List of endemic plants in the Mariana Islands

Last updated

Micronesia is a biodiversity hotspot with an exceptionally high richness of endemic plant species, 10 times higher than that of Hawaii. [1] The Mariana Islands form an archipelago in the northwest of the Micronesian region.

Contents

In 2012, Craig M. Costion and David H. Lorence compiled a list of Micronesian endemic plants, and assessed that the Mariana Islands had 22 endemic plant species (16 species in the southern Mariana Islands, of which 11 were isolated to Guam, and 5 species in the northern Mariana Islands). They concluded that there was an approximately 3% rate of endemism in the Mariana Islands (endemic species per km2), which is comparable to the rates in Hawaii (4%) and Tonga (2%) but lower than the 14% rate of endemism among all Micronesian islands. [1] However, the number of known Marianas endemics has greatly expanded since then with new discoveries, taxonomic revisions, and improvements in digitized databases.

Plants endemic to the Mariana Islands

The following list includes plants that have an endemic range only within the Mariana Islands. "Mariana Islands" is defined in accordance with the World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions (WGSRPD), level 3 code "MRN," and includes the following geopolitical territories:

Only species, subspecies, varieties, and forms that are recognized as "accepted" by the Plants of the World Online database are included in this list; synonyms are not include. Some synonyms are listed next to the accepted name if they are still in common use in recent botanical literature. Subspecies are abbreviated "subs.," varieties "var.," and forms "f." after the species name.

The following list of Marianas endemic plants was compiled based on a list generated by Plants of the World Online in May 2023. This list may not be complete and may not reflect recent changes in taxonomy. An updated list of accepted species for a geographic area can be generated on the Plants of the World Online. [2]

Plants are listed in order by approximate size of their native range, beginning with those with the most restricted native ranges.

Image Scientific name Chamorro name(s) Order Native distribution Conservation status
Terminalia rostrata holotype specimen, Asuncion, 1972.png
Terminalia rostrata Fosberg & Falanruw [3] Myrtales Asuncion [3]
Leptecophylla mariannensis specimen, 1934 Hosokawa.png
Leptecophylla mariannensis (Kaneh.) C.M.Weiller [4] Ericales Alamagan [4]
Psychotria hombroniana (Baill.) Fosberg [5]
  • Psychotria hombroniana var. mariannensis(Kaneh.) Fosberg [6]
  • Psychotria hombroniana var. ladronica(Hosok.) Fosberg [7]
  • Psychotria hombroniana var. hombroniana [8]
Aplokating-palaoan [9] Rubiales Psychotria hombroniana: Marianas, Caroline Islands [5]
  • var. mariannensis: Alamagan [6]
  • var. ladronica(Hosok.) Fosberg: Rota [7]
  • var. hombroniana: Marianas
Osmoxylon mariannense habit.jpg
Osmoxylon mariannense (Kaneh.) Fosberg & Sachet [10] No known common name [11] Apiales Rota [10] Critically endangered (IUCN) [12] Endangered (USFWS) [11]
Nesogenes rotensis 1-26-2024.jpg
Nesogenes rotensis Fosberg & D.R.Herbst [13] No known common name [14] Lamiales Rota [13] Endangered (USFWS) [11]
Derris mariannensis Hosok. [15] Fabales Rota [15]
Psychotria rotensis Kaneh. [16]
  • Psychotria rotensis var. rotensis [17]
Gentianales Psychotria rotensis: Marianas, Caroline Islands [16]
  • Psychotria rotensis var. rotensis: Rota [17]
Psychotria rotensis is considered a rare plant on Guam by GPEPP (University of Guam) [18]
Croton saipanensis Hosok. [19] Euphorbiales Saipan [19]
Mucuna pacifica Hosok. [20] Fabales Saipan [20]
Phreatia ladronica Tuyama [21] Asparagales Saipan [21]
Hedyotis scabridifolia, var. stonei collected from southern Guam by Fosberg, 1980.png
Hedyotis scabridifolia Kaneh. [22]
  • Hedyotis scabridifolia var. scabridifolia [23]
  • Hedyotis scabridifolia var. stoneiFosberg [24]
Gentianales Hedyotis scabridifolia:Marianas [22]
  • var. scabridifolia: Saipan [23]
  • var. stonei: Rota, Guam
Pogostemon guamensis Lorence & W.L.Wagner [25] No known common name Lamiales Guam (northern limestone cliff faces) [25] [26] Critically endangered (preliminarily) [26]
Tinospora homosepala, Guam Plant Extinction Prevention Program (GPEPP).jpg
Tinospora homosepala Diels [27] No known common name [14] Ranunculales Guam [27] Endangered (USFWS) [14]
Hedyotis megalantha 5 (15394666975).jpg
Hedyotis megalantha Merr. [28] Paudedo [14] Gentianales Guam [28] Endangered (USFWS) [14]
Eugenia bryanii photo courtesy of Laura Gutierrez (15394666215).jpg
Eugenia bryanii Kaneh. [29] No known common name [14] Myrtales Guam [29] Endangered (USFWS) [14]
Psychotria malaspinae Merr. [30] Aplokating-palaoan [14] Gentianales Guam [30] Endangered (USFWS) [14]
Elatostema divaricatum (Gaudich.) Fosberg [31] Rosales Guam [31]
Elatostema stenophyllum Merr. [32] Rosales Guam [32]
Dianella saffordiana Fosberg & Sachet [33] Asparagales Guam [33]
Potamogeton marianensis Cham. & Schltdl. [34] Alismatales Guam [34]
Psychotria andersonii Fosberg [35] Gentianales Guam [35]
Digitaria gaudichaudii (Kunth) Henrard [36] Poales Guam [36]
Schleinitzia fosbergii leaves, Yigo, Guam.jpg
Schleinitzia fosbergii Nevling & Niezgoda [37] Fabales Guam [37]
Allophylus holophyllus Radlk. [38] Ericales Guam [38]
Raphidophora guamensis.jpg
Rhaphidophora guamensis P.C.Boyce [39] Araceae Guam [39]
Timonius nitidus (Bartl. ex DC.) Fern.-Vill. [40] Gentianales Guam [40]
Syzygium guamense Byng [41] Myrtales Guam [41]
B raulersoniae flower (cropped).jpg
Bulbophyllum raulersoniae Deloso, Paulino & Cootes [42] Asparagales Guam [42] Proposed by Deloso et al. to be listed as endangered [43]
Crepidium alamaganense (S.Kobay.) T.Yukawa [44]

