List of endemic plants in the Mariana Islands

Last updated

Micronesia is a biodiversity hotspot with an exceptionally high richness of endemic plant species, 10 times higher than that of Hawaii. [1] The Mariana Islands form an archipelago in the northwest of the Micronesian region.

Contents

In 2012, Craig M. Costion and David H. Lorence compiled a list of Micronesian endemic plants, and assessed that the Mariana Islands had 22 endemic plant species (16 species in the southern Mariana Islands, of which 11 were isolated to Guam, and 5 species in the northern Mariana Islands). They concluded that there was an approximately 3% rate of endemism in the Mariana Islands (endemic species per km2), which is comparable to the rates in Hawaii (4%) and Tonga (2%) but lower than the 14% rate of endemism among all Micronesian islands. [1] However, the number of known Marianas endemics has greatly expanded since then with new discoveries, taxonomic revisions, and improvements in digitized databases.

Plants endemic to the Mariana Islands

The following list includes plants that have an endemic range only within the Mariana Islands. "Mariana Islands" is defined in accordance with the World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions (WGSRPD), level 3 code "MRN," and includes the following geopolitical territories:

Only species, subspecies, varieties, and forms that are recognized as "accepted" by the Plants of the World Online database are included in this list; synonyms are not include. Some synonyms are listed next to the accepted name if they are still in common use in recent botanical literature. Subspecies are abbreviated "subs.," varieties "var.," and forms "f." after the species name.

The following list of Marianas endemic plants was compiled based on a list generated by Plants of the World Online in May 2023. This list may not be complete and may not reflect recent changes in taxonomy. An updated list of accepted species for a geographic area can be generated on the Plants of the World Online. [2]

Plants are listed in order by size of their approximate native range, beginning with those with the most restricted native ranges.

Scientific name Chamorro name(s) Order Native Distribution Conservation status
Terminalia rostrata Fosberg & Falanruw [3] Myrtales Asuncion [3]
Leptecophylla mariannensis (Kaneh.) C.M.Weiller [4] Ericales Alamagan [4]
Psychotria hombroniana (Baill.) Fosberg [5]
  • Psychotria hombroniana var. mariannensis(Kaneh.) Fosberg [6]
  • Psychotria hombroniana var. ladronica(Hosok.) Fosberg [7]
  • Psychotria hombroniana var. hombroniana [8]
Aplokating-palaoan [9] Rubiales Psychotria hombroniana: Marianas, Caroline Islands [5]
  • var. mariannensis: Alamagan [6]
  • var. ladronica(Hosok.) Fosberg: Rota [7]
  • var. hombroniana: Marianas
Osmoxylon mariannense (Kaneh.) Fosberg & Sachet [10] No known common name [11] Apiales Rota [10] Critically endangered (IUCN) [12] Endangered (USFWS) [11]
Nesogenes rotensis Fosberg & D.R.Herbst [13] No known common name [14] Lamiales Rota [13] Endangered (USFWS) [11]
Derris mariannensis Hosok. [15] Fabales Rota [15]
Psychotria rotensis Kaneh. [16]
  • Psychotria rotensis var. rotensis [17]
Gentianales Psychotria rotensis: Marianas, Caroline Islands [16]
  • Psychotria rotensis var. rotensis: Rota [17]
Psychotria rotensis is considered a rare plant on Guam by GPEPP (University of Guam) [18]
Croton saipanensis Hosok. [19] Euphorbiales Saipan [19]
Mucuna pacifica Hosok. [20] Fabales Saipan [20]
Phreatia ladronica Tuyama [21] Asparagales Saipan [21]
Hedyotis scabridifolia Kaneh. [22]
  • Hedyotis scabridifolia var. scabridifolia [23]
  • Hedyotis scabridifolia var. stoneiFosberg [24]
Gentianales Hedyotis scabridifolia:Marianas [22]
  • var. scabridifolia: Saipan [23]
  • var. stonei: Rota, Guam
Pogostemon guamensis Lorence & W.L.Wagner [25] No known common name Lamiales Guam (northern limestone cliff faces) [25] [26] Critically endangered (preliminarily) [26]
Tinospora homosepala Diels [27] No known common name [14] Ranunculales Guam [27] Endangered (USFWS) [14]
Hedyotis megalantha Merr. [28] Paudedo [14] Gentianales Guam [28] Endangered (USFWS) [14]
Eugenia bryanii Kaneh. [29] No known common name [14] Myrtales Guam [29] Endangered (USFWS) [14]
Psychotria malaspinae Merr. [30] Aplokating-palaoan [14] Gentianales Guam [30] Endangered (USFWS) [14]
Elatostema divaricatum (Gaudich.) Fosberg [31] Rosales Guam [31]
Elatostema stenophyllum Merr. [32] Rosales Guam [32]
Dianella saffordiana Fosberg & Sachet [33] Asparagales Guam [33]
Potamogeton marianensis Cham. & Schltdl. [34] Alismatales Guam [34]
Psychotria andersonii Fosberg [35] Gentianales Guam [35]
Digitaria gaudichaudii (Kunth) Henrard [36] Poales Guam [36]
Schleinitzia fosbergii Nevling & Niezgoda [37] Fabales Guam [37]
Allophylus holophyllus Radlk. [38] Ericales Guam [38]
Rhaphidophora guamensis P.C.Boyce [39] Araceae Guam [39]
Timonius nitidus (Bartl. ex DC.) Fern.-Vill. [40] Gentianales Guam [40]
Syzygium guamense Byng [41] Myrtales Guam [41]
Bulbophyllum raulersoniae Deloso, Paulino & Cootes [42] Asparagales Guam [42] Proposed by Deloso et al. to be listed as endangered [43]
Crepidium alamaganense (S.Kobay.) T.Yukawa [44]

