Diethylamine

Last updated
Diethylamine [1]
Et2NH.svg
Diethylamine 3D ball.png
Names
Preferred IUPAC name
N-Ethylethanamine
Other names
(Diethyl)amine
Diethylamine (deprecated [2] )
Identifiers
3D model (JSmol)
605268
ChEBI
ChEMBL
ChemSpider
ECHA InfoCard 100.003.380 OOjs UI icon edit-ltr-progressive.svg
EC Number
  • 203-716-3
MeSH diethylamine
PubChem CID
RTECS number
  • HZ8750000
UNII
UN number 1154
  • InChI=1S/C4H11N/c1-3-5-4-2/h5H,3-4H2,1-2H3 Yes check.svgY
    Key: HPNMFZURTQLUMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Yes check.svgY
  • CCNCC
Properties
C4H11N
Molar mass 73.139 g·mol−1
AppearanceColourless liquid
Odor fishy, ammonical
Density 0.7074 g mL−1
Melting point −49.80 °C; −57.64 °F; 223.35 K
Boiling point 54.8 to 56.4 °C; 130.5 to 133.4 °F; 327.9 to 329.5 K
Miscible
log P 0.657
Vapor pressure 24.2–97.5 kPa
150 μmol Pa−1 kg−1
Acidity (pKa)10.98 (of ammonium form)
-56.8·10−6 cm3/mol
1.385
Thermochemistry
178.1 J K−1 mol−1
−131 kJ mol−1
−3.035 MJ mol−1
Hazards
GHS labelling:
GHS-pictogram-flamme.svg GHS-pictogram-acid.svg GHS-pictogram-exclam.svg
Danger
H225, H302, H312, H314, H332
P210, P280, P305+P351+P338, P310
NFPA 704 (fire diamond)
NFPA 704.svgHealth 3: Short exposure could cause serious temporary or residual injury. E.g. chlorine gasFlammability 3: Liquids and solids that can be ignited under almost all ambient temperature conditions. Flash point between 23 and 38 °C (73 and 100 °F). E.g. gasolineInstability 1: Normally stable, but can become unstable at elevated temperatures and pressures. E.g. calciumSpecial hazards (white): no code
3
3
1
Flash point −23 °C (−9 °F; 250 K)
312 °C (594 °F; 585 K)
Explosive limits 1.8–10.1%
Lethal dose or concentration (LD, LC):
540 mg/kg (rat, oral)
500 mg/kg (mouse, oral) [3]
4000 ppm (rat, 4 hr) [3]
NIOSH (US health exposure limits):
PEL (Permissible)
TWA 25 ppm (75 mg/m3) [4]
REL (Recommended)
TWA 10 ppm (30 mg/m3) ST 25 ppm (75 mg/m3) [4]
IDLH (Immediate danger)
200 ppm [4]
Safety data sheet (SDS) hazard.com
Related compounds
Related amines
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
X mark.svgN  verify  (what is  Yes check.svgYX mark.svgN ?)

Diethylamine is an organic compound with the formula (CH3CH2)2NH. It is classified as a secondary amine. It is a flammable, volatile weakly alkaline liquid that is miscible with most solvents. It is a colorless liquid, but commercial samples often appear brown due to impurities. It has a strong ammonia-like odor.

Contents

Production and uses

The alumina-catalyzed reaction makes diethylamine from ethanol and ammonia. Diethylamine is obtained together with ethylamine and triethylamine. Annual production of the three ethylamines was estimated in 2000 to be 80,000,000 kg. [5]

Diethylamine is used in the production of corrosion inhibitor N,N-diethylaminoethanol, by reaction with ethylene oxide. It is also a precursor to a wide variety of other commercial products. It is also sometimes used in the illicit production of LSD. [6]

Organic chemistry

As the most abundantly available secondary amine that is liquid at room temperature, diethylamine has been extensively deployed in chemical synthesis. Its reactions illustrate the pattern seen for many other dialkylamines. It participates in Mannich reactions involving the installation of diethylaminomethyl substituents. [7] [8] [9] Alkylation gives the tertiary amine. [10] With trimethylsilyl chloride, it reacts to give the silylamide. [11]

Supramolecular structure

Supramolecular helix of diethylamine Diethylamine helix.gif
Supramolecular helix of diethylamine

Diethylamine is the smallest and simplest molecule that features a supramolecular helix as its lowest energy aggregate. Other similarly sized hydrogen-bonding molecules favor cyclic structures. [12]

Safety

Diethylamine has low toxicity, but the vapor causes transient impairment of vision. [5]

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Dimethylaniline</span> Chemical compound

N,N-Dimethylaniline (DMA) is an organic chemical compound, a substituted derivative of aniline. It is a tertiary amine, featuring a dimethylamino group attached to a phenyl group. This oily liquid is colourless when pure, but commercial samples are often yellow. It is an important precursor to dyes such as crystal violet.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Diazomethane</span> Simplest diazo compound and methylating agent

Diazomethane is an organic chemical compound with the formula CH2N2, discovered by German chemist Hans von Pechmann in 1894. It is the simplest diazo compound. In the pure form at room temperature, it is an extremely sensitive explosive yellow gas; thus, it is almost universally used as a solution in diethyl ether. The compound is a popular methylating agent in the laboratory, but it is too hazardous to be employed on an industrial scale without special precautions. Use of diazomethane has been significantly reduced by the introduction of the safer and equivalent reagent trimethylsilyldiazomethane.

