Coppery-bellied puffleg

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Coppery-bellied puffleg
MonographTrochi4Goul 0278.jpg
CITES Appendix II (CITES) [2]
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Aves
Clade: Strisores
Order: Apodiformes
Family: Trochilidae
Genus: Eriocnemis
Species:
E. cupreoventris
Binomial name
Eriocnemis cupreoventris
(Fraser, 1840)
Eriocnemis cupreoventris map.svg
Synonyms

Eriocnemis simplex

The coppery-bellied puffleg (Eriocnemis cupreoventris) is a species of hummingbird in the "brilliants", tribe Heliantheini in subfamily Lesbiinae. It is found in Colombia and Venezuela. [3] [4]

Contents

Taxonomy and systematics

The coppery-bellied puffleg is monotypic. [3]

Male coppery-bellied puffleg Coppery-bellied Puffleg.jpg
Male coppery-bellied puffleg

Description

The coppery-bellied puffleg is 9 to 10 cm (3.5 to 3.9 in) long and weighs 4.4 to 5.6 g (0.16 to 0.20 oz). It has a straight black bill. The male has shining green upperparts with bluish green uppertail coverts. Its throat, breast, and flanks are glittering green, the center of its belly golden-copper, and its undertail coverts glittering violet. Its leg puffs are white. The tail is forked and blue-black. The female is similar, but its throat has grayish white speckles and the coppery belly is less intense. The juvenile has a blackish breast and no copper on the belly. [5]

Distribution and habitat

The coppery-bellied puffleg is found from the Andes of northwestern Venezuela's Mérida state south and west in the Eastern Andes of Colombia as far as Cundinamarca Department. It mostly inhabits open landscapes such as the edges of montane forest, shrubby slopes, and the lower reaches of the páramo zone, though it also occurs inside humid forest. In elevation it ranges between 2,000 and 3,000 m (6,600 and 9,800 ft) but is most abundant above 2,500 m (8,200 ft). [5]

Behavior

Movement

The copper-bellied puffleg is mostly sedentary but makes seasonal elevational movements. [5]

Feeding

The coppery-bellied puffleg feeds on nectar at shrubs and small trees whose flowers have short corollas. Some preferred plants are those of genera Palicourea , Cavendishia , and Pernettya . It nectars while clinging to the flower and is "pugnacious and territorial" at flowering plants. Its diet also includes insects taken by hawking. [5]

Breeding

The coppery-bellied puffleg's breeding season is from September to January. Its nest has not been described but is usually placed in dense vegetation. The female incubates the clutch of two white eggs but the incubation period and time to fledging are not known. [5]

Vocalization

The coppery-bellied puffleg's only described vocalization is "a single metallic note 'tseek', repeated at irregular intervals". It is given both from a perch and while hovering. [5]

Status

The IUCN has assessed the coppery-bellied puffleg as Near Threatened. It does not have a large range; its population size is not known and is believed to be decreasing. Much of its habitat has been converted to croplands and grazing. [1]

Related Research Articles

<i>Eriocnemis</i> Genus of birds

Eriocnemis is a genus of hummingbirds, which - together with the species in the genus Haplophaedia - are known as pufflegs. They occur in humid forest, woodland and shrub at altitudes of 1000 to 4800 m. asl in the Andes of Argentina, Bolivia, Peru, Ecuador, Colombia, and Venezuela. The males have a colourful green, coppery or blue plumage, and the females are generally somewhat duller. The most striking feature of both sexes in the genus Eriocnemis are their dense snow-white leg-puffs which consist of feather tufts that resemble woolly panties. One species, the black-thighed puffleg - is characterized by black coloured leg-puffs. Most have a contrasting blue, purple or coppery-red vent, but this is green in the black-thighed and emerald-bellied puffleg. Further common features of all species are the straight black bill and the slightly to deeply forked tail. The genus name was coined by the German naturalist Ludwig Reichenbach who called them Snowy panties.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Colorful puffleg</span> Species of hummingbird

The colorful puffleg is an Endangered species of hummingbird in the "brilliants", tribe Heliantheini in subfamily Lesbiinae. It is endemic to Colombia.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Gorgeted puffleg</span> Species of hummingbird

The gorgeted puffleg is a Critically Endangered species of hummingbird in the "brilliants", tribe Heliantheini in subfamily Lesbiinae. It is endemic to Colombia. It was discovered in 2005 and confirmed as a species new to science in 2007.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Green-bellied hummingbird</span>

The green-bellied hummingbird is a species of hummingbird in the "emeralds” tribe Trochilini of subfamily Trochilinae. It is found in Colombia and Venezuela.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Lazuline sabrewing</span> Species of hummingbird

