Cyclone Sidr

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Map key
Saffir–Simpson scale
  Tropical depression (≤38 mph, ≤62 km/h)
  Tropical storm (39–73 mph, 63–118 km/h)
  Category 1 (74–95 mph, 119–153 km/h)
  Category 2 (96–110 mph, 154–177 km/h)
  Category 3 (111–129 mph, 178–208 km/h)
  Category 4 (130–156 mph, 209–251 km/h)
  Category 5 (≥157 mph, ≥252 km/h)
  Unknown
Storm type
Disc Plain black.svg Tropical cyclone
Solid black.svg Subtropical cyclone
ArrowUp.svg Extratropical cyclone, remnant low, tropical disturbance, or monsoon depression

On November 9, an area of disturbed weather developed southeast of the Andaman Islands, with a weak low-level circulation near the Nicobar Islands. Initially moderate upper-level wind shear inhibited organization, while strong diffluence aloft aided in developing convection. [8] Vertical shear decreased greatly as the circulation became better defined, and a Tropical Cyclone Formation Alert was issued on November 11 while located a short distance south of the Andaman Islands. [9] Around the same time, the India Meteorological Department (IMD) designated the system as Depression BOB 09. [10] The Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC) upgraded it to Tropical Cyclone 06B after Dvorak estimates indicated winds of 65 km/h (40 mph). [11] Later that day, it intensified into a deep depression as it moved slowly north-westward. [12]

The IMD upgraded the system to Cyclonic Storm Sidr early on November 12. [13] The system then began to intensify quickly as it moved slowly northwestward, and the IMD upgraded it to a severe cyclonic storm later that day [14] and a very severe cyclonic storm early the next day. [15] On the morning of November 15, the cyclone intensified to reach peak winds of 215 km/h (135 mph) according to the IMD, [16] and a peak of 260 km/h (160 mph) according to the JTWC best track. [17] Sidr officially made landfall around 17:00 UTC later that day, [18] with sustained winds of 215 km/h (135 mph). [19] It weakened rapidly after landfall and the final advisories were issued early on November 16. [20]

Preparations

Storm surge forecasted on November 14 by numerical model Cyclone surgemap lg.jpg
Storm surge forecasted on November 14 by numerical model

As it intensified to a Category 4-equivalent cyclone on November 15, [2] thousands of emergency officials were put on standby in eastern India and Bangladesh in advance of the storm's arrival. Forecast heights of the storm surge predicted by a numerical model developed by Dr. Hassan Mashriqui (Louisiana State University) was communicated to the emergency response authorities in Bangladesh, [21] prompting a massive evacuations of low-lying coastal areas. [22] A total of 2 million people in Bangladesh evacuated to emergency shelters. [23] The Indian Metrological Department (IMD) also issued a cyclone alert for Odisha and West Bengal on November 14. In Bangladesh, an emergency cabinet meeting decided to withdraw weekly leave for the government officials to join the evacuation process. [24] Over 40,000 Red Crescent volunteers were deployed to order residents in the 15 affected provinces into special cyclone and flood shelters. [23] The main ports had been closed. [25]

Impact

Cyclone Sidr making landfall in Bangladesh. Sidr 2007-11-15 0930Z-1500Z.gif
Cyclone Sidr making landfall in Bangladesh.

Coastal districts of Bangladesh faced heavy rainfall as an early impact of the cyclone. Dhaka and other parts of Bangladesh experienced drizzle and gusty winds. [24] Total losses reached 196.25 billion taka (US$2.31 billion). [26]

Storm surges reaching up to a height of 3 metres (9.8 ft) were reported in the coastal areas of north Chennai in southern state of Tamil Nadu in India, triggering panic among the fishing community. [27] [28]

The damage in Bangladesh was extensive, including tin shacks flattened, houses and schools blown away and enormous tree damage. Some local officials have described the damage as being even worse than that from the 1991 cyclone. [29] The entire cities of Patuakhali, Barguna and Jhalokati District were hit hard by the storm surge of over 5 meters (16 ft). [30] About a quarter of the world heritage site Sunderbans were damaged. Researchers said mangrove forest Sunderban will take at least 40 years to recover itself from this catastrophe. [31] Much of the capital city of Dhaka was also severely affected, as electricity and water service were cut and significant damage was reported there due to winds and flooding. [32] The local agricultural industry was also devastated, as many rice crops — which have a December harvest — were lost. [33]