Cyclohexene is a hydrocarbon with the formula (CH2)4C2H2. It is an example of a cycloalkene. At room temperature, cyclohexene is a colorless liquid with a sharp odor. Among its uses, it is an intermediate in the commercial synthesis of nylon.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Methylamine</span> Organic chemical compound

Methylamine is an organic compound with a formula of CH3NH2. This colorless gas is a derivative of ammonia, but with one hydrogen atom being replaced by a methyl group. It is the simplest primary amine.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Acetic anhydride</span> Organic compound with formula (CH₃CO)₂O

Acetic anhydride, or ethanoic anhydride, is the chemical compound with the formula (CH3CO)2O. Commonly abbreviated Ac2O, it is the simplest isolable anhydride of a carboxylic acid and is widely used as a reagent in organic synthesis. It is a colorless liquid that smells strongly of acetic acid, which is formed by its reaction with moisture in the air.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Diisopropyl ether</span> Chemical compound

Diisopropyl ether is a secondary ether that is used as a solvent. It is a colorless liquid that is slightly soluble in water, but miscible with organic solvents. It is used as an extractant and an oxygenate gasoline additive. It is obtained industrially as a byproduct in the production of isopropanol by hydration of propylene. Diisopropyl ether is sometimes represented by the abbreviation DIPE.

Morpholine is an organic chemical compound having the chemical formula O(CH2CH2)2NH. This heterocycle features both amine and ether functional groups. Because of the amine, morpholine is a base; its conjugate acid is called morpholinium. For example, treating morpholine with hydrochloric acid generates the salt morpholinium chloride. It is a colorless liquid with a weak, ammonia- or fish-like odor. The naming of morpholine is attributed to Ludwig Knorr, who incorrectly believed it to be part of the structure of morphine.

Triethylamine is the chemical compound with the formula N(CH2CH3)3, commonly abbreviated Et3N. It is also abbreviated TEA, yet this abbreviation must be used carefully to avoid confusion with triethanolamine or tetraethylammonium, for which TEA is also a common abbreviation. It is a colourless volatile liquid with a strong fishy odor reminiscent of ammonia. Like diisopropylethylamine (Hünig's base), triethylamine is commonly employed in organic synthesis, usually as a base.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Cyanamide</span> Chemical compound featuring a nitrile group attached to an amino group

Cyanamide is an organic compound with the formula CN2H2. This white solid is widely used in agriculture and the production of pharmaceuticals and other organic compounds. It is also used as an alcohol-deterrent drug. The molecule features a nitrile group attached to an amino group. Derivatives of this compound are also referred to as cyanamides, the most common being calcium cyanamide (CaCN2).

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Thiophenol</span> Chemical compound

Thiophenol is an organosulfur compound with the formula C6H5SH, sometimes abbreviated as PhSH. This foul-smelling colorless liquid is the simplest aromatic thiol. The chemical structures of thiophenol and its derivatives are analogous to phenols, where the oxygen atom in the hydroxyl group (-OH) bonded to the aromatic ring in phenol is replaced by a sulfur atom. The prefix thio- implies a sulfur-containing compound and when used before a root word name for a compound which would normally contain an oxygen atom, in the case of 'thiol' that the alcohol oxygen atom is replaced by a sulfur atom.

2-Chloroethanol (also called ethylene chlorohydrin or glycol chlorohydrin) is an organic chemical compound with the chemical formula HOCH2CH2Cl and the simplest beta-halohydrin (chlorohydrin). This colorless liquid has a pleasant ether-like odor. It is miscible with water. The molecule is bifunctional, consisting of both an alkyl chloride and an alcohol functional group.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Carbonyl condensation</span> Organic reaction of carbonyl compounds with amines to imines

In organic chemistry, alkylimino-de-oxo-bisubstitution is the organic reaction of carbonyl compounds with amines to imines. The reaction name is based on the IUPAC Nomenclature for Transformations. The reaction is acid catalyzed and the reaction type is nucleophilic addition of the amine to the carbonyl compound followed by transfer of a proton from nitrogen to oxygen to a stable hemiaminal or carbinolamine. With primary amines, water is lost in an elimination reaction to an imine. With aryl amines, especially stable Schiff bases are formed.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ethylamine</span> Chemical compound

Ethylamine, also known as ethanamine, is an organic compound with the formula CH3CH2NH2. This colourless gas has a strong ammonia-like odor. It condenses just below room temperature to a liquid miscible with virtually all solvents. It is a nucleophilic base, as is typical for amines. Ethylamine is widely used in chemical industry and organic synthesis. It is a DEA list I chemical by 21 CFR § 1310.02.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Allylamine</span> Chemical compound

Allylamine is an organic compound with the formula C3H5NH2. This colorless liquid is the simplest stable unsaturated amine.

