Elaeocarpus joga | |
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Canopy of a mature tree, Rota Island, CNMI | |
Scientific classification | |
Kingdom: | Plantae |
Clade: | Tracheophytes |
Clade: | Angiosperms |
Clade: | Eudicots |
Clade: | Rosids |
Order: | Oxalidales |
Family: | Elaeocarpaceae |
Genus: | Elaeocarpus |
Species: | E. joga |
Binomial name | |
Elaeocarpus joga | |
Synonyms [2] | |
Elaeocarpus joga is a species of tree in the family Elaeocarpaceae. It is native to the Mariana Islands and Palau. It is a moderately-sized tree with blue-coloured, round, 1.5cm diameter fruit and leaves which turn bright red before they senescence.
In the Chamorro language it is called yoga. [3]
Merrill (see taxonomy) considered it to be a distinct species by virtue of its relatively small leaves with numerous domatia upon them, and its relatively large flowers. [3]
Elaeocarpus joga was first formally described by Elmer Drew Merrill in 1914, [1] [3] but earlier described in the 1905 The Useful Plants of Guam by W. E. Safford. The holotype was collected by R. C. McGregor in Guam in 1911. [3]
In the 1971 article The Flora of Guam, B. C. Stone recorded it as E. sphaericus (sensu Schum. , now E. angustifolius), but in a 1979 article in the same journal updating the flora of the region, A geographical checklist of the Micronesian Dicotyledonae, Fosberg et al. did not accept this and continued to recognise E. joga. [2]
Coode writes in 2010 that E. joga, and its partial synonym E. carolinensis, need to be re-examined (it falls outside the region studied in his paper) to see if it truly is an independent species and not a synonym, and to which section of the genus Elaeocarpus it belongs. If it belongs to section Ganitrus like E. angustifolius, this is a biogeographic oddity, because all other species appear to have evolved in the Malay Archipelago. [4] Merrill places it in the section Dicera. [3] Confusingly, Fosberg et al. also state that E. grandis, which may in turn be a synonym of E. angustifolius, has been introduced to Palau. [2]
A 2013 thesis using molecular phylogenetics to study the Elaeocarpus in Australasia tested an old sample of E. carolinensis from the Caroline Islands and found it generally nested within E. angustifolius in most sequences studied, but somewhat divergent in trnL-F. It clearly belongs to section Ganitrus, which was found nicely genetically monophyletic, despite the section's circumscription being based on Cooke's morphological studies alone. [5]
According to Fosberg et al. the species is native to the Marianas Islands (Guam, Rota, Saipan, Pagan, Alamagan) and the nation of Palau (Babeldaob). [2] [6]
In the late 19th century some logging of this species took place on Guam. It yielded logs of up to 14m, although Safford was unaware of trees that size in 1905. [3]
Micronesia is a subregion of Oceania, consisting of about 2,000 small islands in the North western Pacific Ocean. It has a close shared cultural history with three other island regions: Maritime Southeast Asia to the west, Polynesia to the east, and Melanesia to the south—as well as with the wider community of Austronesian peoples.
Elaeocarpus is a genus of nearly five hundred species of flowering plants in the family Elaeocarpaceae native to the Western Indian Ocean, Tropical and Subtropical Asia, and the Pacific. Plants in the genus Elaeocarpus are trees or shrubs with simple leaves, flowers with four or five petals usually, and usually blue fruit.
Elmer Drew Merrill was an American botanist and taxonomist. He spent more than twenty years in the Philippines where he became a recognized authority on the flora of the Asia-Pacific region. Through the course of his career he authored nearly 500 publications, described approximately 3,000 new plant species, and amassed over one million herbarium specimens. In addition to his scientific work he was an accomplished administrator, college dean, university professor and editor of scientific journals.
The Micronesian megapode or Micronesian scrubfowl is an endangered megapode which inhabits islands of the Western Pacific Ocean.
The Micronesian myzomela is a species of bird in the honeyeater family Meliphagidae. The species forms a superspecies with a number of related and similar looking island and mainland myzomelas across the Pacific and Australasia. It in turn is composed of seven insular subspecies.
