Palicourea | |
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Foreground: leaves and inflorescence of unidentified Palicourea species | |
Scientific classification | |
Kingdom: | Plantae |
Clade: | Tracheophytes |
Clade: | Angiosperms |
Clade: | Eudicots |
Clade: | Asterids |
Order: | Gentianales |
Family: | Rubiaceae |
Subfamily: | Rubioideae |
Tribe: | Palicoureeae |
Genus: | Palicourea Aubl. (1775) |
Species [1] | |
694, see text | |
Synonyms [1] | |
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Palicourea is a genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae. It contains 694 species, [1] which range from shrubs to small trees, and is distributed throughout the New World tropics. [2]
These plants are closely related to Psychotria and in particular its subgenus Heteropsychotria. Indeed, it seems to be nothing else but a distinctively-flowered offshoot of Heteropsychotria; arguably, it would thus need to be merged into Psychotria to make that genus monophyletic. On the other hand, Psychotria is extremely diverse already, so it is probably more practical to move the more distantly related species out of this genus and merge Heteropsychotria with Palicourea. [2] By a Hungarian botanist Attila Borhidi, some of the Psychotria species have been transferred into this genus. [3]
The genus is not well studied. Most species are distylous, although a few on isolated Caribbean islands seem to have lost the trait. Flowers are in racemes, having no scent, and are normally pollinated by hummingbirds. Blue-black berries follow, and are thought to be distributed by birds. [2]
Almost one-tenth of the Palicourea species are considered threatened by the IUCN, even though the conservation status has only been reviewed for those species that occur in Ecuador. [4]
Rubiaceae is a family of flowering plants, commonly known as the coffee, madder, or bedstraw family. It consists of terrestrial trees, shrubs, lianas, or herbs that are recognizable by simple, opposite leaves with interpetiolar stipules and sympetalous actinomorphic flowers. The family contains about 14,100 species in about 580 genera, which makes it the fourth-largest angiosperm family. Rubiaceae has a cosmopolitan distribution; however, the largest species diversity is concentrated in the tropics and subtropics. Economically important genera include Coffea, the source of coffee; Cinchona, the source of the antimalarial alkaloid quinine; ornamental cultivars ; and historically some dye plants.
Morinda is a genus of flowering plants in the madder family, Rubiaceae. The generic name is derived from the Latin words morus "mulberry", from the appearance of the fruits, and indica, meaning "of India".
The purple-throated mountaingem is a species of hummingbird in tribe Lampornithini of subfamily Trochilinae. It is found in Costa Rica, Nicaragua, and Panama.
Psychotria is a genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae. It contains 1,582 species and is therefore one of the largest genera of flowering plants. The genus has a pantropical distribution and members of the genus are small understorey trees in tropical forests. Some species are endangered or facing extinction due to deforestation, especially species of central Africa and the Pacific.
Palicourea fuchsioides is a species of plant in the family Rubiaceae. It is endemic to Ecuador.
Palicourea herrerae is a species of plant in the family Rubiaceae. It is endemic to Peru.
Palicourea sodiroi is a species of plant in the family Rubiaceae. It is a shrub and grows primarily in wet tropical habitats. It is endemic to Ecuador.
Psychotria domatiata is a species of plant in the family Rubiaceae. It is endemic to Jamaica. It is threatened by habitat loss.
Psychotria globicephala is a species of plant in the family Rubiaceae. It is native to Kerala and Tamil Nadu in India.
Palicourea microcarpa, synonym Rudgea microcarpa, is a species of plant in the family Rubiaceae. It is native to Bolivia and Peru.
Turbinicarpus schmiedickeanus is a species of plant in the family Cactaceae.
Palicourea tomentosa, many synonyms, including Psychotria poeppigiana, is a plant species in the family Rubiaceae. A common name is sore-mouth bush, though it is not very often used.
Ramosmania is a genus of two species of small trees in the family Rubiaceae; one is extinct. Both species are endemic to the island of Rodrigues, Mauritius.
Psychotrieae is a tribe of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae and contains about 2114 species in 17 genera. Its representatives are found in the tropics and subtropics. Several genera are Myrmecophytes
Palicoureeae is a tribe of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae and contains about 817 species in 11 genera. Its representatives are found in the tropics and subtropics.
Dr. Charlotte M. Taylor is a botanist and professor specialising in taxonomy and conservation. She works with the large plant family Rubiaceae, particularly found in the American tropics and in the tribes Palicoureeae and Psychotrieae. This plant family is an economically important group, as it includes plant species used to make coffee and quinine. Taylor also conducts work related to the floristics of Rubiaceae and morphological radiations of the group. Taylor has collected plant samples from many countries across the globe, including Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Panama, and the United States of America, and has named many new species known to science from these regions. As of 2023, Taylor has authored 500 land plant species' names, the third-highest number of such names authored by any female scientist.
Palicourea elata, formerly Psychotria elata, commonly known as girlfriend kiss and labios de puta, is a tropical plant that ranges from Central to South American rain forests in countries such as Mexico, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Panama, and Colombia.
Samuelssonia is a monotypic genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Acanthaceae. It has only one known species, Samuelssonia verrucosa, a small tree which grows to 5 meters tall which is native to the Massif de la Hotte in Haiti.
Psychotria samoritourei is a liana species belonging to the family Rubiaceae, native to the forests of the Loma-Man highlands in Upper Guinea, West Africa. It is the sixth known lianescent African species of its genus. It is found in Guinea, Liberia and Sierra Leone. It is also possible that the species is present in other, less thoroughly surveyed areas of the submontane forests of the Loma-Man highlands. If discovered, it is likely that the threat status of the species would be reduced. It is a climber to at least 10 m, and possibly up to 20 m.
Palicourea bracteocardia is a species of shrub from the genus Palicourea.