore 3-view drawing from L'Aerophile April 1932 Consolidated Commodore 3-view L'Aerophile April 1932.jpg
Consolidated Commodore 3-view drawing from L'Aerophile April 1932

Data from [23] [24]

General characteristics

Performance

See also

Related lists

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Vnukovo International Airport</span> International airport serving Moscow, Russia

Vnukovo, formally Vnukovo Andrei Tupolev International Airport, is a dual-runway international airport located in Vnukovo District, 28 km (17 mi) southwest of the centre of Moscow, Russia. It is one of the four major airports that serve Moscow, along with Domodedovo, Sheremetyevo, and Zhukovsky.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Antonov An-26</span> Soviet turboprop transport aircraft

The Antonov An-26 is a twin-engined turboprop civilian and military transport aircraft, designed and produced in the Soviet Union from 1969 to 1986.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Antonov An-28</span> Utility transport aircraft by Antonov

The Antonov An-28 is a twin-engined light turboprop transport aircraft, developed from the Antonov An-14M. It was the winner of a competition against the Beriev Be-30, for use by Aeroflot as a short-range airliner. It first flew in 1969. A total of 191 were built and 16 remain in airline service as at August 2015. After a short pre-production series built by Antonov, it was licence-built in Poland by PZL-Mielec. In 1993, PZL-Mielec developed its own improved variant, the PZL M28 Skytruck.

de Havilland Heron Small propeller-driven British airliner, 1950

The de Havilland DH.114 Heron is a small propeller-driven British airliner that first flew on 10 May 1950. It was a development of the twin-engine de Havilland Dove, with a stretched fuselage and two more engines. It was designed as a rugged, conventional low-wing monoplane with tricycle undercarriage that could be used on regional and commuter routes. A total of 149 were built; it was also exported to about 30 countries. Herons later formed the basis for various conversions, such as the Riley Turbo Skyliner and the Saunders ST-27 and ST-28.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Iran Aseman Airlines</span> Airline in Iran

Iran Aseman Airlines is the third-largest Iranian airline headquartered in Tehran. It operates scheduled domestic passenger services and regional international services.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Sikorsky S-43</span> American flying boat

The Sikorsky S-43 is a 1930s American twin-engine amphibious flying boat monoplane produced by Sikorsky Aircraft.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Rio Sul Serviços Aéreos Regionais</span> Defunct airline of Brazil (1976–2006)

Rio-Sul Serviços Aéreos Regionais S/A was a regional airline headquartered in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, operating scheduled services to southern Brazil. Its main base was São Paulo–Congonhas Airport, with hubs at Porto Alegre Airport and Santos Dumont Airport.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Beechcraft 1900</span> Commuter airliner and light transport aircraft

The Beechcraft 1900 is a twin-engine turboprop regional airliner manufactured by Beechcraft. It is also used as a freight aircraft and corporate transport, and by several governmental and military organizations. With customers favoring larger regional jets, then-owner Raytheon ended production in October 2002.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Aquila Airways</span>

Aquila Airways was a British independent airline, formed on 18 May 1948 and based in Southampton, Hampshire.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Water landing</span> An aircraft landing intentionally on a body of water

In aviation, a water landing is, in the broadest sense, an aircraft landing on a body of water. Seaplanes, such as floatplanes and flying boats, land on water as a normal operation. Ditching is a controlled emergency landing on the water surface in an aircraft not designed for the purpose, a very rare occurrence. Controlled flight into the surface and uncontrolled flight ending in a body of water are generally not considered water landings or ditching.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Boeing 747 hull losses</span>

As of July 2020, a total of 64 Boeing 747 aircraft, or just above 4% of the total number of 747s built, first flown commercially in 1970, have been involved in accidents and incidents resulting in a hull loss, meaning that the aircraft was either destroyed or damaged beyond economical repair. Of the 64 Boeing 747 aircraft losses, 32 resulted in no loss of life; in one, a hostage was murdered; and in one, a terrorist died. Some of the aircraft that were declared damaged beyond economical repair were older 747s that sustained relatively minor damage. Had these planes been newer, repairing them might have been economically viable, although with the 747's increasing obsolescence, this is becoming less common. Some 747s have been involved in accidents resulting in the highest death toll of any civil aviation accident, the highest death toll of any single airplane accident, and the highest death toll of a midair collision. As with most airliner accidents, the root of cause(s) in these incidents involved a confluence of multiple factors that rarely could be ascribed to flaws with the 747's design or its flying characteristics.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Líneas Aéreas Suramericanas</span> Defunct cargo airline of Colombia (1972–2023)