The lazuline sabrewing is a species of hummingbird in the "emeralds", tribe Trochilini of subfamily Trochilinae. It is found in Colombia, Ecuador, and Venezuela.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">White-vented plumeleteer</span> Species of hummingbird

The white-vented plumeleteer is a species of hummingbird in the "emeralds", tribe Trochilini of subfamily Trochilinae. It is found in Colombia, Ecuador, Panama, Peru, and Venezuela.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Coppery emerald</span> Species of hummingbird

The coppery emerald is a species of hummingbird in the "emeralds", tribe Trochilini of subfamily Trochilinae. It is found in Colombia and Venezuela.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Golden-tailed sapphire</span> Species of hummingbird

The golden-tailed sapphire is a species of hummingbird in the family Trochilidae. It is found in Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Venezuela.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Golden-bellied starfrontlet</span> Species of hummingbird

The golden-bellied starfrontlet is a species of hummingbird in the "brilliants", tribe Heliantheini in subfamily Lesbiinae. It is endemic to Colombia.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Dusky starfrontlet</span> Species of hummingbird

The dusky starfrontlet, also known as glittering starfrontlet, is an Endangered species of hummingbird in the "brilliants", tribe Heliantheini in subfamily Lesbiinae. It is endemic to a few small areas in western Colombia.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Emerald-bellied puffleg</span> Species of hummingbird

The emerald-bellied puffleg is a species of hummingbird in the "brilliants", tribe Heliantheini in the subfamily Lesbiinae. It is found in Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Black-thighed puffleg</span> Species of hummingbird

The black-thighed puffleg is a species of hummingbird in the "brilliants", tribe Heliantheini in subfamily Lesbiinae. It is found in Colombia and Ecuador.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Blue-capped puffleg</span> Species of hummingbird

The blue-capped puffleg is a species of hummingbird in the "brilliants", tribe Heliantheini in subfamily Lesbiinae. It is found in Argentina and Bolivia.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Sapphire-vented puffleg</span> Species of hummingbird

The sapphire-vented puffleg is a species of hummingbird in the "brilliants", tribe Heliantheini in subfamily Lesbiinae. It is found in Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and possibly Venezuela.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Golden-breasted puffleg</span> Species of hummingbird

The golden-breasted puffleg is a species of hummingbird in the "brilliants", tribe Heliantheini in subfamily Lesbiinae. It is found in Colombia and Ecuador.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Glowing puffleg</span> Species of hummingbird

The glowing puffleg is a species of hummingbird in the "brilliants", tribe Heliantheini in subfamily Lesbiinae. It is found in Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Venezuela.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Greenish puffleg</span> Species of hummingbird

The greenish puffleg is a species of hummingbird in the "brilliants", tribe Heliantheini in subfamily Lesbiinae. It is found in Colombia, Ecuador, Panama, and Peru.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Violet-fronted brilliant</span> Species of hummingbird

The violet-fronted brilliant is a species of hummingbird in the "brilliants", tribe Heliantheini in subfamily Lesbiinae. It is found Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Venezuela.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Purple-backed thornbill</span> Species of hummingbird

The purple-backed thornbill is a species of hummingbird in the "coquettes", tribe Lesbiini of subfamily Lesbiinae. It is found in Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Venezuela.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Perija starfrontlet</span> Species of hummingbird

The Perija starfrontlet is an Endangered species of hummingbird in the "brilliants", tribe Heliantheini in subfamily Lesbiinae. It is found in Colombia and Venezuela.

References

  1. 1 2 BirdLife International (2016). "Coppery-bellied Puffleg Eriocnemis cupreoventris". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2016: e.T22687930A93175340. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22687930A93175340.en . Retrieved 14 March 2022.
  2. "Appendices | CITES". cites.org. Retrieved 2022-01-14.
  3. 1 2 Gill, F.; Donsker, D.; Rasmussen, P. (January 2022). "IOC World Bird List (v 12.1) - Hummingbirds" . Retrieved January 15, 2022.
  4. HBW and BirdLife International (2020) Handbook of the Birds of the World and BirdLife International digital checklist of the birds of the world Version 5. Available at: http://datazone.birdlife.org/userfiles/file/Species/Taxonomy/HBW-BirdLife_Checklist_v5_Dec20.zip [.xls zipped 1 MB] retrieved 27 May 2021
  5. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Heynen, I. and P. F. D. Boesman (2020). Coppery-bellied Puffleg (Eriocnemis cupreoventris), version 1.0. In Birds of the World (J. del Hoyo, A. Elliott, J. Sargatal, D. A. Christie, and E. de Juana, Editors). Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Ithaca, NY, USA. https://doi.org/10.2173/bow.cobpuf1.01 retrieved March 14, 2022