(synonym: Malaxis alamaganensis)

 Asparagales Northern Marianas [44]
Peperomia mariannensis C.DC. [45]
  • Peperomia mariannensis f. saipana(C.DC.) Fosberg [46]
Piperales Peperomia mariannensis: Marianas, Caroline Islands (Palau) [45]
  • f. saipana(C.DC.) Fosberg: Saipan, Tinian
Dendrobium oblongimentum Hosok. & Fukuy. [47] Asparagales Guam (northern), Rota [47]
Guam fire tree.jpg
Serianthes nelsonii Merr. [48] Håyun lågu (Guam)

Trongkon guåfi (Rota) [14]

Fabales Guam, Rota [48] Endangered (USFWS) [11]
Bulbophyllum guamense Rota 2 (15394346772).jpg
Bulbophyllum guamense Ames [49] Siboyas hålom tåno [14] Asparagales Guam, Rota [49] Threatened (USFWS) [14]
Thelypteris gretheri (W.H.Wagner) B.C.Stone [50]

(synonym: Cyclosorus gretheri)

 Polypodiales Guam, Rota [50]
Thelypteris guamensis (Holttum) Fosberg & Sachet [51] (synonym: Cyclosorus guamensis) Polypodiales Guam, Rota [51]
Tabernaemontana rotensis C.L. Harrington USFWS (21786239746).jpg
Tabernaemontana rotensis (Kaneh.) B.C.Stone [52] (considered by POWO to be a synonym of the more widespread Tabernaemontana pandacaqui [53] although it was determined by USFWS, using genetic analysis, to be a distinct species. [54] No known common name [14] Gentianales Guam, Rota [54] Threatened (USFWS) (Tabernaemontana rotensis) [14]
Syzygium thompsonii emergent leaves, Guam.jpg
Syzygium thompsonii [55] Atoto [9] Myrtales Guam, Rota, Saipan [55]
Solanum guamense Merr. [56] Berenghenas halomtano [14] Solanales Marianas [56] Endangered (USFWS) [14]
Phyllanthus saffordii A. Gawel USFWS (21821892631).jpg
Phyllanthus saffordii Merr. [57] No known common name [57] Malpighiales Marianas [57] Endangered (USFWS) [14]
Hedyotis laciniata Kaneh. [58] Gentianales Marianas [58] Considered a rare plant on Guam by GPEPP (University of Guam) [59]
Claoxylon marianum Müll.Arg. [60] Katot [9] Malpighiales Marianas [60] Considered a rare plant on Guam by GPEPP (University of Guam) [61]
Nervilia jacksoniae Rinehart & Fosberg [62] No known common name [14] Asparagales Marianas [62] Threatened (USFWS) [11]
Maesa walkeri Rota 4 (15207999100).jpg
Maesa walkeri Fosberg & Sachet [63] No known common name [14] Ericales Marianas [63] Threatened (USFWS) [11]
Dendrobium guamense - cropped.jpg
Dendrobium guamense Ames [64] No known common name [14] Asparagales Marianas [64] Threatened (USFWS) [14]
Trachoma guamense (Ames) Garay (synonym: Tuberolabium guamense) [65] No known common name [14] Asparagales Marianas [65] Threatened (USFWS) [14]
Canavalia megalantha Merr. [66] Fabales Marianas [66]
Dischidia puberula Decne. [67] Gentianales Marianas [67]
Jasminum marianum leaves, Dededo, Guam.jpg
Jasminum marianum DC. [68] Banago [9] Lamiales Marianas [68]
Mature fruits of Eugenia palumbis, Dededo, Guam.jpg
Eugenia palumbis Merr. [69] Agatelang [9] Myrtales Marianas [69]
Drypetes dolichocarpa leaf.jpg
Drypetes dolichocarpa Kaneh. [70] (synonym: Drypetes rotensis)Mwelel [71] Malpighiales Marianas [70]
Macaranga thompsonii Merr. [72] Pengua [9] Malpighiales Marianas [72]
Camp Shutterbug 2011 prize winner (6131389328).jpg
Ochrosia mariannensis A.DC. [73]
  • Ochrosia mariannensis var. mariannensis [74]
  • Ochrosia mariannensis var. crassicarpa Fosberg & Falanruw [75]
Langiti [76] Gentianales Marianas [73]
  • var. mariannensis (Marianas) [74]
  • var. crassicarpa (Saipan) [75]
Discocalyx megacarpa.jpg
Discocalyx megacarpa Merr. [77] Otot [9] Ericales Marianas [77]
Discocalyx ladronica Mez [78] Ericales Marianas [78]
Piper guahamense fruit - Lost Pond, Dededo, Guam.jpg
Piper guahamense C.DC. [79] Pupúlu aniti [9] Piperales Marianas [79]
Piper salicinum Opiz [80] Piperales Marianas [80]
Ischaemum longisetum Merr. [81] Poales Marianas [81]
Cyrtandra agrihanensis Ohba [2] Lamiales Marianas [2]
Premna mariannarum Schauer [82] Lamiales Marianas [82]
Premna paulobarbata H.J.Lam [83] Lamiales Marianas [83]
Corchorus tiniannensis Hosok. [84] Malvales Marianas [84]
Grammatophyllum schmidtianum Schltr. [85] Asparagales Marianas [85]
Bikkia longicarpa Valeton [86] Gentianales Marianas [86]
Allophylus laetus Radlk. [87] Sapindales Marianas [87]
Tarenna sambucina (Forst.f.) T.Durand (AM AK28235).jpg
Tarenna sambucina var. glabra(Merr.) Fosberg & Sachet [88] Gentianales Marianas [88]
Callicarpa lamii flower panicle, Talofofo, Guam.jpg
Callicarpa lamii Hosok. [89] Lamiales Marianas [89] (Guam, Rota, Aguiguan, Tinian, Saipan, Alamagan, Pagan, Agrihan)
Callicarpa candicans var. paucinervia(Merr.) Fosberg [90] Hamlag [9] Lamiales Marianas [90]

Plants endemic to the Pacific islands, including the Mariana Islands

The following list includes plants that are native to the Marianas but have a broader native range in Micronesia or the Pacific islands. Plants with native ranges into the Asian continent are not included.

Only species or subspecies that are recognized as "accepted" by the Plants of the World Online database are included in this list (synonyms are not include). Some synonyms are listed with the accepted name if they are still in common use in recent botanical literature. This list is not complete and may not reflect recent changes in taxonomy. An updated and complete list can be generated on the Plants of the World Online. [2]

Plants are listed roughly in order by size of their native range, beginning with plants with the most restricted native ranges.

