Deinandra bacigalupii

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Deinandra bacigalupii
Deinandra bacigalupii photo with pen.jpg
Livermore tarplant flower.jpg
Status TNC G1.svg
Critically Imperiled  (NatureServe)
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Asterids
Order: Asterales
Family: Asteraceae
Genus: Deinandra
Species:
D. bacigalupii
Binomial name
Deinandra bacigalupii

Deinandra bacigalupii (sometimes misspelled bacigalupi) is a rare species of flowering plant in the family Asteraceae, known by the common names Livermore tarplant [1] and Livermore moonshine. [2] It is endemic to Alameda County, California, and is only found within a half-mile of the city limits of Livermore, in the eastern portion of the Livermore Valley. [3] The plant is considered endangered under the California Endangered Species Act, and there are only four known populations; a fifth was destroyed by a landscaping business in 2014. [3] The majority is located on city property near the Springtown neighborhood. [4] It grows in open areas with alkali soils, in alkali meadows and on the edges of alkali sinks, [5] and appears to be restricted to a soil called Solano fine sandy loam. [3] This plant was previously included within Deinandra increscens ssp. increscens, but it was separated and elevated to species level in 1999. [6]

Contents

This is an annual herb producing a solid stem 10 to 40 centimetres (4 to 16 in) tall. [5] The hairy, glandular leaves have narrow linear or lance-shaped blades with smooth or lobed edges. [5] The inflorescence is a cluster of flower heads each surrounded by the upper bracts on the stem branches. [5] The head contains 6 to 9 lobed yellow ray florets, each a few millimeters long, and several yellow disc florets with yellow or brown anthers. [5] The plant has sticky glands, giving it a strong odor, [3] which has been described as that of paint thinner. [7] It blooms between June and October, after most other plants in the area have died. [3]

Scientists think the plant diverged from its most recent ancestor in the more recent Pliocene, in the same valley it occupies today. [7] It is likely the host for an unidentified species of moth in the genus Heliothodes. [7]

Discovery and etymology

The species was proposed by Bruce G. Baldwin in 1999. [6] The plant's Latin name is for the American botanist Rimo Bacigalupi (1901–1996), first curator of the Jepson herbarium, who annotated the holotype of the species in 1967 with the note "Does not seem to match any thus far published species of Hemizonia ." [6]

Endangered species listing

The plant was petitioned to be listed under the California Endangered Species Act in 2014 by Heath Bartosh: at the time, California had not listed an endangered plant since 2007, and had only listed six total in the 21st century. [7] This was critical because the federal Endangered Species Act, unlike the California act, provides much weaker protection for plants than animals: federally endangered plants are only protected on federal property. [7] Supporters considered it to be a template for the listing of many more similarly rare plants in California. [7] The plant was listed as an endangered species by the California Fish and Game Commission on 25 August 2016, and six months later Livermore declared it to be the official city flower. [7]

Related Research Articles

<i>Hemizonia congesta</i> Species of flowering plant

Hemizonia congesta, known by the common name hayfield tarweed, is a species of flowering plant in the family Asteraceae, native to western North America.

<i>Holocarpha</i> Genus of flowering plants

Holocarpha is a small genus of flowering plants in the family Asteraceae. The genus contains four species of tarweeds, which are all endemic to California.

<i>Deinandra</i> Genus of flowering plants

Deinandra is a genus of flowering plants in the tribe Madieae within the family Asteraceae. Such a genus is not recognized as distinct by all authorities; its species are often treated as members of the genus Hemizonia.

<i>Holocarpha heermannii</i> Species of flowering plant

Holocarpha heermannii is a species of flowering plant in the family Asteraceae known by the common name Heermann's tarweed. It is endemic to California.

<i>Harmonia stebbinsii</i> Species of flowering plant

Harmonia stebbinsii is a species of flowering plant in the family Asteraceae known by the common name Stebbins' tarweed, or Stebbins' madia. It is endemic to northern California, where it is limited to the Klamath Mountains and adjacent slopes of the North Coast Ranges. It is a member of the serpentine soils plant community in these mountains, found at elevations of 1100–1600 meters. It is a rare annual herb producing a bristly stem up to about 25 centimeters tall studded with black resin glands. Its bristly leaves grow up to about 2 centimeters long and are mostly gathered near the base of the plant. The inflorescence is an array of flower heads lined with hairy, glandular, purple-tipped phyllaries. The head has a few yellow ray florets several millimeters long and yellow disc florets. The fruit is an achene tipped with a pappus.

