Cyclone Kenneth

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Map key
  Tropical depression (≤38 mph, ≤62 km/h)
  Tropical storm (39–73 mph, 63–118 km/h)
  Category 1 (74–95 mph, 119–153 km/h)
  Category 2 (96–110 mph, 154–177 km/h)
  Category 3 (111–129 mph, 178–208 km/h)
  Category 4 (130–156 mph, 209–251 km/h)
  Category 5 (≥157 mph, ≥252 km/h)
  Unknown
Storm type
Disc Plain black.svg Tropical cyclone
Solid black.svg Subtropical cyclone
ArrowUp.svg Extratropical cyclone, remnant low, tropical disturbance, or monsoon depression

On 17 April, the MFR began monitoring a vortex to the north of Madagascar. [5] The MFR continued to monitor the system over the next several days, noting a significant increase in deep convection on 21 April. [6] On 22 April at 12:00 UTC, the MFR began issuing advisories on the system, designating it as Tropical Disturbance 14. [7] Soon after, the Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC) issued a tropical cyclone formation alert, noting that the disturbance was located in a favorable environment with low vertical wind shear and warm sea surface temperatures of 29–30 °C (84–86 °F). [8] Early on 23 April, the JTWC began issuing warnings on the system, classifying it as Tropical Cyclone 24S. [9] A few hours later, the MFR upgraded the system to a tropical depression while it was moving west, under the influence of a low-to-mid-level ridge located to the south. [10] The MFR upgraded the depression to a moderate tropical storm at 12:00 UTC, assigning the name Kenneth to the storm. At that time, the MFR stated that cloud top temperatures had decreased to −90 °C (−130 °F) and that the overall organization of the system had improved. [11]

Soon after being named, Kenneth began to rapidly intensify, with the JTWC noting that a formative eye feature had developed. [12] Around 00:00 UTC on 24 April, the MFR upgraded the system to a severe tropical storm. [13] A few hours later, the JTWC followed suit, upgrading Kenneth to the equivalent of a Category 1 hurricane on the Saffir–Simpson hurricane wind scale. [14] At 12:00 UTC, Kenneth was upgraded by the MFR into the record-breaking tenth tropical cyclone of the season. At that time, the MFR stated that an eye was attempting to form within the central dense overcast of the storm, and that wind shear was beginning to decrease. [15] Around 18:00 UTC, Kenneth strengthened into the equivalent of a Category 3 major hurricane. At that time, the Hahaya International Airport on the Comoros island of Grand Comore reported winds of 36 knots (67 km/h; 41 mph) while Kenneth was located about 55 km (34 mi) to the north. [16] Six hours later, the MFR upgraded Kenneth to intense tropical cyclone status, noting that the storm had a very cold convective ring and that the core had become more compact. [17] On 25 April, at 06:00 UTC, Kenneth reached peak intensity, with 10-minute sustained winds of 215 km/h (134 mph) and a minimum central pressure of 934  hPa (27.58  inHg). At that time, Kenneth had a pinhole eye surrounded by very strong convection; however, the storm also began to undergo an eyewall replacement cycle. [18] Meanwhile, the JTWC estimated that Kenneth peaked as a Category 4-equivalent tropical cyclone, with 1-minute sustained winds of 230 km/h (140 mph). [19] As Kenneth approached the Mozambique coastline, the system slowly began to weaken due to the eyewall replacement cycle and the frictional effects of land interaction. Later that day, at 13:15 UTC, Kenneth made landfall in Mozambique as an intense tropical cyclone, just north of Pemba, with 1-minute sustained winds of 220 km/h (140 mph), equivalent to a Category 4 hurricane. [20] This made Kenneth the most intense landfalling tropical cyclone in the recorded history of Mozambique. [2] This also marked the second time in Mozambique's recorded history in which two storms have made landfall during the same cyclone season at intense tropical cyclone intensity or higher. [4]

Satellite image of Cyclone Kenneth approaching the Comoro Islands on 24 April Kenneth 2019-04-24 1035Z.jpg
Satellite image of Cyclone Kenneth approaching the Comoro Islands on 24 April

After landfall, Kenneth was re-classified as an overland depression, with 10-minute sustained winds of 155 km/h (96 mph), just below intense tropical cyclone strength. As the storm drifted further inland, it rapidly degenerated. [21] Shortly afterward, the JTWC issued its last warning on the system. Kenneth's central convection had drastically shrunk, with only a small area remaining over land. [22] Despite still being in a favorable atmospheric environment, Kenneth continued to rapidly weaken due to interaction with land. At 00:00 UTC on 26 April, the MFR issued its last warning on Kenneth, reporting 10-minute sustained winds of 65 km/h (40 mph), while the system was located about 110 km (68 mi) inland in Mozambique. [23] Kenneth continued to weaken, with its winds falling below gale force as it continued its southward motion. On 27 April, thunderstorms developed off the coast of Mozambique, although the center of Kenneth remained over land, as the system began drifting northward. [24] On 28 April, Kenneth emerged off the coast of northern Mozambique, but continued to weaken due to unfavorable conditions. Subsequently, Kenneth dissipated by 12:00 UTC on 29 April. [25]

