Croats of Serbia

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Croats of Serbia
Хрвати у Србији
Hrvati u Srbiji
Flag of the Croat minority in Serbia and Montenegro.svg
Flag of the National Council of the Croat Ethnic Minority in Serbia
Total population
39,107 (2022 census) [1]
Regions with significant populations
Flags of Vojvodina.svg Vojvodina 32,684 [2]
Flag of Belgrade, Serbia.svg Belgrade 4,554 [2]
Languages
Croatian, Serbian, Bunjevac
Religion
Catholicism
Related ethnic groups
Bunjevci, South Slavs

Croats are a recognized ethnic minority in Serbia. [3] According to data from the 2022 census, the population of ethnic Croats in Serbia is 39,107, constituting 0.6% of the total population.

Contents

The majority of them live in Vojvodina, where they number 32,684 and make up 1.9% of the province's population. [2] An additional 11,104 people declared themselves as Bunjevci in the 2022 census; there are differing views whether Bunjevci should be regarded as Croats or as distinct ethnicity.

History

During the 15th century, Croats mostly lived in the Syrmia region. It is estimated that Croats were a majority in 76 out of 801 villages that existed in the present-day territory of Vojvodina. [4]

Commemorative plaque in Petrovaradin, suburb of Novi Sad: "To Tomislav, the first Croatian king. Citizens of Petrovaradin." Novi Sad, Petrovaradin, kostel svateho Jurija, deska krale Tomislava.jpg
Commemorative plaque in Petrovaradin, suburb of Novi Sad: "To Tomislav, the first Croatian king. Citizens of Petrovaradin."

According to 1851 data, it is estimated that the population of the Voivodeship of Serbia and Banat of Temeschwar, the historical province that was predecessor of present-day Vojvodina, included, among other ethnic groups, 62,936 Bunjevci and Šokci as well as 2,860 Croats. [5] [ page needed ] Subsequent statistical estimations from the second half of the 19th century counted Bunjevci and Šokci as "others" and presented them separately from Croats. [6]

The 1910 Austro-Hungarian census also showed large differences in the numbers of those who, according to the mother tongue, considered themselves Bunjevci and Šokci, and those who considered themselves Croats. According to the census, some 70,000 Bunjevci were categorized as "others". In Subotica there were only 39 people who declared Croatian as their native language, while 33,390 were listed as speakers of "other languages" (most of them declared Bunjevac as their native language). [7] In Sombor, 83 people declared Croatian language, while 6,289 were listed as speakers of "other languages" (mostly Bunjevac). [7] In Apatin, 44 people declared Croatian and 7,191 declared "other languages" (mostly Bunjevac, Šokac, and Romani). [7] [ dead link ] In Syrmia, Croats were a relative or absolute majority in Gibarac (843 Croats or 86.4% of total population), Kukujevci (1,775 or 77.6%), Novi Slankamen (2,450 or 59.2%), Petrovaradin (3,266 or 57%), Stari Slankamen (466 or 48.2%), Hrtkovci (1,144 or 45.4% ), and Morović (966 or 41.67%). Other places which had a significant percentage of Croats included Novi Banovci (37.7%), Golubinci (36.8%), Sremska Kamenica (36.4%), Sot (33%), Sremska Mitrovica (30.3%), Sremski Karlovci (29.9%), and Ljuba (29.8%). [8]

The birth house of ban Josip Jelacic, bought from private owners by the Serbian state and given as a gift to the Croatian minority The birth house of ban Josip Jelacic, Petrovaradin, Serbia.jpg
The birth house of ban Josip Jelačić, bought from private owners by the Serbian state and given as a gift to the Croatian minority

In 1925, Bunjevac-Šokac Party and "Pučka kasina" organized in Subotica the 1000th-anniversary celebration of the establishment of Kingdom of Croatia, in memory of coronation of Tomislav of Croatia as the first king of the Kingdom of Croatia: on the King Tomislav Square a memorial plaque was unveiled with the inscription "The memorial plaque of millennium of Croatian Kingdom 925-1925. Set by Bunjevci Croats". [9]