Líneas Aéreas Suramericanas S.A.S was a cargo airline based in Bogotá, Colombia. It operated scheduled and chartered cargo flights to Latin America and the Caribbean. Its main base was El Dorado International Airport, Bogotá.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Aeroflot Flight 217</span> 1972 plane crash in Moscow, Russia

Aeroflot Flight 217 was a non-scheduled international passenger flight from Orly Airport in Paris to Sheremetyevo International Airport in Moscow, with a stopover at Shosseynaya Airport in Leningrad. On 13 October 1972, the Ilyushin Il-62 airliner operating the flight crashed on approach to Sheremetyevo, with the loss of all 164 passengers and crew of 10. At the time, it was the world's deadliest civil aviation disaster, until it was surpassed by the Kano air disaster in Nigeria in 1973. As of 2023, the crash of Flight 217 remains the second-deadliest accident involving an Il-62, after LOT Flight 5055, and the second-deadliest on Russian soil, after Aeroflot Flight 3352.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Austral Líneas Aéreas Flight 205</span> 1959 aviation accident

Austral Líneas Aéreas Flight 205 was a regularly scheduled domestic Austral Líneas Aéreas flight operating a route between Buenos Aires and Mar del Plata in Argentina that crashed after encountering poor weather conditions during landing on 16 January 1959, killing 51 of the 52 passengers and crew on board. At the time, the crash was the second-worst accident in Argentine aviation history and is currently the sixth-worst involving a Curtiss C-46 Commando.

References

  1. "Airship Show in New York". The Evening News . No. 2761. Queensland, Australia. July 7, 1930. p. 11. Retrieved December 8, 2018 via National Library of Australia.
  2. host, just. "Welcome vectorsite.net - Justhost.com". www.Vectorsite.net. Retrieved January 17, 2018.
  3. O'Neill "A Dream of Eagles" page 108, 136, 206–209, 286
  4. Gunston, Bill, The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Propeller Airliners, 1980, Windward, London, ISBN   0711200629, page 67
  5. Lodeesen, Marius (1984) Captain Lodi Speaking
  6. "Commodore Flying Boat Recovery Project". www.CommodoreFlyingBoatRecovery.com. Retrieved January 17, 2018.
  7. 1 2 3 Martin Best (ed.). "The Consolidated Model 16 Commodore". Air-Britain Archive. 2008 (2). Air-Britain: 84–88. ISSN   0262-4923.
  8. "Historias Individuales: R-ACWZ Consolidated 16 Commodore c/n 1". loudandclearisnotenought.Blogspot.com.ar. Retrieved January 17, 2018.
  9. 1 2 Ranter, Harro. "ASN Aircraft accident Consolidated 16 Commodore LV-RAB Puerto Nuevo, BA". Aviation-Safety.net. Retrieved January 17, 2018.
  10. Ranter, Harro. "Aviation Safety Network > ASN Aviation Safety Database > Aircraft type index > Consolidated 16 Commodore". Aviation-Safety.net. Retrieved January 17, 2018.
  11. Popular Aviation. September 1930.{{cite journal}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
  12. Junior, Jose C. Silveira (August 19, 2012). "Panair do Brasil: Consolidated Commodore 16 - PP-PAO". panairbr.Blogspot.com. Retrieved January 17, 2018.
  13. "Logbook Magazine". Archived from the original on July 29, 2015. Retrieved May 12, 2015.
  14. "Civil Aircraft Register - Brasil". www.AirHistory.org.uk. Retrieved January 17, 2018.
  15. "CNAC Consolidated Commodore". www.CNAC.org. Retrieved January 17, 2018.
  16. http://www.ruudleeuw.com/qa.html%5B%5D
  17. Ranter, Harro. "ASN Aircraft accident Consolidated 16 Commodore NC660M Miami, FL". Aviation-Safety.net. Retrieved January 17, 2018.
  18. "Archived copy". Archived from the original on March 4, 2016. Retrieved October 17, 2017.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  19. Ranter, Harro. "ASN Aircraft accident Consolidated 16 Commodore NC664M Takla Lake, BC". Aviation-Safety.net. Retrieved January 17, 2018.
  20. "Questions and Answers". www.RuudLeeuw.com. Retrieved January 17, 2018.
  21. Ranter, Harro. "ASN Aircraft accident Consolidated 16 Commodore NC668M Miami, FL". Aviation-Safety.net. Retrieved January 17, 2018.
  22. Ranter, Harro. "ASN Aircraft accident Consolidated 16 Commodore LV-AAL Puerto Nuevo, BA". Aviation-Safety.net. Retrieved January 17, 2018.
  23. Grey, C. G.; Bridgman, Leonard, eds. (1930). Jane's All the World's Aircraft. London: Sampson Low, Marston & Co.
  24. Federal Aviation Administration, Type Certificate Data Sheet ATC 258 , retrieved December 3, 2013

Sources