Preparations and impact

Overall, Kenneth killed at least 52 people and damage is estimated to be at least US$345 million. [3] [26]

In the country of Comoros, Kenneth's winds and rains killed at least seven people and injured more than 200 others. Preliminary estimates state that approximately 60–80% of staple crops were destroyed. [27] Damage was estimated at CF81.7 billion (US$188 million), equivalent to 16% of the country's GDP. [28] [29]

Kenneth struck Mozambique about a month after Cyclone Idai had devastated the northern part of the country, raising fears that the ongoing humanitarian crisis there could be worsened by the storm. [20] [30] Local authorities in northern Mozambique evacuated more than 30,000 people ahead of the storm, given the expected impacts. [4]

Cyclone Kenneth made landfall just north of Pemba, Mozambique on Thursday evening, 25 April, at about 4:15 p.m., local time (12:15 UTC), with 1-minute sustained winds of 220 km/h (140 mph). [2] The IFRC reported widespread damage in the city, with power outages recorded throughout the city and numerous trees felled, which caused even more damage. In Mozambique, a total of 45 people were killed, [31] including a woman who was killed by a falling coconut tree near Pemba. [32] Additionally, four ships sank off the coast of the town of Palma. [33] On Ibo Island, it was reported that 90% of the homes were destroyed. In Cabo Delgado Province, 2,500 homes were destroyed with multiple schools and hospitals also sustaining damage. [34]

Aftermath

After the storm, the European Union released €1.5 million (US$1.7 million) as an immediate assistance for those being affected by the cyclone in Mozambique and Comoros. [35] The United Nations provided an emergency aid of $13 million to Mozambique and Comoros, which can help provide food and water, as well as repair the damaged infrastructure. [36] The storm also resulted in a temporary reduction of violence amid the Islamist insurgency in Mozambique, though rebel attacks resumed in May 2019. [37]

See also

Related Research Articles

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">2004–05 South-West Indian Ocean cyclone season</span> Cyclone season in the Southwest Indian Ocean

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">2008–09 South-West Indian Ocean cyclone season</span> Cyclone season in the Southwest Indian Ocean

The 2008–09 South-West Indian Ocean cyclone season was a slightly above average event in tropical cyclone formation. It began on November 15, 2008, and officially ended on April 30, 2009, with the exception for Mauritius and the Seychelles, for which it ended on May 15, 2009. These dates conventionally delimit the period of each year when most tropical cyclones form in the basin, which is west of 90°E and south of the Equator. Tropical cyclones in this basin were monitored by the Regional Specialised Meteorological Centre in Réunion.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Cyclone Bondo</span> South-West Indian cyclone in 2006

Intense Tropical Cyclone Bondo was the first of a series of six tropical cyclones to impact Madagascar during the 2006–07 South-West Indian Ocean cyclone season. Bondo developed on 15 December in the central Indian Ocean, west of Diego Garcia. After strengthening into a moderate tropical storm on 18 December, the storm rapidly intensified while moving westward, taking advantage of favorable atmospheric conditions. Within 18 hours of being named, Bondo intensified to tropical cyclone status, or the equivalent of a minimal hurricane. The Météo-France office on Réunion (MFR) estimated peak 10-minute sustained winds of 205 km/h (125 mph), although the American-based Joint Typhoon Warning Center estimated stronger 1-minute winds of 250 km/h (155 mph). While near peak intensity, Bondo passed just south of Agaléga island, before weakening slightly and moving through the Farquhar Group of islands belonging to the Seychelles, becoming the strongest cyclone to affect that island group in decades. Bondo turned southwestward, and after brushing the northern coast of Madagascar, the cyclone made landfall near Mahajanga on 25 December. The storm continued southward, and was last tracked by the MFR on 28 December.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">1984–85 South-West Indian Ocean cyclone season</span> Cyclone season in the Southwest Indian Ocean

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">1982–83 South-West Indian Ocean cyclone season</span> Cyclone season in the Southwest Indian Ocean

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Cyclone Hudah</span> South-West Indian and Australian cyclone in 2000

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">2018–19 South-West Indian Ocean cyclone season</span> Cyclone season in the Southwest Indian Ocean

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">2019–20 South-West Indian Ocean cyclone season</span> Cyclone season in the Southwest Indian Ocean

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">2020–21 South-West Indian Ocean cyclone season</span> Cyclone season in the Southwest Indian Ocean

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Tropical Storm Chalane</span> South-West Indian Ocean tropical storm in 2020

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">2021–22 South-West Indian Ocean cyclone season</span> Cyclone season in the Southwest Indian Ocean

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Tropical Storm Ana (2022)</span> South-West Indian Ocean tropical storm in 2022.

