Cymbidium madidum

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Giant boat-lip orchid
Cymbidium madidum Orchi 21.jpg
Scientific classification Red Pencil Icon.png
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Monocots
Order: Asparagales
Family: Orchidaceae
Subfamily: Epidendroideae
Genus: Cymbidium
Species:
C. madidum
Binomial name
Cymbidium madidum
Synonyms
  • Cymbidium iridifoliumA.Cunn. ex Lindl. nom. illeg.
  • Cymbidium albuciflorumF.Muell.
  • Cymbidium leaeRendle
  • Cymbidium queeneanumKlinge
  • Cymbidium leroyiSt.Cloud
  • Cymbidium madidum var. leroyi(St.Cloud) Menninger

Cymbidium madidum, commonly known as the giant boat-lip orchid, [2] is a plant in the orchid family and is endemic to north-eastern Australia. It is a clump-forming epiphyte or lithophyte with crowded pseudobulbs, each with between four and eight flat, strap-shaped, thin leaves and up to seventy olive green flowers with the sepals and petals curving forwards. It is found in moist habitats in eastern Queensland and north-eastern New South Wales.

Contents

Cultivated specimen in the Heidelberg Botanic Garden CymbidiumMadidum.jpg
Cultivated specimen in the Heidelberg Botanic Garden

Description

Cymbidium madidum is an epiphytic or lithophytic, clump-forming herb with crowded, oval, slightly flattened, green pseudobulbs 120–250 mm (4.7–9.8 in) and 40–60 mm (1.6–2.4 in) wide. Each pseudobulb has between four and eight thin, strap-like, flexible leaves 300–900 mm (12–35 in) and 30–40 mm (1–2 in) wide. Between ten and seventy olive green to brownish green flowers, 22–35 mm (0.87–1.4 in) long and 20–30 mm (0.79–1.2 in) wide are borne on an arching flowering stem 200–600 mm (7.9–24 in) long. The sepals and petals curve forward rather than spread widely, the sepals 12–15 mm (0.47–0.59 in) long and 5–6 mm (0.20–0.24 in) wide, the petals 10–13 mm (0.39–0.51 in) long and 4–5 mm (0.16–0.20 in) wide. The labellum is 12–15 mm (0.47–0.59 in) long and 5–6 mm (0.20–0.24 in) wide with three lobes. The side lobes are erect and the middle lobe is yellowish and has a shiny ridge along its midline. Flowering occurs between August and February. [2] [3] [4]

Taxonomy and naming

Cymbidium madidum was first formally described in 1840 by John Lindley who published the description in Edwards's Botanical Register . [5] [6] The specific epithet (madidum) is a Latin word meaning "moist", "soaked" or "sodden". [7]

Distribution and habitat

The giant boat-lip orchid grows in rainforest and other moist habitats on trees with fibrous or papery bark and on rocks and cliffs. It is found from the Cape York Peninsula in Queensland south to the Hastings River in New South Wales. [2] [4]

Traditional uses

Australian aborigines and early European settlers used pseudobulbs of Cymbidium madidum for dysentery and its seeds were used as an oral contraceptive. [8]

Related Research Articles

<i>Cymbidium suave</i> Species of orchid

Cymbidium suave, commonly known as the snake orchid or grassy boat-lip orchid, is a plant in the orchid family and is endemic to eastern Australia. It is an epiphytic orchid that forms long-lasting clumps of grass-like leaves. Up to fifty crowded olive green to dark or brownish green flowers are borne on an arching flowering stem. Of the three Australian species of Cymbidium, this is the only one that does not have prominent pseudobulbs. It is found in eastern Australia, usually growing in the hollows of old or fallen, decaying trees.

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<i>Dendrobium antennatum</i> Species of orchid

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<i>Dendrobium discolor</i> Species of orchid

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<i>Dendrobium jonesii</i> Species of orchid

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<i>Oberonia titania</i> Species of orchid

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<i>Dendrobium falcorostrum</i> Species of orchid

Dendrobium falcorostrum, commonly known as the beech orchid, is a species of epiphytic orchid endemic to eastern Australia. It has spindle-shaped pseudobulbs, each with between two and five leathery leaves and up to twenty crowded white flowers with purple markings on the labellum.

Liparis nugentiae, commonly known as the large sphinx orchid, is a plant in the orchid family and is endemic to Queensland. It is an epiphytic or lithophytic orchid which forms clumps with flattened pseudobulbs, two to four thin leaves and up to twenty greenish or pale yellow flowers. It grows in rainforest at altitudes above 600 m (2,000 ft) in tropical far North Queensland.

<i>Dendrobium bifalce</i> Species of orchid

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<i>Bulbophyllum maxillare</i> Species of orchid

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<i>Pomatocalpa marsupiale</i> Species of orchid

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<i>Liparis condylobulbon</i> Species of orchid

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Pinalia fitzalanii, commonly known as the common fuzz orchid, is a plant in the orchid family and is a clump-forming epiphyte or lithophyte. It has crowded pseudobulbs, each with three or four stiff, egg-shaped leaves sheathing the pseudobulb and up to thirty five creamy yellow flowers with soft hairs on the outside. It is found in moist habitats in New Guinea, the Solomon Islands and tropical North Queensland.

<i>Pholidota imbricata</i> Species of orchid

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Pinalia moluccana, synonym Eria kingii, commonly known as the common gremlin orchid, is a plant in the orchid family and is an epiphyte or lithophyte with crowded pseudobulbs, each with three or four thin, channelled leaves. Up to fifty white or cream-coloured, cup-shaped flowers with hairy exteriors are arranged along an erect flowering stem. It is native to areas between Sulawesi and tropical North Queensland.

References

  1. "Cymbidium madidum". World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP). Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
  2. 1 2 3 Jones, David L. (2006). A complete guide to native orchids of Australia including the island territories. Frenchs Forest, N.S.W.: New Holland. p. 466. ISBN   1877069124.
  3. Weston, Peter H. "Cymbidium madidum". Royal Botanic Garden Sydney. Retrieved 14 January 2019.
  4. 1 2 D.L.Jones; T.Hopley; S.M.Duffy (2010). "Factsheet - Cymbidium madidum". Australian Tropical Rainforest Orchids . Centre for Australian National Biodiversity Research (CANBR), Australian Government . Retrieved 28 May 2021.
  5. "Cymbidium madidum". APNI. Retrieved 14 January 2019.
  6. Lindley, John (1840). "Cymbidium madidum". Edwards's Botanical Register. 26: 9–10. Retrieved 14 January 2019.
  7. Brown, Roland Wilbur (1956). The Composition of Scientific Words. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press. p. 503.
  8. Hossain, Mohammad Musharof (March 2011). "Therapeutic orchids: traditional uses and recent advances — An overview". Fitoterapia. 82 (2): 102–140. doi:10.1016/j.fitote.2010.09.007. PMID   20851751.