In the 1990s, during the war in Croatia, sporadic persecution of ethnic Croats in some places in Vojvodina was organized by members of the Serbian Radical Party. [10] [11] [12] The party's president, Vojislav Šešelj, was indicted in 2002 before International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia for participation in these events. [13]

In that time, some form of transfer of population occurred between ethnic Croats from Serbia and ethnic Serbs from Croatia. [14] [15] During the summer of 1992, more than 10,000 Croats from Serbia exchanged their property for the property of Serbs from Croatia, and altogether about 20,000 Croats left Serbia. [16] According to other estimations, the number of Croats who have left Serbia might be between 20,000 and 40,000, or even 50,000. [17] [18] [19]

In 2020, the 18th-century birth home of ban Josip Jelačić in Petrovaradin, was bought by the Serbian state only to be given as a gift to the Croat National Council. [20]

Demographics

Saint Lawrence the Martyr Catholic Church, Sonta Sonta, Catholic Church.jpg
Saint Lawrence the Martyr Catholic Church, Sonta
Settlements in Vojvodina with share of ethnic Croats, 2002 Vojvodina-Croats-2002.gif
Settlements in Vojvodina with share of ethnic Croats, 2002
Settlements in Vojvodina with ethnic Croat majority or plurality, 2002 Vojvodina south slavs.png
Settlements in Vojvodina with ethnic Croat majority or plurality, 2002

The largest concentration of ethnic Croats in Serbia are to be found in Vojvodina, numbering 32,684 or 1.9% of the provincial population. A further 4,454 Croats lived in the national capital Belgrade, with the remaining 1,869 in the rest of the country. [21]

Croats form majority of population in two villages Bački Monoštor (52.3% of population) and Bački Breg (52.1%), both in the administrative area of the city of Sombor. They form relative majorities in the village of Sonta (47.2%) in the municipality of Apatin, as well as in the following villages of administrative city of Subotica: Donji Tavankut (42.2%), Mala Bosna (39%), Đurđin (36.2%), Stari Žednik (31%), and Bikovo (24.5%). [22]

The largest recorded number of Croats were 196,409 or 2.5% of the total population of Serbia at the time, recorded at the 1961 census, and included Bunjevci. Since then, the Croat population in Serbia is in a constant decline, caused by various reasons, ranging from economic emigration to ethnic tensions during the Yugoslav Wars as well as due to different census methodology. [23]

YearPopulationShare
1948169,894 [24] 2.6%
1953162,158 [24] 2.3%
1961196,411 [24] 2.6%
1971184,913 [24] 2.2%
1981149,368 [24] 1.6%
1991105,406 [24] 1.1%
1991 (excl. Kosovo)97,3441.2%
2002 (excl. Kosovo)70,602 [25] 0.9%
2011 (excl. Kosovo)57,900 [26] 0.8%
2022 (excl. Kosovo)39,107 [27] 0.6%

Ethnicity in Yugoslav and Serbian censuses has been based on self-declaration, but political policies influenced how Bunjevci were categorized, often grouping them with Croats before 1991 census or separating them since the 1991 census. The Yugoslavian censuses (1948, 1953, 1961, 1971, and 1981) allowed self-declaration of ethnicity, but specific policies targeted Bunjevci. A 1945 decree from the communist authorities mandated that Bunjevci be exclusively treated as Croats, with no recognition as distinct ethnic group. The 1991 census introduced separate modality for Bunjevci, allowing self-declaration as distinct ethnicity for the first time since 1945 with numbers tracked independently. This continued in Serbian censuses (2002, 2011, 2022), with ethnicity remaining self-declared but now including explicit option for Bunjevci. The change was criticized as a political tool to fragment the Croat ethnic minority in Serbia since this shift had direct implications for the reported numbers of Croats, as allowing separate declarations for Bunjevci reduced the count of individuals identifying as Croats. Proponents of a separate Bunjevac ethnicity argue that the number of Croats may have been smaller at that time, as the communist authorities counted in the people to as Croats, who self-declared as Bunjevci. Today, the Bunjevac community in Serbia is split between those who declare themselves as a distinct ethnic group with their own language and those who identify themselves as a Croatian sub-ethnic group. [28]

