Egyptian parliamentary election, 1883

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A three-stage parliamentary election was held in Egypt in 1883, with 13.3% of the population eligible to vote. [1]

Egypt Country spanning North Africa and Southwest Asia

Egypt, officially the Arab Republic of Egypt, is a country spanning the northeast corner of Africa and southwest corner of Asia by a land bridge formed by the Sinai Peninsula. Egypt is a Mediterranean country bordered by the Gaza Strip and Israel to the northeast, the Gulf of Aqaba and the Red Sea to the east, Sudan to the south, and Libya to the west. Across the Gulf of Aqaba lies Jordan, across the Red Sea lies Saudi Arabia, and across the Mediterranean lie Greece, Turkey and Cyprus, although none share a land border with Egypt.

Contents

Electoral system

The country's electoral system was designed by Lord Dufferin, who was said by The Times to have "adopted the design of a pyramid". [2] The first stage of the election involved the election of one "election delegate" (for which there was no eligibility criteria) in around 4,300 village constituencies. [2] A total of 797,571 citizens were eligible to vote in the first stage. [2] The delegates then met in the provincial capitals to elect a Provincial Council. The fourteen Provincial Councils then elected one member each to the Legislative Council. [2]

Frederick Hamilton-Temple-Blackwood, 1st Marquess of Dufferin and Ava British politician

Frederick Temple Hamilton-Temple-Blackwood, 1st Marquess of Dufferin and Ava was a British public servant and prominent member of Victorian society. In his youth he was a popular figure in the court of Queen Victoria, and became well known to the public after publishing a best-selling account of his travels in the North Atlantic.

<i>The Times</i> British newspaper, founded 1785

The Times is a British daily national newspaper based in London. It began in 1785 under the title The Daily Universal Register, adopting its current name on 1 January 1788. The Times and its sister paper The Sunday Times are published by Times Newspapers, since 1981 a subsidiary of News UK, itself wholly owned by News Corp. The Times and The Sunday Times do not share editorial staff, were founded independently, and have only had common ownership since 1967.

Cairo was divided into twelve quarters, with each quarter holding one delegate, with 65,016 people eligible to vote. [2] The twelve delegates then elected a single member of the Legislative Council. [2] Alexandria was divided into four quarters, each electing a delegate. Together with the single delegates elected from Damietta, Port Said, Rosetta, Suez, El Arish and Ismailia, they elected one member of the Legislative Council. [2]

Cairo City in Egypt

Cairo is the capital of Egypt. The city's metropolitan area is one of the largest in Africa, the largest in the Middle East, and the 15th-largest in the world, and is associated with ancient Egypt, as the famous Giza pyramid complex and the ancient city of Memphis are located in its geographical area. Located near the Nile Delta, modern Cairo was founded in 969 CE by the Fatimid dynasty, but the land composing the present-day city was the site of ancient national capitals whose remnants remain visible in parts of Old Cairo. Cairo has long been a centre of the region's political and cultural life, and is titled "the city of a thousand minarets" for its preponderance of Islamic architecture. Cairo is considered a World City with a "Beta +" classification according to GaWC.

Alexandria Metropolis in Egypt

Alexandria is the second-largest city in Egypt and a major economic centre, extending about 32 km (20 mi) along the coast of the Mediterranean Sea in the north central part of the country. Its low elevation on the Nile delta makes it highly vulnerable to rising sea levels. Alexandria is an important industrial center because of its natural gas and oil pipelines from Suez. Alexandria is also a popular tourist destination.

Damietta City in Egypt

Damietta also known as Damiata, or Domyat, is a port and the capital of the Damietta Governorate in Egypt, a former bishopric and present multiple Catholic titular see. It is located at the Damietta branch, an eastern distributary of the Nile, 15 kilometres (9.3 mi) from the Mediterranean Sea, about 200 kilometres (120 mi) north of Cairo.

Provincial Councils

The country had fourteen Provincial Councils with between three and eight members. Only delegates were eligible to be elected to the councils, with the additional criteria that prospective members had to be over the age of 30, literate, pay at least £50 of land tax a year and not be a soldier or functionary. [2]

ProvinceRegistered votersElectorsCouncillors
Asyut 78,5893307
Beheira 33,8323115
Beni Suef 20,9652004
Dakahlia 80,1324516
Eaneh 15,4821634
Faiyum 30,265903
Gallioubieh 25,0321644
Gharbia Governorate 144,5345448
Giza 42,0732024
Girga 108,9916465
Minya 14,1852904
Monufia 105,4713456
Qena 26,6201144
Sharqia 71,4004456
Total797,5714,29570
Source: The Times [2]

Legislative Council

The Legislative Council was composed of 30 members, 14 of which were elected by the Provincial Councils, 14 appointed by the Khedive on the advice of his ministers, one elected by the Cairo delegates and one elected by the delegates from the seven other cities. [2] It met six times a year, starting in February, then in every other month. [2]

Khedive noble title of the Ottoman Empire

The term Khedive is a title largely equivalent to the English word viceroy. It was first used, without official recognition, by Muhammad Ali Pasha, the governor of Egypt and Sudan, and vassal of the Ottoman Empire. The initially self-declared title was officially recognized by the Ottoman government in 1867, and used subsequently by Ismail Pasha, and his dynastic successors until 1914.

General Council

A General Council was also convened. This had 84 members, consisting of the eight ministers of the Khedive, the 30 members of the Legislative Council, and a further 46 members elected by electors from the village constituencies, cities and towns. [2] The same eligibility critiera as the Provincial Councils was applied to members, except for the land tax requirement, which was reduced to £20 in Cairo and Alexandria and zero for the rest of the country. [2]

Supplmentary General Council members by electoral district
AreaMembers
Cairo 4
Alexandria 3
Damietta 1
Rosetta 1
Suez/Port Said 1
Ismailia/El Arish 1
Lower Egypt provinces20
Upper Egypt provinces15
Total46
Source: The Times [2]

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References

  1. ↑ Dolf Sternberger, Bernhard Vogel, Dieter Nohlen & Klaus Landfried (1978) Die Wahl der Parlamente: Band II: Afrika, Erster Halbband, p293 (in German)
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 "The New Egyptian Institutions", The Times, 10 October 1883, p8, Issue 30947
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