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Phacops is a genus of trilobites in the order Phacopida, family Phacopidae, that lived in Europe, northwestern Africa, North and South America and China from the Late Ordovician until the very end of the Devonian, with a broader time range described from the Late Ordovician. It was a rounded animal, with a globose head and large eyes, and probably fed on detritus. Phacops is often found rolled up ("volvation"), a biological defense mechanism that is widespread among smaller trilobites but further perfected in this genus.
Floresta is a town and municipality in Boyacá Department, Colombia, part of the Tundama Province, a subregion of Boyacá. Floresta is situated on the Altiplano Cundiboyacense in the Eastern Ranges of the Colombian Andes. It borders Santa Rosa de Viterbo, Cerinza and Betéitiva in the north, in the east Busbanzá and Corrales in the west Santa Rosa de Viterbo and Nobsa in the south.
Holoptychius is an extinct genus of porolepiform lobe-finned fish from the Middle Devonian to Carboniferous (Mississippian) periods. It is known from fossils worldwide. The genus was first described by Louis Agassiz in 1839.
Greenops is a mid-sized Devonian trilobite of the order Phacopida, subfamily Asteropyginae. They are mainly reported from the mid-Devonian Hamilton Group of upstate New York and southwestern Ontario. A similar-looking trilobite from Morocco is often mis-labelled Greenops. Greenops had schizocroidal eyes, large genal spines and short, sharp spines at the tip of each segment of the pygidium ("tail"). Greenops lived in warm, fairly deep water. In the Hamilton Group of New York, they are found with Eldredgeops, Dipleura and Bellacartwrightia, a trilobite that resembles Greenops but has much larger pygidial spines. In Ontario, they are found in the Widder Formation, which outcrops at Arkona, where they are, by far, the dominant trilobite.
Walliserops is a genus of spinose phacopid trilobite, of the family Acastidae, found in Lower to Middle Devonian age rocks from the Anti-Atlas Mountains of Morocco. All species of Walliserops possess a three-pronged "trident" that protrudes from the glabella. Walliserops is most closely related to the genus Comura.
Atrypa is a genus of brachiopod with round to short egg-shaped shells covered with many fine radial ridges. Growth lines form perpendicular to the costae and are spaced approximately 2 to 3 times further apart than the costae.. The pedunculate valve is slightly convex, but oftentimes levels out or becomes slightly concave toward the anterior margin. The brachial valve is highly convex. Neither valve contains an interarea. Atrypa had a large geographic range and occurred from the late Lower Silurian (Telychian) to the early Upper Devonian (Frasnian). Other sources expand the range from the Late Ordovician to Carboniferous, approximately from 449 to 336 Ma. A proposed new species, A. harrisi, was found in the trilobite-rich Floresta Formation in Boyacá, Colombia.
Erbenochile is a genus of spinose phacopid trilobite, of the family Acastidae, found in Lower to Middle Devonian age rocks from Algeria and Morocco. Originally described from an isolated pygidium, the first complete articulated specimen of E. erbeni revealed the presence of extraordinarily tall eyes:
"Straight-sided towers of lenses... with [up to] 18 lenses in a vertical file"
Cyphaspis is a genus of small trilobite that lived from the Late Ordovician to the Late Devonian. Fossils have been found in marine strata in what is now Europe, Africa and North America. Various species had a compact body, and a large, bulbous glabellum. Many species had long spines arranged similarly to closely related genera, such as Otarian, Otarionella, Chamaeleoaspis, and Namuropyge.
Anchiopsis is a genus of trilobite in the order Phacopida, which existed in what is now New York, U.S.A. It was described by Delo in 1935, and the type species is Anchiopsis anchiops, which was originally described as Calymene anchiops by Green in 1832.
Tarijactinoides is a genus of trilobites in the order Phacopida, which existed in what is now Bolivia. It was described by Suárez Soruco in 1971, and the type species is Tarijactinoides jarcasensis.
Dipleura is a genus of trilobites in the order Phacopida. It was described by Green in 1832, and the type species is Dipleura dekayi. The type locality was in the Hamilton Group in New York.