Image Scientific name Chamorro name(s) Order Native Distribution Conservation status
Phreatia thompsonii Ames [91] Asparagales Guam, Pohnape [91]
Meryta senfftiana Volkens [92] Apiales Saipan to Caroline Islands [92]
Phyllanthus marianus leaves. Dededo, Guam.jpg
Phyllanthus marianus Müll.Arg. [93] Gaogao uchan [9] Malpighiales Marianas to Caroline Islands (Ulithi) [93]
Psychotria mariana (4797228371).jpg
Psychotria mariana Bartl. ex DC. [94] Aplokating [9] Gentianales Marianas to Caroline Islands (Fais) [94]
Ixora triantha leaves and maturing fruit. Dededo, Guam.jpg
Ixora triantha Volkens [95] Guaguat [96] Gentianales Marianas, Caroline Islands (Yap) [95]
Elaeocarpus joga flowers.jpg
Elaeocarpus joga Merr. [97] Yoga [9] Oxalidales Marianas, Caroline Islands (Palau) [97]
Zeuxine fritzii Schltr. [98] Asparagales Marianas, Caroline Islands (Palau) [98]
Zeuxine ovata (Gaudich.) Garay & W.Kittr. [99] Asparagales Marianas, Caroline Islands (Palau) [99]
Artocarpus mariannensis leaf.jpg
Artocarpus mariannensis Trécul [100] Dugdug [9] Rosales Marianas to Caroline Islands (Palau) [100]
Heritiera longipetiolata (2).jpg
Heritiera longipetiolata Kaneh. [101] Ufa hålom tåno' [14] Malvales Marianas to Caroline Islands (Pohnpei) [101] Endangered (USFWS) [14]
Chosgu.jpg
Glochidion marianum Müll.Arg. [102] (synonym: Phyllanthus mariannensis; [103] WFO recognizes Phyllanthus mariannensis as an accepted species. [104] )Chosgu [105] Malpighiales Glochidion marianum: Guam and Caroline Islands [103]

Phyllanthus mariannensis: Guam [104]

Taeniophyllum marianense 40525779.jpg
Taeniophyllum marianense Schltr. [106] Asparagales Marianas, Caroline Islands [106]
Hedyotis fruticulosa (Volkens) Merr. [107] Gentianales Marianas, Caroline Islands [107]
Ficus-microcarpa-SF24264-03.jpg
Ficus microcarpa var. saffordii(Merr.) Corner [108] Rosales Marianas, Caroline Islands [108]
Tephrosia mariana DC. [109] Fabales Marianas, Caroline Islands [109]
Sporobolus farinosus Hosok. [110] Poales Marianas, Caroline Islands [110]
Coelogyne guamensis Ames [111] Asparagales Marianas, Caroline Islands [111]
Thelypteris maemonensis (W.H.Wagner & Grether) B.C.Stone [112] (synonym: Cyclosorus maemonensis) Polypodiales Marianas, Caroline Islands [112]
Elatostema calcareum stem and leaves. Lost Pond, Dededo, Guam.jpg
Elatostema calcareum Merr. [113] Tupun ayuyu [114] Rosales Marianas, Caroline Islands [113]
Xylosma nelsonii Merr. [115] Malpighialies Marianas, Caroline Islands [115]
Gymnosporia thompsonii flower and fruits, Dededo, Guam.png
Gymnosporia thompsonii Merr. [116] (synonym: Maytenus thompsonii)Luluhot [9] Celastrales Marianas to Caroline Islands [116]
Aglaia mariannensis.jpg
Aglaia mariannensis Merr. [117] Mapuñao [9] Sapindales Marianas to Caroline Islands [117]
Melastoma malabathricum 05561.JPG