The census figures are of relevance since the ethnic minorities' councils receive funds from the state and province to finance their own governing body, cultural, and educational organisations based on the size of each ethnic minortiy. [29] [30] [31]

Language

Croatian, a standard variety of the pluricentric language Serbo-Croatian, is one of the six official languages of provincial administration in Vojvodina. [32]

Bunjevac dialect

Some members of the Bunjevac community, preserved a Neo-Shtokavian–Younger Ikavian dialect of the Serbo-Croatian pluricentric language, also known as Bunjevac dialect (bunjevački dijalekt) or Bunjevac speech (bunjevački govor). [33] Their accent is purely Ikavian, with /i/ for the Common Slavic vowels yat . [34] Croatia has categorized the Neo-Stokavian Younger Ikavian dialect to be the Bunjevac dialect with three sub-branches: Danubian (also known as Bunjevac), Littoral-Lika, and Dalmatian (also known as Bosnian–Dalmatian). [35] Its speakers largely use the Latin alphabet and are living in parts of Bosnia and Herzegovina, parts of Croatia, southern parts of Hungary as well in northernmost parts of Serbia.

There have been three meritorious people who preserved the Bunjevac dialect in two separate dictionaries: Grgo Bačlija [36] and Marko Peić [37] with "Ričnik bački Bunjevaca" [38] (editions 1990, 2018), and Ante Sekulić [39] with "Rječnik govora bačkih Hrvata" (2005).

For decades, there has been an unresolved language issue within the Bunjevac community as well as between Serbia and Croatia over the status of the Bunjevac speech. [40] [41] [42]

The dialect spoken by the Danubian Bunjevci living in Serbia, was standardised in 2018 and officially approved as a standard dialect by the Serbian Ministry of Education for teaching in schools. [43] [44] [45] [46] With the standardisation of the Bunjevac dialect, activists and members of the Bunjevac National Council are striving for language secession, with the political aim that the Bunjevac dialect will gain in Serbia the political-linguistic status of independent language. Theodora Vuković has provided, in 2009, the scientific methodology for the finalization of the standardisation process of the Bunjevac dialect corpus in Serbia, [47] [48] classified as the Serbian Bunjevac dialect variety of the Danubian branch of the Neo-Shtokavian Younger Ikavian dialect. Speakers use in general the standardised dialect variety for writing and conversation in formal situations. [49]

In 2021, the Subotica city council added Bunjevac dialect to the list of languages in official use by the city administration, in addition to Serbian, Hungarian, and Croatian. [50] This has created a special situation that contradicts the official position, of both the Serbian state and Matica srpska, that classified Bunjevac speech as a dialect. [51]

Popularly, the Bunjevac dialect is often referred to as "Bunjevac language" (bunjevački jezik) [52] or Bunjevac mother tongue (materni jezik). At the political level, depending on goal and content of the political lobby, the general confusion concerning the definition of the terms language, dialect, speech, mother tongue, is cleverly exploited, resulting in an inconsistent use of the terms. [53] [54] [55]

The Croatian Ministry of Culture, at the proposal of the Institute of Croatian Language and Linguistics, added in 2021 Bunjevac dialect to the List of Protected Intangible Cultural Heritage of Croatia. [56] [57]

Politics

The Croat National Council is a representation body of the Croatian ethnic minority in Serbia, established for the protection of the rights and the minority self-government of Croats in Serbia. [58] Flag and coat of arms of Croats of Serbia were adopted by the Croat National Council in 2005, with the coat of arms being the historical coat of arms of Croatia, a checkerboard consisting of 13 red and 12 white fields (the difference with the Croatian coat of arms being the crown on top).

The Democratic Alliance of Croats in Vojvodina is the ethnic minority party representing interests of Croats in Serbia, primarily in the province of Vojvodina.

