Echinocereus fendleri

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Echinocereus fendleri
Echinocereus fendleri flowers1.jpg
Status TNC G4.svg
Apparently Secure  (NatureServe) [2]
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Order: Caryophyllales
Family: Cactaceae
Subfamily: Cactoideae
Genus: Echinocereus
Species:
E. fendleri
Binomial name
Echinocereus fendleri
(Engelm.) Sencke ex J.N.Haage
Synonyms
  • Cereus fendleriEngelm. 1849

Echinocereus fendleri is a species of cactus known by the common names pinkflower hedgehog cactus and Fendler's hedgehog cactus. It is named in honor of Augustus Fendler. [3]

Contents

It grows in deserts and woodlands in the Southwestern United States and Northeastern Mexico. [4] It is most common in New Mexico. [5]

The taxonomy of the species is uncertain, with authors recognizing up to eight varieties. [5]

Description

Echinocereus fendleri grows solitary with an erect oval or cylindrical stem, sometimes forming a clump of several spreading stem branches. The stem may reach 7.5 to 30 centimeters in maximum height and 3.8 to 6.2 centimeters in diameter. They have eight to ten non-tuberculated ribs. There are up to 16 spines per areole, generally in shades of brown and white, or white with a brown stripe. The single dark central spine, which may be absent, is straight or slightly curved and lightens with age, measuring 1.2 to 3.8 centimeters long. The five to nine light-colored, spreading, straight marginal spines are 0.9 to 1.2 centimeters long.

The showy flower is most any shade of pink, from nearly white to deep maroon. It can be 11 centimeters long and wide, each tepal measuring up to 7 centimeters long. The fruit is spherical, red and a few centimeters long. [6]

The flesh of the plant is edible, and Native American groups consumed the stems and fruits. [5]

Subspecies

There are two recognized subspecies: [7]

ImageScientific nameDistribution
Echinocereus fendleri subsp. fendleri Fendler's hedgehog cactus (14213033672).jpg Echinocereus fendleri subsp. fendleriArizona to W. Texas and Mexico (Sonora, N. Chihuahua)
Echinocereus fendleri ssp rectispinus pm 01.JPG Echinocereus fendleri subsp. rectispinus(Peebles) N.P.TaylorSE. Arizona to W. Texas, Mexico (N. Sonora, Coahuila)

Echinocereus fendleri subsp. fendleri, Kuenzler's hedgehog cactus' (formerly Echinocereus kuenzleri), is rare and federally listed as an endangered species of the United States. When it was listed in 1979, there were only 200 known individuals of this variety remaining, all in the Sacramento Mountains of New Mexico. It was threatened with extinction by poachers, who removed many plants from the wild.

More populations have since been discovered. The US Fish and Wildlife Service has suggested it be downlisted to threatened status. [8] Kuenzler's hedgehog cactus differs from other varieties of the species by having large flowers, reaching 11 centimeters long and magenta in color, and white spines. [8]

Distribution

Echinocereus fendleri is found in the United States (Arizona, New Mexico, Colorado, and Texas) and the neighboring Mexican states of Sonora and Chihuahua. Plants are found growing in on dry slopes and in rocky limestone areas growing in semidesert grasslands, chaparral, coniferous-oak woodlands at elevations of 900 to 2400 meters. [9]

Taxonomy

First described as Cereus fendleri by George Engelmann in 1849, the species was named to honor German botanist August Fendler. Francisco Seitz placed the species in the genus Echinocereus in 1870. [10]

Related Research Articles

<i>Echinocereus engelmannii</i> Species of cactus

Echinocereus engelmannii, the strawberry hedgehog cactus or Engelmann's hedgehog cactus, is a cactus commonly found in desert areas of the southwestern United States and the adjacent areas of Mexico, including the states of California, Nevada, Utah, Arizona, Baja California and Sonora.

<i>Echinocereus reichenbachii</i> Species of cactus

Echinocereus reichenbachii is a perennial plant and shrub in the cactus family. The species is native to the Chihuahuan Desert and parts of northern Mexico and the southern United States, where they grow at elevations up to 1,500 meters (4,900 ft). This cactus earned the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit.

<i>Echinocereus triglochidiatus</i> Species of cactus

Echinocereus triglochidiatus is a species of hedgehog cactus known by several common names, including kingcup cactus, claret cup cactus, red-flowered hedgehog cactus and Mojave mound cactus. This cactus is native to the southwestern United States and northern Mexico, where it is a resident of varied habitats from low desert to rocky slopes, scrub, and mountain woodland. E. triglochidiatus is the official state cactus of Colorado.

<i>Cochemiea tetrancistra</i> Species of cactus

Cochemiea tetrancistra is a species of fishhook cactus known by the common name common fishhook cactus. It is native to the Mojave and Sonoran Deserts of northern Mexico and the southwestern United States, where it grows in a variety of desert habitat types.