Melastoma malabathricum var. mariannum(Naudin) Fosberg & Sachet [118] Gafao [9] Myrtales Marianas, Caroline Islands [118]
Sphaeropteris aramaganensis (Kaneh.) R.M.Tryon [119] Cyatheales South Kazan-retto to Marianas [119]
Digitaria mezii Kaneh. [120] Poales Marianas, New Guinea [120]
Female reproductive structures.jpg
Cycas micronesica K.D.Hill [121] Fadang [14] Cycadales Marianas, Caroline Islands, Marshall Islands) [121] Endangered (IUCN); Threatened (USFWS) [14]
Melochia villosissima Guam.jpg
Melochia villosissima (C.Presl) Merr. [122] Sayåfii [123] Malvales Kazan-retto (Minami-Iōtō) to northwestern Pacific (Caroline Is., Marianas) [122]
Myoporum boninense Koidz. [124] Lamiales Ogasawara-shoto, Marianas, New South Wales
Ixora casei1.JPG
Ixora casei Hance [125] Gentianales Northwest Pacific to Gilbert Islands (Caroline Is., Gilbert Is., Marianas, Marshall Is.) [125]
Dendrocnide latifolia (Gaudich.) Chew [126] Rosales Solomon Islands to W. Pacific (Caroline Is., Marianas, New Caledonia, Solomon Is., Vanuatu) [126]
Freycinetia reineckei Warb. [127] Fianiti [123] Pandanales Western Pacific (Caroline Is., Marianas, Samoa, Vanuatu) [127]
Myrtella bennigseniana (Volkens) Diels [128] Myrtales Marianas, Caroline Is., New Guinea [128]
Hernandia labyrinthica.jpg
Hernandia labyrinthica Tuyama [129] Laurales Marianas, New Guinea, Solomon Is. [129]
Medinilla medinillana (Gaudich.) Fosberg & Sachet [130] Myrtales Sulawesi, Maluku New Guinea, and Marianas [130]
Leptopetalum foetidum (G.Forst.) Neupane & N.Wikstr. [131] Gentianales Cook Is., Fiji, Marianas, New Caledonia, Niue, Samoa, Tonga, Tubuai Is., Vanuatu [131]
New Guinea teak (Vitex cofassus) leaves.jpg
Vitex cofassus Reinw. ex Blume Lamiaceae Bismarck Archipelago, Caroline Is., Maluku, Marianas, New Guinea, Solomon Is., Sulawesi [132]
Ficus prolixa interwoven canopy. 1000 Steps hiking trail, Pagat, Guam.jpg
Ficus prolixaG.Forst.Nunu Moraceae Caroline Is., Cook Is., Fiji, Gilbert Is., Line Is., Marianas, Marquesas, Nauru, New Caledonia, Niue, Pitcairn Is., Samoa, Society Is., Tonga, Tuamotu, Tubuai Is., Tuvalu, Vanuatu, Wallis-Futuna Is. [133]
Eugenia-reinwardtiana-SF24257-01.jpg
Eugenia reinwardtiana (Blume) DC. [134] A'abang Myrtales Jawa (Kangean Island) to Pacific (Borneo, Caroline Is., Cook Is., Fiji, Hawaii, Jawa, Lesser Sunda Is., Maluku, Marianas, Marquesas, New Guinea, Niue, Pitcairn Is., Queensland, Samoa, Society Is., Tonga, Tuamotu, Tubuai Is., Vanuatu, Western Australia) [134]
Merrilliodendron megacarpum (Hemsl.) Sleumer [135] Icacinales Philippines to W. Pacific (Bismarck Archipelago, Caroline Is., Marianas, New Guinea, Philippines, Santa Cruz Is., Solomon Is., Sulawesi, Vanuatu) [135]
Capparis spinosa-IMG 3417.jpg
Capparis spinosa subsp. cordifolia(Lam.) Fici [136]