(synonym: Malaxis alamaganensis)

 Asparagales Northern Marianas [44]
Peperomia mariannensis C.DC. [45]
  • Peperomia mariannensis f. saipana(C.DC.) Fosberg [46]
Piperales Peperomia mariannensis: Marianas, Caroline Islands (Palau) [45]
  • f. saipana(C.DC.) Fosberg: Saipan, Tinian
Dendrobium oblongimentum Hosok. & Fukuy. [47] Asparagales Guam (northern), Rota [47]
Serianthes nelsonii Merr. [48] Håyun lågu (Guam)

Trongkon guåfi (Rota) [14]

Fabales Guam, Rota [48] Endangered (USFWS) [11]
Bulbophyllum guamense Ames [49] Siboyas hålom tåno [14] Asparagales Guam, Rota [49] Threatened (USFWS) [14]
Thelypteris gretheri (W.H.Wagner) B.C.Stone [50]

(synonym: Cyclosorus gretheri)

 Polypodiales Guam, Rota [50]
Thelypteris guamensis (Holttum) Fosberg & Sachet [51] (synonym: Cyclosorus guamensis) Polypodiales Guam, Rota [51]
Tabernaemontana rotensis (Kaneh.) B.C.Stone [52] (considered by POWO to be a synonym of the more widespread Tabernaemontana pandacaqui [53] although it was determined by USFWS, using genetic analysis, to be a distinct species. [54] No known common name [14] Gentianales Guam, Rota [54] Threatened (USFWS) (Tabernaemontana rotensis) [14]
Syzygium thompsonii [55] Atoto [9] Myrtales Guam, Rota, Saipan [55]
Solanum guamense Merr. [56] Berenghenas halomtano [14] Solanales Marianas [56] Endangered (USFWS) [14]
Phyllanthus saffordii Merr. [57] No known common name [57] Malpighiales Marianas [57] Endangered (USFWS) [14]
Hedyotis laciniata Kaneh. [58] Gentianales Marianas [58] Considered a rare plant on Guam by GPEPP (University of Guam) [59]
Claoxylon marianum Müll.Arg. [60] Katot [9] Malpighiales Marianas [60] Considered a rare plant on Guam by GPEPP (University of Guam) [61]
Nervilia jacksoniae Rinehart & Fosberg [62] No known common name [14] Asparagales Marianas [62] Threatened (USFWS) [11]
Maesa walkeri Fosberg & Sachet [63] No known common name [14] Ericales Marianas [63] Threatened (USFWS) [11]
Dendrobium guamense Ames [64] No known common name [14] Asparagales Marianas [64] Threatened (USFWS) [14]
Trachoma guamense (Ames) Garay (synonym: Tuberolabium guamense) [65] No known common name [14] Asparagales Marianas [65] Threatened (USFWS) [14]
Canavalia megalantha Merr. [66] Fabales Marianas [66]
Dischidia puberula Decne. [67] Gentianales Marianas [67]
Jasminum marianum DC. [68] Banago [9] Lamiales Marianas [68]
Eugenia palumbis Merr. [69] Agatelang [9] Myrtales Marianas [69]
Drypetes dolichocarpa Kaneh. [70] (synonym: Drypetes rotensis)Mwelel [71] Malpighiales Marianas [70]
Macaranga thompsonii Merr. [72] Pengua [9] Malpighiales Marianas [72]
Ochrosia mariannensis A.DC. [73]
  • Ochrosia mariannensis var. mariannensis [74]
  • Ochrosia mariannensis var. crassicarpa Fosberg & Falanruw [75]
Langiti [76] Gentianales Marianas [73]
  • var. mariannensis (Marianas) [74]
  • var. crassicarpa (Saipan) [75]
Discocalyx megacarpa Merr. [77] Otot [9] Ericales Marianas [77]
Discocalyx ladronica Mez [78] Ericales Marianas [78]