Organizations

Notable people

See also

References

  1. ↑ "Final results - Ethnicity". Почетна. 2023-07-14. Retrieved 2023-12-07.
  2. 1 2 3 "Population by ethnicity, by areas" (PDF). Retrieved 2023-12-07.
  3. ↑ "Регистар националних савета националних мањина".
  4. ↑ [site web|http://www.mtafki.hu/konyvtar/kiadv/etnika/ethnicMAP/005_session_e.html Károly Kocsis, Saša Kicošev: Changing ethnic patterns on the present territory of Vojvodina]
  5. ↑ Dr Dušan J. Popović, Srbi u Vojvodini, knjiga 3, Novi Sad, 1990.
  6. ↑ Juraj Lončarević: Hrvati u Mađarskoj i Trianonski ugovor, Školske novine, Zagreb, 1993, ISBN   953-160-004-X
  7. 1 2 3 "Bács-Bodrog County". www.talmamedia.com. Archived from the original on 29 March 2008. Retrieved 27 January 2022.
  8. ↑ A magyar szent korona országainak 1910. évi népszámlálása; Budapest 1912
  9. ↑ Bara, Mario (2006-01-08). "Hrvatska seljačka stranka u narodnom preporodu bačkih Hrvata" [The Croatian Peasants' Party in the national movement of Bačka Croats (Summary)]. Pro Tempore (in Croatian) (3): 59–75. ISSN   1334-8302.
  10. ↑ "The Prosecutor against Vojislav Seselj - Third Amended Indictment" (PDF). ICTY. December 2007. Retrieved January 19, 2011.
  11. ↑ Marcus Tanner (August 1992). "'Cleansing' row prompts crisis in Vojvodina". The Independent. Retrieved January 19, 2011.
  12. ↑ Chuck Sudetic (July 26, 1992). "Serbs Force An Exodus From Plain". New York Times. Retrieved January 19, 2011.
  13. ↑ Vojislav Seselj indictment
  14. ↑ (in Croatian) Oko stotinu protjeranih Hrvata iz Vojvodine stiglo u Hrvatsku [ dead link ] 10 August 1995
  15. ↑ (in Croatian) Dom i svijet - Broj 220, Kako su Hrvati protjerani iz Vojvodine bolji zivot pronasli u Hrvatskoj, Hrtkovci u Slavoniji
  16. ↑ Croats in Serbia which is not in war with Croatia, With head stuck into sand
  17. ↑ Hrvatska nacionalna manjina u Srbiji Archived March 11, 2009, at the Wayback Machine
  18. ↑ (in Serbian) Sedamnaest godina od proterivanja Hrvata iz Hrtkovaca, Zoran Glavonjić
  19. ↑ "Anniversary of SRS rally in Vojvodina town". Archived from the original on 2010-05-10. Retrieved 2011-05-01.
  20. ↑ Srdić, Milan. "Rodna kuća bana Josipa Jelačića vraćena Hrvatskoj nacionalnoj zajednici". www.rts.rs. RTS, Radio televizija Srbije, Radio Television of Serbia. Retrieved 2020-07-20.
  21. ↑ https://publikacije.stat.gov.rs/G2023/Pdf/G20234001.pdf [ bare URL PDF ]
  22. ↑ http://pop-stat.mashke.org/serbia-ethnic-loc2022.htm [ bare URL ]
  23. ↑ (in Croatian) Pismo prognanih Hrvata Josipoviću
  24. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Damir Magaš (2015). "Population and Settlements of Croatia". The Geography of Croatia. University of Zadar. p. 321.
  25. ↑ "Ethnic Minorities in Serbia: An Overview" (PDF). OSCE . February 2008. p. 12.
  26. ↑ "2011 Census of Population, Households and Dwellings in the Republic of Serbia: Ethnicity" (PDF). Statistical Office of the Republic of Serbia. 29 November 2012. p. 8. Archived (PDF) from the original on 4 September 2016. Retrieved 17 March 2018.
  27. ↑ "Final results - Ethnicity". Statistical Office of the Republic of Serbia. 28 April 2023. Retrieved 22 October 2023.
  28. ↑ Vuković, Petar (2017). "Bunjevci from Bačka: Language situation". In Repanšek, Luka; Šekli, Matej (eds.). 12th Slavic Linguistics Society Annual Meeting Book of Abstracts. Založba ZRC; Slovenian Academy of Arts and Sciences. pp. 198–199. ISBN   978-9-61050-027-8.