Jensia yosemitana is a species of flowering plant in the family Asteraceae known by the common name Yosemite tarweed. It is endemic to California, where it has a scattered distribution across the Sierra Nevada and its foothills. Some of the populations lie inside Yosemite National Park.

<i>Blepharizonia</i> Genus of flowering plants

Blepharizonia is a genus of flowering plants in the family Asteraceae. There are two species, both endemic to California. They are known generally as big tarweeds.

Carlquistia is a rare North American genus of flowering plants in the family Asteraceae containing the single species Carlquistia muirii. Formerly named Raillardiopsis muirii, the plant was reexamined in the 1990s and moved to a new genus of its own, separate from similar and closely related genera, such as Madia. Common names for the species include Muir's tarplant, Muir's raillardiopsis, and Muir's raillardella.

<i>Deinandra conjugens</i> Species of flowering plant

Deinandra conjugens is a rare species of flowering plant in the family Asteraceae known by the common names Otay tarplant and Otay tarweed. It is native to a small section of far northern Baja California in Mexico, its range extending north into San Diego County, California, in the United States. One isolated population has been reported from the hills east of Cayucos in San Luis Obispo County.

Deinandra increscens is a species of flowering plant in the family Asteraceae known by the common name grassland tarweed. It is endemic to California, where it has been found primarily in Monterey, San Luis Obispo and Santa Barbara Counties. A few isolated populations have been reported from Kern and Merced Counties, but these are from urban areas and probably represent cultivated specimens.

<i>Deinandra fasciculata</i> Species of flowering plant

Deinandra fasciculata, known by the common names clustered tarweed and fascicled spikeweed, is a species of flowering plant in the family Asteraceae native to western North America.

<i>Deinandra minthornii</i> Species of flowering plant

Deinandra minthornii — — is a rare California species of flowering plant in the family Asteraceae known by the common name Santa Susana tarplant, or Santa Susana tarweed. It is listed as a rare species by the California Department of Fish and Wildlife and on the California Native Plant Society Inventory of Rare and Endangered Plants of California.

<i>Deinandra mohavensis</i> Species of flowering plant

Deinandra mohavensis, commonly known as Mojave tarplant or Mojave tarweed, is a species of flowering plant in the family Asteraceae.

Deiandra arida, also called Red Rock tarplant, is a rare California annual plant in the family Asteraceae.

Deinandra corymbosa is a rare North American species of plants in the tribe Madieae within the family Asteraceae. A common name is coastal tarweed.

Deinandra greeneana is a rare North American species of plants in the tribe Madieae within the family Asteraceae.

Deinandra palmeri is a rare North American species of plants in the tribe Madieae within the family Asteraceae.

<i>Deinandra kelloggii</i> Species of flowering plant

Deinandra kelloggii, Kellogg's spikeweed or Kellogg's tarweed, is a North American species of plant in the tribe Madieae within the family Asteraceae. It is native to Baja California, southern and central California, and Arizona.

Deinandra halliana, or Hall's tarplant, is a California species of plants in the tribe Madieae within the family Asteraceae. It has been found in the Coast Ranges of Central California, in Monterey, Fresno, San Benito, and San Luis Obispo Counties.

Deinandra pallida, the Kern tarweed, is a California species of plants in the tribe Madieae within the family Asteraceae. It has been found in the Coast Ranges, southern San Joaquin Valley, and Sierra Nevada foothills in Kern, Los Angeles, Santa Barbara, San Luis Obispo, Tulare, and Kings Counties. Isolated populations have been reported from farther north in Tuolumne County and northwestern Fresno County.

References

  1. ↑ "Species Details: Deinandra bacigalupii". CNPS Rare Plant Inventory. Retrieved 11 August 2024.
  2. ↑ "Deinandra bacigalupii". Calflora. Retrieved 11 August 2024.
  3. 1 2 3 4 5 "Livermore tarplant". California Department of Fish and Wildlife. California Threatened and Endangered Plant Profiles. Retrieved 2024-08-01.
  4. ↑ Ruggiero, Angela (27 February 2017). "Livermore: Hairy, smelly endangered tarplant considered as city flower". East Bay Times.
  5. 1 2 3 4 5 "Deinandra bacigalupii". Flora of North America.
  6. 1 2 3 Baldwin, Bruce G. (1999). "Deinandra bacigalupii (Compositae-Madiinae), a new tarweed from eastern Alameda county, California". Madroño . 46 (1): 55–57 – via Biodiversity Heritage Library.
  7. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Simons, Eric. "The Tarweed Lives Happily Ever After - The Weird, the Rare and the Ugly". Bay Nature. Retrieved 2024-08-11.


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