Piper guahamense C.DC. [79] Pupúlu aniti [9] Piperales Marianas [79]
Piper salicinum Opiz [80] Piperales Marianas [80]
Ischaemum longisetum Merr. [81] Poales Marianas [81]
Cyrtandra agrihanensis Ohba [2] Lamiales Marianas [2]
Premna mariannarum Schauer [82] Lamiales Marianas [82]
Premna paulobarbata H.J.Lam [83] Lamiales Marianas [83]
Corchorus tiniannensis Hosok. [84] Malvales Marianas [84]
Grammatophyllum schmidtianum Schltr. [85] Asparagales Marianas [85]
Bikkia longicarpa Valeton [86] Gentianales Marianas [86]
Allophylus laetus Radlk. [87] Sapindales Marianas [87]
Tarenna sambucina var. glabra(Merr.) Fosberg & Sachet [88] Gentianales Marianas [88]
Callicarpa lamii Hosok. [89] Lamiales Marianas [89] (Guam, Rota, Aguiguan, Tinian, Saipan, Alamagan, Pagan, Agrihan)
Callicarpa candicans var. paucinervia(Merr.) Fosberg [90] Hamlag [9] Lamiales Marianas [90]

Plants endemic to the Pacific islands, including the Mariana Islands

The following list includes plants that are native to the Marianas but have a broader native range in Micronesia or the Pacific islands. Plants with native ranges into the Asian continent are not included.

Only species or subspecies that are recognized as "accepted" by the Plants of the World Online database are included in this list (synonyms are not include). Some synonyms are listed with the accepted name if they are still in common use in recent botanical literature. This list is not complete and may not reflect recent changes in taxonomy. An updated and complete list can be generated on the Plants of the World Online. [2]

Plants are listed roughly in order by size of their native range, beginning with plants with the most restricted native ranges.

Scientific name Chamorro name(s) Order Native Distribution Conservation status
Phreatia thompsonii Ames [91] Asparagales Guam, Pohnape [91]
Meryta senfftiana Volkens [92] Apiales Saipan to Caroline Islands [92]
Phyllanthus marianus Müll.Arg. [93] Gaogao uchan [9] Malpighiales Marianas to Caroline Islands (Ulithi) [93]
Psychotria mariana Bartl. ex DC. [94] Aplokating [9] Gentianales Marianas to Caroline Islands (Fais) [94]
Ixora triantha Volkens [95] Guaguat [96] Gentianales Marianas, Caroline Islands (Yap) [95]
Elaeocarpus joga Merr. [97] Yoga [9] Oxalidales Marianas, Caroline Islands (Palau) [97]
Zeuxine fritzii Schltr. [98] Asparagales Marianas, Caroline Islands (Palau) [98]
Zeuxine ovata (Gaudich.) Garay & W.Kittr. [99] Asparagales Marianas, Caroline Islands (Palau) [99]
Artocarpus mariannensis Trécul [100] Dugdug [9] Rosales Marianas to Caroline Islands (Palau) [100]
Heritiera longipetiolata Kaneh. [101] Ufa hålom tåno' [14] Malvales Marianas to Caroline Islands (Pohnpei) [101] Endangered (USFWS) [14]
Glochidion marianum Müll.Arg. [102] (synonym: Phyllanthus mariannensis; [103] WFO recognizes Phyllanthus mariannensis as an accepted species. [104] )Chosgu [105] Malpighiales Glochidion marianum: Guam and Caroline Islands [103]