  29. ↑ Stjepanović, Dejan (2015). "The Claimed Co-ethnics and Kin-State Citizenship in Southeastern Europe". Ethnopolitics. 14 (2): 152. doi:10.1080/17449057.2014.991151. hdl: 20.500.11820/8f5ce80b-bfb3-470c-a8b0-620df2a7760f . S2CID   146354988.
  30. ↑ Knežević, Aleksandar. "From ethno-statistics to ethno-politics. Is the population census a reliable source of data for ethno-demographic research?" (PDF).
  31. ↑ Mina Djurić Nikolić and Laura Trimajova (2015). "A Tale of Two Serbias? Census-taking in 2002 and 2011" (PDF). Census-taking in Serbia is particularly important as the results dictate budgetary fund allocations for each respective ministry; as such, the need for accuracy cannot be overstated
  32. ↑ The Committee of Experts of the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages (17 March 2023). "Fifth evaluation report on Serbia". p. 17; 32–37.
  33. ↑ "Grgo Bačlija: Bunjevački je govor, a ne jezik". Hrvatska Riječ (in Croatian). 2021-03-08. Archived from the original on 2021-07-31.
  34. ↑ "Masumi Kameda. Language Ideologies of the Bunjevac Minority in Vojvodina: Historical Backgrounds and the Post-1991 Situation" (PDF). 2014. pp. 95–119.
  35. ↑ "Bunjevački govori". Razlikuju se tri ogranka Bunjevačkih govora – podunavski, primorsko-lički i dalmatinski, a svi su kulturno bliski prema povijesnim, etnološkim i lingvističkim istraživanjima.
  36. ↑ "In memoriam: Grgo Bačlija (1939. – 2021.)". Hrvatska Riječ. 02-12-2021. p. Hitovi:74. Archived from the original on 2021-12-02. Retrieved 2022-01-03.
  37. ↑ "Masumi Kameda. Language Ideologies of the Bunjevac Minority in Vojvodina: Historical Backgrounds and the Post-1991 Situation" (PDF). 2014. p. 113 (95–119).
  38. ↑ "REČNIK BAČKIH BUNJEVACA".
  39. ↑ "Sombor: Predstavljen "Rječnik govora bačkih Hrvata" akademika dr. Ante Sekulića/". February 2008.
  40. ↑ Monique Kostadinović Randwijk. Bunjevac European Center. "EDUCATION. Bunjevac Cultural Heritage - Speech & Tradition". www.bunjevac.org. Archived from the original on 2022-01-15. Retrieved 2022-01-15. A few Bunjevac leaders and political activists, who are influential in the Bunjevac National Council, are strongly involved in developing a "national" identity of Bunjevci: stimulating folklore activities, and searching for political and linguistic support to transform Bunjevac dialect in to a distinct language.
  41. ↑ Bojan Belić (2014). "Bunyev(s): linguistic frontier to be?". изворни научни чланак УДК 81'27(497.113). 12 (2): 613. It appears that the concept of standardization, whatever it may mean to the various parties involved, occupies a central position, or – actually – the central position in the Bunyev language debate, for it looks as though it is only thanks to standardization that a speech variety may gain the label of language.
  42. ↑ Hrvatska katolička mreža (20 March 2021). "Ne postoji bunjevački jezik, nego bunjevački govor". From the scientific and linguistic point of view, we can say that it is a traditional Croatian language. Numerous records speak of this, all Croatian linguists, all world Slavic linguists, and even leading Serbian linguists have never questioned the Croatian origin of the Bunjevac dialect. Željko Jozić
  43. ↑ "Odluka o utvrđivanju standarda bunjevačkog jezika: 18/2018-192" Одлука о утврђивању стандарда буњевачког језика: 18/2018-192 [Decision of the National Council of Bunjevci no. 18/2018-192] (in Serbian). Archived from the original on 2021-09-02. Retrieved 2020-07-30– via Pravno-informacioni sistem RS.
  44. ↑ "PDF.js viewer" (in Serbian). Archived from the original on 2020-06-09. Retrieved 2020-07-30– via Pravno-informacioni sistem RS.
