The South American fur seal breeds on the coasts of Peru, Chile, the Falkland Islands, Argentina, Uruguay and Brazil. The total population is around 250,000. However, population counts are sparse and outdated. Although Uruguay has long been considered to be the largest population of South American fur seals, recent census data indicates that the largest breeding population of A. a. australis are at the Falkland Islands followed by Uruguay. The population of South American fur seals in 1999 was estimated at 390,000, a drop from a 1987 estimate of 500,000 - however a paucity of population data, combined with inconsistent census methods, makes it difficult to interpret global population trends.
The giant Gippsland earthworm, Megascolides australis, is one of Australia's 1,000 native earthworm species.
The southern brown kiwi, tokoeka, or common kiwi is a species of kiwi from South Island, New Zealand. Until 2000 it was considered conspecific with the North Island brown kiwi, and still is by some authorities.
Nepenthes deaniana is a tropical pitcher plant endemic to the Philippines, where it grows at an altitude of 1180–1296 m above sea level. The species is known only from the summit region of Thumb Peak, a relatively small, ultramafic mountain in Puerto Princesa Province, Palawan.
The Australian angelshark is a species of angelshark, family Squatinidae, found in the subtropical waters of southern Australia from Western Australia to New South Wales between latitudes 18°S and 41°S, at depths down to 255 m (840 ft). Its length is up to 1.52 m (5 ft). Reproduction is ovoviviparous, with up to 20 pups in a litter.
Cristiceps is a genus of clinids native to the Indo-Pacific waters around Australia and New Zealand.
Cristiceps aurantiacus is a species of clinid found around New South Wales, Australia and New Zealand. It lives in tide pools and the subtidal zone to a depth of 30 metres (98 ft). Its diet consists of crustaceans and small fishes. It can reach a length of 22 centimetres (8.7 in) TL.
Cristiceps argyropleura, the silver-sided weedfish, is a species of clinid found around southern Australia at depths from 20 to 60 metres where it is predominantly found in kelp beds. This species can reach a length of 18 centimetres (7.1 in) TL.
The Australian myotis is a species of vesper bat. It is found only in Australia. This taxa may not represent a valid species. Only one specimen has ever been documented, supposedly from New South Wales. This specimen may have been mislabelled or a vagrant Myotis muricola or Myotis ater.
Juania australis, the Chonta palm, is a species of flowering plant in the family Arecaceae, the only species in the genus Juania. It is a solitary trunked palm tree which is endemic to the Juan Fernández Islands archipelago in the southeast Pacific Ocean west of Chile.
Proceratophrys cristiceps is a species of frog in the family Odontophrynidae. It is endemic to northeastern Brazil and occurs in the coastal region from the Bay of All Saints in central Bahia northward to the state of Rio Grande do Norte. Common name Muller's smooth horned frog has been proposed for it.
The black-eared sparrow-lark or black-eared finch lark is a species of lark in the family Alaudidae. It is found in southern Botswana, Namibia, and South Africa. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical dry shrubland and subtropical or tropical dry lowland grassland.
Posidonia australis, also known as fibre-ball weed or ribbon weed, is a species of seagrass that occurs in the southern waters of Australia. It forms large meadows important to environmental conservation. Balls of decomposing detritus from the foliage are found along nearby shore-lines.
The western limestone ctenotus is a species of skink, a lizard in the family Scincidae. The species is endemic to Australia.
Antennablennius australis, the moustached blenny, is a species of combtooth blenny found in the western Indian Ocean.
Emblemaria australis is a species of chaenopsid blenny known from around Brazil, in the southwestern Atlantic ocean. Females of this species can reach a maximum length of 2.7 centimetres (1.1 in) SL.
Sindoscopus australis is a species of sand stargazer native to the Pacific coast of Chile where it can be found in shallow waters with a sandy substrate. It is currently the only known member of its genus. The generic name is a compound noun the first part of which honours Charles E. Dawson's companion in the field and collector of the type, the Chilean zoologist Gumersindo Revuelta and the second part is Latinised Greek skopos, "watcher".
Lestes australis, the southern spreadwing, is a species of spreadwing in the damselfly family Lestidae. It is found in North America.
Chrysoblephus cristiceps, the dageraad, is a rare and endemic fish found on the coast from Table Bay to Durban. It is more abundant south of East London. It grows up to 70 cm long and can weigh up to 8.7 kg. The fish is pink to red and white on the underside. They have a distinctive dark red spot on the tip of the dorsal fin. Adult fish have a blue line under the eyes. Large adult fish develop a high forehead. The young fish are pink with a horizontal band down the middle of the body and two spots under the dorsal fin.