Phyllanthus mariannensis: Guam [104]

Hedyotis fruticulosa (Volkens) Merr. [106] Gentianales Marianas, Caroline Islands [106]
Ficus microcarpa var. saffordii(Merr.) Corner [107] Rosales Marianas, Caroline Islands [107]
Tephrosia mariana DC. [108] Fabales Marianas, Caroline Islands [108]
Sporobolus farinosus Hosok. [109] Poales Marianas, Caroline Islands [109]
Coelogyne guamensis Ames [110] Asparagales Marianas, Caroline Islands [110]
Thelypteris maemonensis (W.H.Wagner & Grether) B.C.Stone [111] (synonym: Cyclosorus maemonensis) Polypodiales Marianas, Caroline Islands [111]
Elatostema calcareum Merr. [112] Tupun ayuyu [113] Rosales Marianas, Caroline Islands [112]
Xylosma nelsonii Merr. [114] Malpighialies Marianas, Caroline Islands [114]
Gymnosporia thompsonii Merr. [115] (synonym: Maytenus thompsonii)Luluhot [9] Celastrales Marianas to Caroline Islands [115]
Aglaia mariannensis Merr. [116] Mapuñao [9] Sapindales Marianas to Caroline Islands [116]
Melastoma malabathricum var. mariannum(Naudin) Fosberg & Sachet [117] Gafao [9] Myrtales Marianas, Caroline Islands [117]
Sphaeropteris aramaganensis (Kaneh.) R.M.Tryon [118] Cyatheales South Kazan-retto to Marianas [118]
Digitaria mezii Kaneh. [119] Poales Marianas, New Guinea [119]
Cycas micronesica K.D.Hill [120] Fadang [14] Cycadales Marianas, Caroline Islands, Marshall Islands) [120] Endangered (IUCN); Threatened (USFWS) [14]
Melochia villosissima (C.Presl) Merr. [121] Sayåfii [122] Malvales Kazan-retto (Minami-Iōtō) to northwestern Pacific (Caroline Is., Marianas) [121]
Myoporum boninense Koidz. [123] Lamiales Ogasawara-shoto, Marianas, New South Wales
Ixora casei Hance [124] Gentianales Northwest Pacific to Gilbert Islands (Caroline Is., Gilbert Is., Marianas, Marshall Is.) [124]
Dendrocnide latifolia (Gaudich.) Chew [125] Rosales Solomon Islands to W. Pacific (Caroline Is., Marianas, New Caledonia, Solomon Is., Vanuatu) [125]
Freycinetia reineckei Warb. [126] Fianiti [122] Pandanales Western Pacific (Caroline Is., Marianas, Samoa, Vanuatu) [126]
Myrtella bennigseniana (Volkens) Diels [127] Myrtales Marianas, Caroline Is., New Guinea [127]
Hernandia labyrinthica Tuyama [128] Laurales Marianas, New Guinea, Solomon Is. [128]
Medinilla medinillana(Gaudich.) Fosberg & Sachet [129] Myrtales Maluku, Marianas, New Guinea, Sulawesi [129]
Leptopetalum foetidum (G.Forst.) Neupane & N.Wikstr. [130] Gentianales Cook Is., Fiji, Marianas, New Caledonia, Niue, Samoa, Tonga, Tubuai Is., Vanuatu [130]
Eugenia reinwardtiana(Blume) DC. [131] A'abang Myrtales Jawa (Kangean Island) to Pacific (Borneo, Caroline Is., Cook Is., Fiji, Hawaii, Jawa, Lesser Sunda Is., Maluku, Marianas, Marquesas, New Guinea, Niue, Pitcairn Is., Queensland, Samoa, Society Is., Tonga, Tuamotu, Tubuai Is., Vanuatu, Western Australia) [131]
Merrilliodendron megacarpum (Hemsl.) Sleumer [132] Icacinales Philippines to W. Pacific (Bismarck Archipelago, Caroline Is., Marianas, New Guinea, Philippines, Santa Cruz Is., Solomon Is., Sulawesi, Vanuatu) [132]
Capparis spinosa subsp. cordifolia(Lam.) Fici [133]

(synonym: Capparis mariana)