  45. ↑ "Одлука о утврђивању стандарда буњевачког језика: 18/2018-192". 2018. DECISION."Official Gazette of RS", No. 18 of March 9, 2018. The standard of the Bunjevac language is determined:- the established standard must be applied in textbooks and teaching of the Bunjevac language / speech;- the established standard must be applied in the media registered in order to achieve the public interest of information in the Bunjevac language;- The National Council of the Bunjevac National Minority may support in co-financing only those publications in the Bunjevac language that are in accordance with the established standard of the Bunjevac language;
  46. ↑ Šolaja, Dragan (2007-10-25). "Bunjevački jezik u školskom programu". Blic (in Serbian). Archived from the original on 2012-10-08. Retrieved 2011-05-25.
  47. ↑ Vuković, Teodora (January 2015). "Vuković,Theodora. Izrada modela dijalekatskog korpusa bunjevačkog govora".
  48. ↑ "ONLINE REČNIK BUNJEVAČKOG GOVORA". Archived from the original on 2022-03-05. Retrieved 2022-07-30. Bunjevački rečnik je audio-rečnik koji za cilj ima da predstavi realnu, svakodnevnu i spontanu upotrebu bunjevačkog govora. Zamišljen je kao baza koja će moći da se dopunjuje i proširuje. Kao osnova rečnika korišćeni su audio snimci prikupljani tokom istraživanja bunjevačkih običaja i govora od strane Balkanoločkog instituta Srpske akademije nauka i umetnosti tokom 2009. godine. Rezultati tog istraživanja objavljeni su monografiji ,,Bunjevci - Etnodijalektološka istraživanja 2009"1. Iz tog korpusa uzete su reči i primeri njihove upotrebe, a značenja reči su preuzete iz ,,Rečnika bačkih Bunjevaca"2. Za svaku reč, kao i za primere postoji zvučni zapis, kako bi bilo moguće čuti njihov autentičan izgovor. Bunjevački govor pripada mlađim štokavskim dijalektima ikavskog narečja. Bunjevci naseljavaju oblast Bačke, i to pretežno mesta u okolini Subotice i Sombora. Pomenuta istraživanja Balkanološkog instituta, obuhvataju govore iz okoline Subotice, tačnije ruralne zajednice Bikovo, Klisa, Đurđin, Mala Bosna, Stari Žednik i Tavankut. Izostavljene su zajednice iz Sombora i Bunjevci iz Mađarske. Bunjevački rečnik je 2013. godine započela Teodora Vuković, studentkinja master studija na Filološkom fakultetu u Beogradu, uz podršku prof. dr Biljane Sikimić sa Balkanološkog instituta Srpske akademije nauka i umetnosti. Projekat podržavaju Balkanološki institut i Nacionalni savet bunjevačke nacionalne manjine. SANU, 2012
  49. ↑ Mark E. Karan and Kerry M. Corbett (2014). Dialogue on Dialect Standardization. Dialogue on Dialect Standardization (PDF). Cambridge Scholars Publishing. pp. 55–61. ISBN   978-1-4438-6661-3 . Retrieved 2022-01-16. In every region there is a linguistic variation. This linguistic variation has to be respected, because it is the identity of people. That is where differentiation between the culture is. Dialect standardization only happens when the people involved have enough or modify their identity to that or affiliation associated with a larger group, standardization is possible and often occurs. Before a standardization process, speaker use their dialects for all of their speech functions. After a standardization process, speaker use the standardized variety for at least some of their speech functions. For example, reading and writing and conversation in formality situations often call for use of standardized dialect variety. Thus, the standardization process is fundamentally a shift in language use patterns.