Homalonotus is an extinct genus of trilobites in the order Phacopida. It contains several species, including H. armatus and H. roemeri. It is closely related to other trilobites such as Arduennella and Dipleura..
Cordania is an extinct genus of trilobites that lived from the Early to Middle Devonian.
Viaphacops is a genus of trilobites in the order Phacopida, family Phacopidae, that lived during the Middle Devonian, and is known from North and South America, Asia.
Antarctilamna is an extinct genus of Devonian cartilaginous fish originally exemplified by Antarctilamna prisca from South Eastern Australia and Antarctica. The latest occurring described species is Antarctilamna ultima from the Waterloo Farm lagerstätte in South Africa. Antarctilamna has robust ctenacanthid-like spines which lack a deep insertion area, and are borne in front of the first dorsal fin; in addition to distinctive diplodont teeth with small intermediate cusps. Antarctilamna-like spines, known from the Bunga Beds locality in Australia have been ascribed to A. prisca.
Odontopleura is a genus of spinose odontopleurid trilobite in the family Odontopleuridae, and is the type genus of that family and of Odontopleurida. The various species are found in Upper Ordovician to Middle Devonian marine strata throughout the world. The best studied fossils are of the type species, O. ovata, from the Wenlock-aged Liteň Formation in Loděnice, in Bohemia, Czech Republic, and, southeastern Gotland, of Sweden.
The Floresta Formation is a geological formation of the Altiplano Cundiboyacense in the Eastern Ranges of the Colombian Andes. The sequence of siltstones, shales, coquinas and sandstone beds dates to the Devonian period; Late Emsian, Eifelian and Early Givetian epochs, and has a maximum thickness of 600 metres (2,000 ft). The unit is highly fossiliferous; brachiopods, bryozoans, gastropods, trilobites, corals and bivalves have been found in the Floresta Formation. Some fragments of Placoderm fish fossils were found in the Floresta Formation, while the overlying Cuche Formation is much richer in fish biodiversity.
The Cuche Formation is a geological formation of the Floresta Massif, Altiplano Cundiboyacense in the Eastern Ranges of the Colombian Andes. The sequence of siltstones, shales, and sandstone beds dates to the Late Devonian and Early Carboniferous periods, and has a maximum thickness of 900 metres (3,000 ft).
Hollardops is a genus of trilobite in the order Phacopida that lived during the Devonian. Their fossils are found in the upper Emsian of western Europe and in the lower Emsian to lowermost Eifelian of North Africa. The type species, Asteropyge mesocristata, was described from Algeria by Le Maître in 1952. The genus Hollardops was erected by Morzadec in 1997. In the same year, Lieberman & Kloc erected Modellops and Philipsmithiana but those genera are regarded as subjective synonyms of Hollardops. The 10-segmented thoracic condition of Hollardops is a rare feature among acastid trilobites that almost always have 11 thorax segments. Van Viersen & Kloc (2022) revisited Hollardops and described a number of new species from the Devonian of Morocco. They also regarded Pennarbedops Bignon & Crônier, 2013 as a synonym of Hollardops. Van Viersen & Kloc construed Hollardops as a scavenger or predator with well-developed eyes, that used its shovel-like cephalon to plough the top layers of the sediment in search of food. Hollardops had small pits horizontally along the fringe of the exoskeleton; these are believed to have housed setae that allowed the trilobite to closely monitor its surroundings.
Tolkienia is an extinct genus of trilobite in the family Acastidae. It consists of three species split from Comura based on morphological differences. The genus was present during the Emsian stage of the Early Devonian epoch around 400 Ma.
References
- ↑ Available Generic Names for Trilobites P.A. Jell and J.M. Adrain.
- ↑ Coronura at the Paleobiology Database
- ↑ Morzadec et al., 2015, p.346
Bibliography
- Morzadec, Pierre; Mergl, Michal; Villarroel, Carlos; Janvier, Philippe; Racheboeuf, Patrick R. (2015), "Trilobites and inarticulate brachiopods from the Devonian Floresta Formation of Colombia: a review" (PDF), Bulletin of Geosciences , 90: 331–358, doi:10.3140/bull.geosci.1515 , retrieved 2017-04-04
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