 Brassicales Central Malesia to western and southern Pacific (Caroline Is., Cook Is., Fiji, Lesser Sunda Is., Marianas, Marshall Is., Nauru, New Caledonia, New Guinea, Niue, Philippines, Pitcairn Is., Samoa, Society Is., Solomon Is., Tonga, Tuamotu, Tubuai Is., Vanuatu, Wallis-Futuna Is.) [133]
Grewia prunifolia A.Gray [134] Malvales Cook Is., Fiji, Marianas, New Caledonia, Niue, Samoa, Society Is., Tonga, Tuamotu, Tubuai Is., Vanuatu, Wallis-Futuna Is. [134]
Gynochthodes myrtifolia (synonym: Morinda umbellata var. glandulosa(Merr.) Fosberg) [135] Gentianales G. myrtifolia: western and southern Pacific (Caroline Is., Cook Is., Fiji, Marianas, Marquesas, New Caledonia, Niue, Pitcairn Is., Samoa, Society Is., Tonga, Tuamotu, Tubuai Is., Vanuatu, Wallis-Futuna Is.) [135] Considered a rare plant on Guam by GPEPP (University of Guam) (listed as Morinda umbellata) [136]
Heliotropium anomalum Hook. & Arn. [137] Boraginales Caroline Is., Cook Is., Hawaii, Line Is., Marianas, New Caledonia, Niue, Pitcairn Is., Society Is., Tuamotu, Tubuai Is., Wake I. [137]
Geniostoma rupestre var. glaberrimum (Benth.) B.J.Conn [138] Måhlok håyu, Anasser [9] Gentianales Solomon Islands to western and southern Pacific (Caroline Is., Fiji, Marianas, New Caledonia, Niue, Pitcairn Is., Samoa, Santa Cruz Is., Society Is., Tonga, Tubuai Is., Vanuatu, Wallis-Futuna Is.) [138]
Solanum repandum G.Forst. [139] (synonym: Solanum mariannense) Solanales Bismarck Archipelago, Cook Is., Fiji, Marianas, Marquesas, Niue, Pitcairn Is., Society Is., Vanuatu [139] (Solanum mariannense previously reported to be endemic to Rota) [1]
Sphaeropteris lunulata (G.Forst.) R.M.Tryon(often listed as its synonym, Cyathea lunulata(G.Forst.) Copel. [140] Cyatheales Bismarck Archipelago to western Pacific (Bismarck Archipelago, Caroline Is., Fiji, Marianas, Samoa, Santa Cruz Is., Solomon Is., Sulawesi, Tonga, Vanuatu, Wallis-Futuna Is.) [141] Cyathea lunulata (synonymous name) is considered a rare plant on Guam by GPEPP (University of Guam) [142]
Cocos nuciferaL. [143] Niyok (coconut) Arecales Central Malesia to SW. Pacific (Bismarck Archipelago, Maluku, New Guinea, Philippines, Queensland, Samoa, Santa Cruz Is., Solomon Is., Tonga, Vanuatu) [143]
Bikkia tetrandra (L.f.) A.Rich. [144] Gausali [9] Gentianales New Guinea to western Pacific (Caroline Is., Fiji, Marianas, New Caledonia, New Guinea, Niue, Solomon Is., Tonga, Vanuatu, Wallis-Futuna Is.) [144]
Polyscias macgillivrayi (Benth.) Harms [145]

Synonym: Polyscias grandifolia

Pepega [9] Apiales New Guinea to western Pacific (Bismarck Archipelago, Caroline Is., Gilbert Is., Marianas, New Guinea, Queensland, Santa Cruz Is., Solomon Is.) [145]
Meiogyne cylindrocarpa (Burck) Heusden [146] Paipai [9] Magnoliales Malesia to Marianas and N. Australia (Borneo, Jawa, Marianas, New Guinea, Northern Territory, Philippines, Queensland, Vanuatu, Western Australia) [146]
Paratrophis pendulina (Endl.) E.M.Gardner [147] (synonym: Streblus pendulinus) [148] Rosales E. New Guinea to E. Australia and Pacific (Caroline Is., Fiji, Hawaii, Marianas, New Caledonia, New Guinea, New South Wales, Norfolk Is., Queensland, Tubuai Is., Vanuatu) [147]
Psydrax odoratus subsp. odoratus [149] Gentianales Caroline Is., Fiji, Hawaii, Marianas, Marquesas, New Caledonia, New Guinea, Pitcairn Is., Society Is., Tonga, Tuamotu, Tubuai Is., Vanuatu
Tristiropsis acutangula [150] [151]

(synonym, Tristiropsis obtusangula) [152]