  50. ↑ Tumbas, Nikola (2021-03-04). "Podržan predlog gradonačelnika Bakića da i bunjevački postane službeni jezik u Subotici". Subotica.info (in Serbian). Archived from the original on 2021-03-09. Retrieved 2021-03-04.
  51. ↑ Bošnjaković, Žarko; Sikimić, Biljana (2013). Bunjevci: Etnodijalektološka istraživanja 2009 (in Serbian). Subotica and Novi Sad: Nacionalni savet bunjevačke nacionalne manjine and Matica srpska. Archived from the original on 2021-09-02. Retrieved 2021-07-26.
  52. ↑ Aleksandar Raič and Suzana Kujundžić Ostojić (2014). Bunjevci izmed asimilacije i nacionalne zajednice. p. 144. Bunjevački jezik u javnoj upotribi. Dakle, za onaj jezik za koji mi kažemo jezik, a zvanično je priznat ko dijalekat.
  53. ↑ "предлагач: градско веће - SUBOTICA.com. 21 April 2021" (PDF). p. 26. Retrieved 2022-03-13. Od 2007. godine u škole se uvodi izborni predmet Bunjevački govor sa elementima nacionalne kulture, a predmet nakon standardizacije jezika menja svoj naziv u Bunjevački jezik sa elementima nacionalne kulture.
  54. ↑ "Osnovne škole u AP Vojvodini". Provincial Secretariat for Education, Regulations, Administration and National Minorities – National Communities. Retrieved 2022-03-13. U osnovnim školama na teritoriji AP Vojvodine, pored nastave na srpskom jeziku, nastava se ostvaruje i na još pet jezika (mađarski, slovački, rumunski, rusinski i hrvatski). Pored redovne nastave na navedenim jezicima, učenicima je omogućeno i izučavanje mađarskog, slovačkog, rumunskog, rusinskog i hrvatskog jezika, kao i još šest jezika (ukrajinski, bunjevački, romski, bugarski, makedonski i češki), što je ukupno jedanaest jezika u okviru izborne nastave – Maternji jezik / govor sa elementima nacionalne kulture. 11.05.2021
  55. ↑ "Одлука о утврђивању стандарда буњевачког језика: 18/2018-192". 2018. DECISION."Official Gazette of RS", No. 18 of March 9, 2018. The standard of the Bunjevac language is determined:- the established standard must be applied in textbooks and teaching of the Bunjevac language / speech;- the established standard must be applied in the media registered in order to achieve the public interest of information in the Bunjevac language;- The National Council of the Bunjevac National Minority may support in co-financing only those publications in the Bunjevac language that are in accordance with the established standard of the Bunjevac language;
  56. ↑ Institut za hrvatski jezik i jezikoslovlje. "Prijedlog za proglašenje bunjevačkoga govora nematerijalnom kulturnom baštinom" . Retrieved 3 March 2022. Institut za hrvatski jezik i jezikoslovlje uputio je Ministarstvu kulture RH prijedlog da se bunjevački govor proglasi hrvatskom nematerijalnom kulturnom baštinom, kao važan čin pomoći bunjevačkomu govoru i svim Bunjevcima u Hrvatskoj i inozemstvu.
  57. ↑ Fajin Deran, Ministry of Culture and Media of the Republic of Croatia (8 October 2022). "Bunjevački govori upisani u Registar kulturnih dobara Republike Hrvatske kao nematerijalno kulturno dobro" . Retrieved 26 July 2022.
  58. ↑ "Statut Hrvatskog nacionalnog vijeća u Republici Srbiji".
  59. ↑ Vanja, koji je rođeni Beograđanin, dijete iz mješovitoga braka, od majke Srpkinje i oca Hrvata iz Istre. Krsno ime mu je Franjo, a kršten je u katoličkoj crkvi u Beogradu. Vanja, who is born in Belgrade, a child of mixed marriage, from a Serb mother and a Croat father from Istria. His baptismal name is Franjo, and he was baptized in the Catholic Church in Belgrade. 2010, https://www.jutarnji.hr/sport/vanja-udovicic-ima-tri-drzavljanstva-a-krsno-ime-mu-je-franjo/2129490/
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