Elaeocarpus angustifolius is a species of flowering plant in the family Elaeocarpaceae and occurs from India to New Caledonia and northern Australia. Common synonyms are E. ganitrus and E. sphaericus. It is a large evergreen tree, often with buttress roots, and has leaves with wavy serrations, creamy white flowers and more or less spherical bright blue drupe fruit. In English, the tree is known as utrasum bean tree in India. In Sri Lanka recorded names are woodenbegar and Indian bead tree. It is simply known as elaeocarpus in the Northern Territory of Australia. Other names used for this tree in Australia are Indian oil fruit and genitri. In Hawaii it is known as a blue marble tree.
Elaeocarpus grandis, commonly known as caloon, white quandong, blue quandong, silver quandong, blue fig or blueberry ash, is species of flowering plant in the family Elaeocarpaceae and is endemic to eastern Australia. It is a large tree with buttress roots at the base of the trunk, oblong to elliptic leaves with small teeth on the edges, racemes of greenish-white flowers and more or less spherical blue fruit.
Elaeocarpus kirtonii, commonly known as silver quandong, white quandong, brown hearted quandong, brownheart, mountain beech, Mowbullan whitewood, pigeonberry ash, white beech or whitewood, is species of flowering plant in the family Elaeocarpaceae and is endemic to eastern Australia. It is a large rainforest tree with buttress roots, regularly toothed, narrow elliptic to narrow oblong leaves, racemes of white flowers and pale blue, oval fruit.
Elaeocarpus dentatus, commonly known as hinau, is a native lowland forest tree of New Zealand. Other names in Māori for the tree are hangehange, pōkākā, and whīnau.
Lepturopetium is a genus of Pacific Island plants in the grass family.
Elaeocarpus williamsianus, commonly known as hairy quandong, is a species of flowering plant in the family Elaeocarpaceae and is endemic to a restricted area of north-eastern New South Wales. It is a small tree with lance-shaped leaves, racemes of greenish-white flowers and spherical blue fruit.
Aceratium is a genus of about 20 species of trees and shrubs of eastern Malesia and Australasia from the family Elaeocarpaceae. In Australia they are commonly known as carabeens. They grow naturally in rainforests, as large shrubs to understorey trees and large trees.
Elaeocarpus hedyosmus is a species of flowering plant in the Elaeocarpaceae family used as a medicinal plant. It is one of three recently described species that is endemic to Sri Lanka.
Elaeocarpus taprobanicus is a species of flowering plant in the Elaeocarpaceae family used as a medicinal plant. It is one of three recently described species that is endemic to Sri Lanka.
The Marianas tropical dry forests is a tropical and subtropical dry broadleaf forests ecoregion on the Marianas Islands in the western Pacific Ocean.
The Yap tropical dry forests is a tropical and subtropical dry broadleaf forests ecoregion in Micronesia. It includes the Yap Islands and neighboring atolls in the Federated States of Micronesia.
Elaeocarpus stipularis is a tree in the Elaeocarpaceae family. It is found from the Aru Islands, eastern Indonesia, to Philippines, and through Mainland Southeast Asia to Odisha, India. It has edible fruit, its wood is used and some medical uses are ascribed to it.
Elaeocarpus arnhemicus, commonly known as elaeocarpus, blue plum, bony quandony or Arnhem Land quandong, is species of flowering plant in the family Elaeocarpaceae and is native to northern Australia, New Guinea, Timor and certain other islands in the Indonesian Archipelago. It is a tree with narrow elliptic to lance-shaped or egg-shaped leaves with serrated edges, racemes of white or cream-coloured flowers and metallic blue fruit.
Elaeocarpus largiflorens, commonly known as tropical quandong, is a species of flowering plant in the family Elaeocarpaceae and is endemic to Queensland. It is a medium-sized to large tree, sometimes with buttress roots at the base of the trunk, mostly elliptic leaves and reddish-brown flowers.