Fai'a [9] Sapindales Bismarck Archipelago, Borneo, Caroline Is., Christmas I., Jawa, Lesser Sunda Is., Maluku, Marianas, New Guinea, Philippines, Queensland, Solomon Is., Sulawesi
Fagraea berteroana A.Gray ex Benth. [153] Gentianales Papuasia to Pacific (Bismarck Archipelago, Caroline Is., Cook Is., Fiji, Gilbert Is., Marianas, Marquesas, Nauru, New Caledonia, New Guinea, Niue, Queensland, Samoa, Society Is., Solomon Is., Tonga, Tubuai Is., Vanuatu, Wallis-Futuna Is.) [153]
Asplenium laserpitiifolium Lam. [154] Polypodiales Nansei-shoto to Malesia and Pacific (Bismarck Archipelago, Caroline Is., Fiji, Kazan-retto, Lesser Sunda Is., Maluku, Marianas, Marquesas, Nansei-shoto, New Caledonia, New Guinea, Niue, Ogasawara-shoto, Philippines, Queensland, Samoa, Society Is., Solomon Is., Sulawesi, Tonga, Tubuai Is., Vanuatu, Wallis-Futuna Is.) [154] Considered a rare plant on Guam by GPEPP (University of Guam)
Alyxia stellata (J.R.Forst. & G.Forst.) Roem. & Schult. [155] Gentianales Northeast Queensland to Pacific (Caroline Is., Cook Is., Fiji, Hawaii, Marianas, Marquesas, New Caledonia, Niue, Pitcairn Is., Queensland, Samoa, Society Is., Solomon Is., Tonga, Tuamotu, Tubuai Is., Vanuatu, Wallis-Futuna Is.) [155]
Pandanus tectorius Parkinson [156] Pandanales Philippines to Pacific and eastern Australia (Bismarck Archipelago, Caroline Is., Cocos (Keeling) Is., Cook Is., Fiji, Gilbert Is., Hawaii, Jawa, Lesser Sunda Is., Line Is., Maluku, Marianas, Marquesas, Marshall Is., Nauru, New Caledonia, New Guinea, New South Wales, Niue, Philippines, Pitcairn Is., Queensland, Samoa, Santa Cruz Is., Society Is., Solomon Is., Tokelau-Manihiki, Tonga, Tuamotu, Tubuai Is., Tuvalu, Vanuatu, Wake I., Wallis-Futuna Is.) [156]

Plants formerly considered or currently proposed to be endemic to the Mariana Islands

The following list includes select species or variants that have previously been considered endemic to the Mariana Islands, and may still be listed as such in certain publications, but are not considered to be valid species according to the Plants of the World Online database. Also included here are species that have more recently been proposed to be distinct species or subspecies, but have not yet been accepted.

Scientific name Chamorro name(s) Order Native Distribution Conservation status
Korthalsella species (unnamed species presented at Micronesia Terrestrial Conservation Conference) [157] Santalales
Zehneria guamensis (Merr.) Fosberg [158] Ahgaga [159] Cucurbitales Despite its species name, it is listed as native to China South-Central, China Southeast, Marianas, Nansei-shoto, Taiwan. [158] However, it is elsewhere described as a Marianas endemic. [160] [161] [162] Considered a rare plant on Guam by GPEPP (University of Guam) [159]
Carallia tulasnei Baill (unplaced name) [163] Malpighiales Marianas
Melanolepis multiglandulosa var. glabrata (Müll.Arg.) Fosberg [164] (synonym of the more widespread Melanolepis multiglandulosa(Reinw. ex Blume) Rchb. & Zoll.)Ålom [165] Malpighiales Melanolepis multiglandulosa var. glabrata (previously reported to be endemic to the Marianas [164] )

Melanolepis multiglandulosa (S. Indo-China to Nansei-shoto and NW. Pacific, including Marianas)

Ceratopteris gaudichaudii Brongn. (synonym of the pan-tropical Ceratopteris thalictroides (L.) Brongn.) [166] Polypodiales Ceratopteris gaudichaudii:

Ceratopteris thalictroides: pan-tropical/subtropical [167]

Cerbera dilatata Markgr. [168] (synonym of Cerbera odollamGaertn.) [169] Chiute [170] Gentianales Cerbera dilatata: previously listed as a Marianas endemic [71]

Cerbera odollam: South India to Pacific [169]

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<i>Ochrosia</i> Genus of plants

Ochrosia is a genus of flowering plants, first described in 1789. It is in the family Apocynaceae, native to Southeast Asia, Australia, and various islands of the Indian and Pacific Oceans.