At least 3,447 deaths have been reported. [4] The hardest-hit area was Barguna, where 423 people were reported to have been killed, according to local officials. Patuakhali was also hard-hit, with 385 deaths reported. [32] Most of the deaths confirmed thus far were due to the winds, although 13 of them have been as a result of capsized boats in the Faridpur district of Bangladesh. [34] The head of the Red Crescent in Bangladesh expected the death toll to reach as high as 15,000. [35] Over 3,000 other fishermen were reported missing on over 500 fishing boats. [36] The maximum estimated death toll from Sidr in the densely populated region is over 15,000. [5]

Disaster response

People affected by the cyclone lining up for aid boats in Bangladesh Cyclone Sidr - US Navy Aid.jpg
People affected by the cyclone lining up for aid boats in Bangladesh
Map showing affected districts and disaster response. Sidr map.JPG
Map showing affected districts and disaster response.

Cyclone Sidr slammed the highly vulnerable low lying densely populated coastal areas of Bangladesh with heavy rain, winds of up to 190 km/h (120 mph), and a storm surge. Sidr may be the strongest cyclone to hit the country since a cyclone killed over 143,000 Bangladeshis in 1991. Although, the death from Sidr number in the thousands but damage to homes, crops and livelihoods could be extensive and were reportedly worst. Effective early warning, cyclone shelters and disaster relief measure implementations helped reduce the death toll. [37] Under a Cyclone Preparedness Program, volunteers evacuated at least 600,000 Bangladeshis in the path of the storm. Many are housed in 1,800 multipurpose disaster shelters built along the coast. Relief organizations distributed seven-day emergency disaster kits of food, blankets and clothing for evacuated families.

Since 1991, the donor community, including the US and EC, has supported disaster-preparedness to mitigate the impact of tropical storms and improve post-disaster relief and reconstruction. Cyclone walls planted within trees are in place to protect vulnerable areas from storm surges. Disaster shelters on stilts housing refugees plus early warning systems and timely evacuations appear to have greatly reduced the fatalities from Sidr. It killed around 15,000 people, the highest number since a cyclone killed nearly 140,000 in the region in 1991. [38] [39]

With wind velocities of up to 260 km/h, Cyclone Sidr has been named one of the 10 strongest and deadliest cyclones to strike the region of Bangladesh between 1876 and 2010. [40]

Aftermath

Houses damaged by the cyclone. Sidr damage.jpg
Houses damaged by the cyclone.
Sundarbans a few months after Cyclone Sidr Sundarbans a few months after cyclone sidr.jpg
Sundarbans a few months after Cyclone Sidr

National response

After the storm, 18 Bangladesh Air Force helicopters and five Bangladesh Navy ships were immediately dispatched with food, medicine, and relief supplies for the hardest-hit areas. [41] Bangladesh Red Crescent Society initially asked 400 million Taka (US$5,807,594) to the international community. [42] As part of the Bangladeshi cricket team's tour in New Zealand, a charity Twenty20 match was held with all funds raised going to the victims. In addition, the International Cricket Council donated US$250,000 to the funds at the start of the match. [43] The Ministry of Food and Disaster Management allocated 4,000 metric tonnes of rice, 7,500 tents, 18,000 blankets, and 30 million Taka (US$435,569) in relief grants. About 13,000 housing packages, consisting of iron sheets for roofing and family kits were prepared for immediate distribution. A special 350 million Taka (US$5,081,645) fund for housing was established by November 22, 2007. At that time, 732 medical teams were deployed to the affected areas. [44]

International response

Extremely Severe Cyclonic Storm Sidr
Sidr 2007-11-15 0657Z.jpg
Sidr at peak intensity in the Bay of Bengal on November 15
IBTrACS OOjs UI icon edit-ltr-progressive.svg

International communities had expanded their hands towards Bangladesh on this disaster. Below is a contribution list.