<i>Echinocereus viridiflorus</i> Species of cactus

Echinocereus viridiflorus is a species of cactus known by the common names nylon hedgehog cactus, green pitaya, and small-flowered hedgehog cactus. It is native to the central and south-central United States and northern Mexico, where it can be found in varied habitat types, including desert scrub, woodlands, dry grasslands, and short-grass prairie.

<i>Echinocereus dasyacanthus</i> Species of cactus

Echinocereus dasyacanthus is a member of the cactus family, Cactaceae. It is one of about 2000 total species belonging to this family. The cactus is commonly known as Texas rainbow cactus because of the subtle rings or bands of contrasting colors along the stem of the plant. Not all Texas rainbow cacti have the "rainbow" coloration on their stems. Another common name is spiny hedgehog cactus.

<i>Echinocereus stramineus</i> Species of cactus

Echinocereus stramineus is a species of cactus, with stramineus meaning made of straw. There are various common names such as strawberry cactus, porcupine hedgehog cactus, straw-color hedgehog, and pitaya. The straw-colored spines distinguishes this particular plant from other Echinocereus. The aged spines may turn white in color and are very fragile.

<i>Oenothera harringtonii</i> Species of flowering plant

Oenothera harringtonii is a species of flowering plant in the evening primrose family known by the common names Arkansas Valley evening primrose and Colorado Springs evening primrose. It is endemic to the state of Colorado in the United States.

<i>Echinocereus berlandieri</i> Species of cactus

Echinocereus berlandieri is a species of hedgehog cactus. Its range includes most of South Texas, and is commonly found along the Nueces River and the lower Rio Grande.

<i>Echinocereus arizonicus</i> Species of cactus

Echinocereus arizonicus is a species of cactus native to the Chihuahuan Desert region of Chihuahua, southwestern New Mexico and southeastern Arizona, as well as in the Superstition and Mescal Mountains of Central Arizona at elevations between 1400 to 1900 meters.

<i>Echinocereus fasciculatus</i> Species of cactus

Echinocereus fasciculatus, commonly known as pinkflower hedgehog cactus, is a clumping cactus (Cactaceae) with brilliant magenta flowers and long spines found in the Sonoran Desert.

<i>Echinocereus coccineus</i> Species of plant

Echinocereus coccineus is a species of hedgehog cactus. Its native to Northern and Central America. It grows on full sun, in sandy or rocky well-drained soil. It can survive in hardiness zones 8–11.

<i>Echinocereus rigidissimus</i> Species of cactus

Echinocereus rigidissimus, commonly known as the Arizona rainbow cactus or rainbow hedgehog cactus, is a solitary-growing cactus that rarely branches or offsets with age.

<i>Echinocereus bonkerae</i> Species of cactus

Echinocereus bonkerae, also known as pinkflower hedgehog cactus, Bonker hedgehog, or short spined strawberry cactus, is a species of hedgehog cactus.

<i>Echinocereus enneacanthus</i> Species of plant

Echinocereus enneacanthus is a species of flowering plant first described by George Engelmann.

<i>Echinocereus websterianus</i> Species of cactus in Mexico

Echinocereus websterianus, commonly known as the San Pedro Nolasco hedgehog cactus or Webster's hedgehog cactus, is a species of cactus. It is named after American philanthropist Gertrude Webster, who cofounded the Desert Botanical Garden in Phoenix, Arizona.

<i>Cochemiea wrightii</i> Species of cactus

Cochemiea wrightii is a species of Cochemiea found in Mexico and the southern United States.

<i>Echinocereus longisetus</i> Species of cactus

Echinocereus longisetus is a species of Echinocereus found in Mexico.

<i>Echinocereus ledingii</i> Species of cactus

Echinocereus ledingii is a species of cactus native to Arizona.

<i>Echinocereus nicholii</i> Species of cactus

Echinocereus nicholii is a species of cactus native to Mexico.

References

  1. Heil, K.; Terry, M.; Corral-Díaz, R. (2017) [amended version of 2013 assessment]. "Echinocereus fendleri". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2017: e.T152682A121484139. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-3.RLTS.T152682A121484139.en . Retrieved 10 December 2022.
  2. NatureServe (2023). "Echinocereus fendleri". Arlington, Virginia. Retrieved 28 December 2023.
  3. SEINet
  4. Echinocereus fendleri. [ permanent dead link ] The Nature Conservancy.
  5. 1 2 3 Echinocereus fendleri. US Forest Service Fire Ecology.
  6. Echinocereus fendleri. Flora of North America.
  7. "Echinocereus fendleri (Engelm.) Sencke ex Haage". Plants of the World Online. Retrieved 2024-06-29.
  8. 1 2 USFWS. var. kuenzleri Five-year Review. May 2005.
  9. "Echinocereus fendleri". LLIFLE. 2013-08-04. Retrieved 2024-06-29. Creative Commons by-sa small.svg  This article incorporates textfrom this source, which is available under the CC BY-SA 3.0 license.
  10. Arts, American Academy of (1849). "Memoirs of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences". The Academy. ISSN   0096-6134 . Retrieved 2024-06-29.