  1. Ochrosia ackeringae(Teijsm. & Binn.) Miq. – Indonesia, Philippines, Papuasia, Christmas Island
  2. Ochrosia acuminataTrimen ex Valeton – Sulawesi
  3. Ochrosia alyxioidesGuillaumin – Vanuatu
  4. Ochrosia apoensisElmer – Luzon, Mindanao
  5. Ochrosia balansae(Guillaumin) Baill. ex Guillaumin – New Caledonia
  6. Ochrosia basistaminaHendrian – Sulawesi
  7. Ochrosia bodenheimarumGuillaumin – Vallée de la Toutouta in New Caledonia
  8. Ochrosia borbonicaJ.F.Gmel. – Mauritius + Réunion; naturalized in Guangdong
  9. Ochrosia brevitubaBoiteau – New Caledonia
  10. Ochrosia brownii(Fosberg & Sachet) Lorence & Butaud – Nuku Hiva in Marquesas
  11. Ochrosia citrodoraK.Schum. & Lauterb. – New Guinea
  12. Ochrosia coccinea(Teijsm. & Binn.) Miq. – Maluku, Sulawesi, New Guinea, Solomon Islands; naturalized in Guangdong
  13. Ochrosia comptaK.Schum., Hōlei – Hawaii
  14. Ochrosia ellipticaLabill. – Lord Howe Island, Queensland, New Caledonia, Vanuatu, Nauru; naturalized in Guangdong + Taiwan
  15. Ochrosia fatuhivensisFosberg & Sachet – Fatu Hiva in Marquesas but extinct
  16. Ochrosia ficifolia(S.Moore) Markgr. – New Guinea
  17. Ochrosia glomerata(Blume) F.Muell. – Borneo, Sulawesi, Philippines, Maluku, New Guinea, Solomon Islands
  18. Ochrosia grandifloraBoit. – New Caledonia
  19. Ochrosia haleakalaeH.St.John, Hōlei – Maui + island of Hawaiʻi in Hawaiian Islands
  20. Ochrosia hexandraKoidz. – Kazan-retto
  21. Ochrosia inventorumL.Allorge – New Caledonia
  22. Ochrosia iwasakiana(Koidz.) Koidz. ex Masam.
  23. Ochrosia kauaiensisH.St.John, Hōlei – Kauaʻi in Hawaiian Islands
  24. †Ochrosia kilaueaensisH.St.John, Hōlei – island of Hawaiʻi in Hawaiian Islands, but extinct
  25. Ochrosia kilneriF.Muell. – Queensland
  26. Ochrosia lifuanaGuillaumin – Loyalty Islands + Isle of Pines in New Caledonia
  27. Ochrosia mariannensisA.DC. – Mariana Islands
  28. Ochrosia mianaBaill. ex Guillaumin – New Caledonia
  29. Ochrosia minima(Markgr.) Fosberg & Boiteau – Queensland, Papua New Guinea
  30. Ochrosia moorei(F.Muell.) F.Muell. ex Benth. – Queensland, New South Wales
  31. Ochrosia mulsantiiMontrouz. – New Caledonia
  32. Ochrosia nakaiana(Koidz.) Koidz. ex H.Hara – Ogasawara-shoto
  33. Ochrosia newellianaF.M.Bailey – Queensland
  34. Ochrosia novocaledonicaDäniker – New Caledonia
  35. Ochrosia oppositifolia(Lam.) K.Schum. – Seychelles, Chagos Islands, Sri Lanka, Maldive Islands, Andaman & Nicobar Islands, Thailand, Vietnam, W Malaysia, Indonesia, Papuasia, Samoa, Tonga, Tuvalu, Vanuatu, Wallis & Futuna, French Polynesia, Line Islands, Micronesia
  36. Ochrosia poweriF.M.Bailey – Queensland, New South Wales
  37. Ochrosia sciadophyllaMarkgr – Bismarck Archipelago, Solomon Islands
  38. Ochrosia sevenetiiBoiteau – New Guinea
  39. Ochrosia silvaticaDäniker – New Caledonia
  40. Ochrosia solomonensis(Merr. & L.M.Perry) Fosberg & Boiteau – Solomon Islands
  41. Ochrosia syncarpaMarkgr. – Bali, Lombok, Timor, Flores
  42. Ochrosia tahitensisLaness. ex Pichon – Tahiti
  43. Ochrosia tenimberensisMarkgr. – Tanimbar Islands
  1. Ochrosia nukuhivensisFosberg & Sachet = Rauvolfia nukuhivensis(Fosberg & Sachet) Lorence & Butaud
  2. Ochrosia sandwicensisA.DC. = Rauvolfia sandwicensisA.DC.
  3. Ochrosia tuberculata(Vahl) Pichon = Rauvolfia sandwicensisA.DC.