Country / InstitutionDescriptionFunding USDUncommitted Pledges (in USD)
Flag of Australia (converted).svg Australiasafe water, sanitation, foods, clothes, blankets8,2942,700,000
Flag of Belgium (civil).svg  Belgium rehabilitation of houses, agricultural support3,097,1570
Bill and Melinda Gates FoundationHumanitarian assistance500,0000
Flag of Canada (Pantone).svg CanadaHealth aid, non-food items, basic needs, foods,3,700,0000
Central emergency relief fundFor protective health environment, support to reproductive health service, telecommunication support, nutrition supplement,19,000,0000
Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg  China Relief and rehabilitation01,500,000
Flag of Denmark.svg  Denmark Humanitarian assistance2,900,0000
European Commission Humanitarian Aid OfficeEmergency assistance, foods, shelter, latrines, Relief and rehabilitation11,000,0000
Flag of Germany.svg GermanyFoods, non-foods,3,700,0000
Flag of India.svg Indiamedicine, foods, tents, blankets01,000,000
Flag of Iran.svg  Iran blankets, washing powder1,300,0000
Flag of Italy.svg ItalyFoods6,400,0000
Flag of Japan.svg JapanTents, blankets, sleeping mats, drinking water system, electricity generator1,500,0002,651,862
Flag of South Korea.svg  South Korea Foods,emergency relief100,0000
Flag of Kuwait.svg  Kuwait emergency assistance10,000,0000
Flag of the Netherlands.svg  Netherlands Humanitarian assistance, goods, transports9,500,0000
Flag of Norway.svg  Norway water, sanitary, goods4,000,0000
Flag of Saudi Arabia.svg  Saudi Arabia Cash donation directly100,000,0000
Flag of Spain.svg SpainFoods, drinking water, tents, blankets, medicine200,0001,080,800
Flag of Sweden.svg  Sweden Foods, sanitary, medicine, household3,700,0000
Flag of Switzerland (Pantone).svg  Switzerlandemergency assistance1,200,0000
Flag of Thailand.svg  Thailand emergency and food assistance1,000 tons of rice0
Flag of the United Kingdom.svg  United Kingdom Foods, water, medicine163,00013,000,000
Flag of the United States.svg United StatesShelter, water, sanitation, medicine, hygiene, US Military Aid mission (USS Tarawa and USS Kearsarge) which remained in the cyclone affected area for a month.3,159,3530

Post-storm diseases

People of the cyclone affected area experienced severe health problems such as diseases like diarrhea, which spread due to shortage of drinking water. [45] The landfall of Sidr had followed the devastation caused by consecutive floods earlier in 2007. [46] By January 15, 2008, the World Health Organization (WHO) reported that 44 people had Jaundice, 3,572 had Diarrhoea, 3,210 had Pneumonia, 7,538 were suffering from a skin disease, 2,309 had eye infections, and 10,349 had Typhoid Fever. To help reduce further spreading of the diseases, the Government of Norway provided the WHO with four water treatment plants to be used in areas affected by Sidr. [47]

Notes

  1. ↑ The name Sidr was contributed by Oman; it is an Arabic name of a tree belonging to the genus Ziziphus , specifically the Ziziphus spina-christi. There is another saying that it is derived from the Sinhalese Language where "Sidr" means 'hole' or 'eye. [1]

See also

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  42. ↑ "রেড ক্রিসেণ্ট সোসাইটির আশঙ্কা: ঘূর্ণিঝড়ে মৃতের সংখ্যা ১০ হাজার ছাড়িয়ে যেতে পারে". Prothom Alo (in Bengali). Mahfuz Anam. November 19, 2007. pp. 1–17.
  43. ↑ Cricinfo (December 23, 2007). "Bangladeshis pick up first tour win". Cricinfo. Retrieved January 2, 2008.
  44. ↑ United Nations (November 22, 2007). "United Nations Rapid Initial Assessment Report (Final Report)". ReliefWeb. Archived from the original (PDF) on April 15, 2009. Retrieved May 13, 2009.
  45. ↑ Khan, Ashfaq Wares; Hasan, Rashidul; Hossain, Sohrab (November 21, 2007). "Acute Shortage of Drinking Water:Huge health crisis looms large". The Daily Star . The Daily Star (Bangladesh). pp. Front page.
  46. ↑ Byron, Rejaul Karim (November 21, 2007). "Economy Sidr-struck:Call for more subsidy for ultra-poor, review of large budget by December". The Daily Star . The Daily Star (Bangladesh). pp. Front page.
  47. ↑ "Public Health Situation in 9 Districts: (Since 27 December 2007 to 15 January 2008)" (PDF). World Health Organization. January 15, 2008. Archived from the original (PDF) on August 9, 2009. Retrieved May 13, 2009.
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