Severe Tropical Storm Ana was a deadly tropical cyclone that affected the African nations of Madagascar, Malawi and Mozambique and was the third-deadliest tropical cyclone in 2022, after the Western Pacific Tropical Storm Megi and Atlantic Hurricane Ian. The first named storm of the 2021–22 South-West Indian Ocean cyclone season, Ana developed from an area of convection that was designated as Invest 93S northeast of Madagascar.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Cyclone Gombe</span> South-West Indian Ocean cyclone in 2022

Tropical Cyclone Gombe was a strong tropical cyclone that affected Mozambique. It became the first storm to make a major landfall in Nampula Province in Mozambique since Cyclone Jokwe in 2008. The eighth tropical storm, fourth tropical cyclone and fourth intense tropical cyclone of the 2021–22 South-West Indian Ocean cyclone season, Gombe originated from a tropical disturbance located off the coast of Madagascar. This area of convection was designated by the Joint Typhoon Warning Center as Invest 97S on 6 March. The next day, it began to slowly move westward and executed a loop as it became more organized, which prompted Météo-France Reunion (MFR) to note the system as Zone of Disturbed Weather 09. The system became a depression on 9 March, and became a moderate tropical storm the same day. Soon after being named, Gombe made landfall in Madagascar, and entered in the Mozambique Channel the next day. The storm continued its westward motion while slowly intensifying, and was upgraded to a Tropical Cyclone by the MFR on 10 March. Closing in on Nampula Province, the storm underwent rapid intensification, and was upgraded to the fourth Intense Tropical Cyclone of the year and reached its peak intensity on 11 march, with maximum 10-minute sustained winds of 165 km/h (105 mph), maximum 1-minute sustained winds of 185 km/h (115 mph), and a minimum central pressure of 960 hectopascals (28 inHg). The storm proceeded to make landfall, and quickly lost its convection over land. On 12 March, Gombe degenerated into a remnant low overland. However, the system subsequently turned southeastward and reemerged over water, before briefly regenerating into a tropical depression on 17 March. Gombe dissipated later that day.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">2022–23 South-West Indian Ocean cyclone season</span> Tropical cyclone season

The 2022–23 South-West Indian Ocean cyclone season was one of the deadliest South-West Indian cyclone seasons on record, mostly due to Cyclone Freddy. It officially began on 15 November 2022, and ended on 30 April 2023, with the exception for Mauritius and the Seychelles, for which it ended on 15 May 2023. These dates conventionally delimit the period of each year when most tropical and subtropical cyclones form in the basin, which is west of 90°E and south of the Equator. However, tropical cyclones can form year-round, and all tropical cyclones that form between 1 July 2022 and 30 June 2023 will be part of the season. Tropical and subtropical cyclones in this basin are monitored by the Regional Specialised Meteorological Centre in Réunion and unofficially by the Joint Typhoon Warning Center. The season was average in terms of the number of systems that formed, with nine systems becoming at least moderate tropical storms, and six reaching tropical cyclone strength. Activity began early, with the first two systems developing in September and October, and ended late with Fabien in May.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Cyclone Cheneso</span> South-West Indian Ocean cyclone in 2023

Tropical Cyclone Cheneso was a strong tropical cyclone that affected Madagascar in January 2023. The fourth tropical storm and fifth tropical cyclone of the 2022–23 South-West Indian Ocean cyclone season, Cheneso developed out of a zone of disturbed weather status which was first monitored at RSMC La Réunion on 17 January. Despite convection wrapping into the curved band pattern, the system formed into a tropical depression on 18 January. The depression strengthened into Severe Tropical Storm Cheneso on the following day. Cheneso made landfall over northern Madagascar and weakened into an inland depression, before emerging into the Mozambique Channel. Cheneso later strengthened into a tropical cyclone on 25 January. The system continued moving southeast, before transitioning into a post–tropical depression on 29 January.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">2023–24 South-West Indian Ocean cyclone season</span> Tropical cyclone season

The 2023–24 South-West Indian Ocean cyclone season was an above-average season, including ten named storms, six tropical cyclones and two intense tropical cyclones. Despite its moderate activity, it was the least deadly and destructive season in three years. It is the current event of the annual cycle of tropical and subtropical cyclogenesis. It began on 15 November 2023, and ended on 30 April 2024, with the exception for Mauritius and the Seychelles, where it ended on 15 May 2024. These dates conventionally delimit the period of each year when most tropical and subtropical cyclones form in the basin, which is west of 90°E and south of the Equator. However, tropical cyclones can form year-round, and all tropical cyclones that formed between 1 July 2023 and 30 June 2024 would be part of the season. Tropical and subtropical cyclones in this basin are monitored by the Regional Specialised Meteorological Centre in Réunion and unofficially by the Joint Typhoon Warning Center.

References

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Intense Tropical Cyclone Kenneth
Kenneth 2019-04-25 0745Z.jpg
Cyclone Kenneth at peak intensity approaching Mozambique on 25 April