Lepturopetium is a genus of Pacific Island plants in the grass family.

Hedyotis (starviolet) is a genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae. Many species of this genus such as Hedyotis biflora, H. corymbosa and H. diffusa are well known medicinal plants. Hedyotis is native to tropical and subtropical Asia and to islands of the northwest Pacific. It comprises about 115 species. The type species for the genus is Hedyotis fruticosa.

<i>Bikkia tetrandra</i> Species of plant

Bikkia tetrandra is an herbaceous member of the family Rubiaceae, distinguished by its white square-shaped flowers. It is native to Papuasia and islands of the western Pacific, including the Caroline Islands, Fiji, Mariana Islands, New Caledonia, New Guinea, Niue, Solomon Islands, Tonga, Vanuatu, and Wallis-Futuna Islands. The stems ignite easily and can be used to make torches or candles.

<i>Eugenia palumbis</i> Species of flowering plant

Eugenia palumbis is a shrub with edible fruits in the family Myrtaceae. It is endemic to the Mariana Islands, including Guam and the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands.

<i>Elaeocarpus joga</i> Species of plant

Elaeocarpus joga is a species of tree in the family Elaeocarpaceae. It is native to the Mariana Islands and Palau. It is a moderately-sized tree with blue-coloured, round, 1.5cm diameter fruit and leaves which turn bright red before they senescence.

<i>Gymnosporia thompsonii</i> Species of flowering plant

Gymnosporia thompsonii is a species of plant in the bittersweet family Celastraceae. It is endemic to the Mariana and Caroline Islands, where it grows as a many-stemmed understory shrub or small tree in karst forests. Its wood is used for fuel and its leaves are used medicinally.

Callicarpa candicans is a species of flowering plant in the mint family. It is native Indochina, southern China, Malesia, New Guinea, northern Australia, and Micronesia.

Discocalyx is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Primulaceae.

Psychotria whistleri, the Rarotonga psychotria, is a herbaceous plant, a member of the Rubiaceae family.

<i>Syzygium thompsonii</i> Plant of the Marianas islands

Syzygium thompsonii is an endemic tree of the Mariana Islands of Guam, Rota, and Saipan with a striking appearance due to its abundance of white flowers and edible fruit that grow directly from the trunk. It is related to the Malay apple but bears smaller tart fruit.

<i>Piper salicinum</i> Species of plant

Piper salicinum is a plant in the Piperaceae family that is possibly endemic to the Mariana Islands (Guam), although there is some confusion in the literature as to whether it may have been collected from Mexico and Panama. It has not been observed since its initial collection in 1792.

<i>Callicarpa lamii</i> Plant in the mint family

Callicarpa lamii is a plant in the mint family that is endemic to the Mariana Islands. It is one of two Callicarpa plants endemic to the Mariana Islands, the other being Callicarpa candicans var. paucinervia.

<i>Rhaphidophora guamensis</i> Climbing plant

Rhaphidophora guamensis is a climbing plant in the family Araceae that is endemic to the island of Guam in the Mariana Islands.

Psychotria hombroniana is shrub or tree in the family Rubiaceae that is endemic to the Caroline and Mariana Islands in the northwest Pacific Ocean.

Aidia racemosa is a tree in the Rubiaceae family, native from Thailand west to the Pacific islands and south to Australia.

<i>Leptecophylla mariannensis</i> Species of flowering plants

Leptecophylla mariannensis is a plant in the Ericaceae family and is only known to exist on the tiny island of Alamagan in the Mariana archipelago.

<i>Hedyotis scabridifolia</i> Herb or small shrub

Hedyotis scabridifolia is an herb or small shrub that is endemic to the volcanic soils of the Mariana Islands of Guam, Rota and Saipan.

References

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