Diisopropylamine is a secondary amine with the chemical formula (Me2CH)2NH (Me = methyl). Diisopropylamine is a colorless liquid with an ammonia-like odor. Its lithium derivative, lithium diisopropylamide, known as LDA is a widely used reagent.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Diacetone alcohol</span> Chemical compound

Diacetone alcohol is an organic compound with the formula CH3C(O)CH2C(OH)(CH3)2, sometimes called DAA. This colorless liquid is a common synthetic intermediate used for the preparation of other compounds, and is also used as a solvent.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Trimethyl phosphite</span> Chemical compound

Trimethyl phosphite is an organophosphorus compound with the formula P(OCH3)3, often abbreviated P(OMe)3. It is a colorless liquid with a highly pungent odor. It is the simplest phosphite ester and finds used as a ligand in organometallic chemistry and as a reagent in organic synthesis. The molecule features a pyramidal phosphorus(III) center bound to three methoxy groups.

Glycolonitrile, also called hydroxyacetonitrile or formaldehyde cyanohydrin, is the organic compound with the formula HOCH2CN. It is the simplest cyanohydrin and it is derived from formaldehyde. It is a colourless liquid that dissolves in water and ether. Because glycolonitrile decomposes readily into formaldehyde and hydrogen cyanide, it is listed as an extremely hazardous substance. In January 2019, astronomers reported the detection of glycolonitrile, another possible building block of life among other such molecules, in outer space.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Diethylethanolamine</span> Chemical compound

Diethylethanolamine (DEAE) is the organic compound with the molecular formula (C2H5)2NCH2CH2OH. A colorless liquid, is used as a precursor in the production of a variety of chemical commodities such as the local anesthetic procaine.

4-Chlorobutyronitrile is the organic compound with the formula ClCH2CH2CH2CN. With both chloro and cyano functional groups, it is a bifunctional molecule. It is a colorless liquid.

References

  1. ↑ Merck Index, 12th Edition, 3160
  2. ↑ Nomenclature of Organic Chemistry : IUPAC Recommendations and Preferred Names 2013 (Blue Book). Cambridge: The Royal Society of Chemistry. 2014. p. 671. doi:10.1039/9781849733069-FP001. ISBN   978-0-85404-182-4.
  3. 1 2 "Diethylamine". Immediately Dangerous to Life or Health Concentrations (IDLH). National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH).
  4. 1 2 3 NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards. "#0209". National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH).
  5. 1 2 Karsten Eller, Erhard Henkes, Roland Rossbacher, Hartmut Höke (2005). "Amines, Aliphatic". Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry . Weinheim: Wiley-VCH. doi:10.1002/14356007.a02_001. ISBN   978-3527306732.{{cite encyclopedia}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  6. ↑ Shulgin, Alexander. "Erowid Online Books:"TIHKAL" - #26 LSD-25". www.erowid.org. Retrieved 12 August 2019.
  7. ↑ Charles E. Maxwell (1943). "β-Diethylaminomethylacetophenone Hydrochloride". Organic Syntheses. 23: 30. doi:10.15227/orgsyn.023.0030.
  8. ↑ C. F. H. Allen and J. A. VanAllan (1947). "Diethylaminoacetonitrile". Organic Syntheses. 27: 20. doi:10.15227/orgsyn.027.0020.
  9. ↑ Alfred L. Wilds, Robert M. Nowak, Kirtland E. McCaleb (1957). "1-Diethylamino-3-Butanone". Organic Syntheses. 37: 18. doi:10.15227/orgsyn.037.0018.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  10. ↑ W. W. Hartman (1934). "β-Diethylaminoethyl Alcohol". Organic Syntheses. 14: 28. doi:10.15227/orgsyn.014.0028.
  11. ↑ W. J. Middleton, E. M. Bingham (1977). "Diethylaminosulfur Trifluoride". Organic Syntheses. 57: 50. doi:10.15227/orgsyn.057.0050.
  12. ↑ Felix Hanke; Chloe J. Pugh; Ellis F. Kay; Joshua B. Taylor; Stephen M. Todd; Craig M. Robertson; Benjamin J. Slater; Alexander Steiner (2018). "The simplest supramolecular helix". Chemical Communications . 54 (47): 6012–6015. doi:10.1039/C8CC03295E. PMID   29796532.
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