(synonym: Capparis mariana)

 Brassicales Central Malesia to western and southern Pacific (Caroline Is., Cook Is., Fiji, Lesser Sunda Is., Marianas, Marshall Is., Nauru, New Caledonia, New Guinea, Niue, Philippines, Pitcairn Is., Samoa, Society Is., Solomon Is., Tonga, Tuamotu, Tubuai Is., Vanuatu, Wallis-Futuna Is.) [136]
Grewia crenata (J. R. and G. Forst.) Schinz and Guill. (AM AK74532-2).jpg
Grewia prunifolia A.Gray [137] Malvales Cook Is., Fiji, Marianas, New Caledonia, Niue, Samoa, Society Is., Tonga, Tuamotu, Tubuai Is., Vanuatu, Wallis-Futuna Is. [137]
Morinda myrtifolia A.Gray (AM AK77862).jpg
Gynochthodes myrtifolia (synonym: Morinda umbellata var. glandulosa(Merr.) Fosberg) [138] Gentianales G. myrtifolia: western and southern Pacific (Caroline Is., Cook Is., Fiji, Marianas, Marquesas, New Caledonia, Niue, Pitcairn Is., Samoa, Society Is., Tonga, Tuamotu, Tubuai Is., Vanuatu, Wallis-Futuna Is.) [138] Considered a rare plant on Guam by GPEPP (University of Guam) (listed as Morinda umbellata) [139]
Starr 040117-0061 Heliotropium anomalum var. argenteum.jpg
Heliotropium anomalum Hook. & Arn. [140] Boraginales Caroline Is., Cook Is., Hawaii, Line Is., Marianas, New Caledonia, Niue, Pitcairn Is., Society Is., Tuamotu, Tubuai Is., Wake I. [140]
Geniostoma rupestre var. glaberrimum (Benth.) B.J.Conn [141] Måhlok håyu, Anasser [9] Gentianales Solomon Islands to western and southern Pacific (Caroline Is., Fiji, Marianas, New Caledonia, Niue, Pitcairn Is., Samoa, Santa Cruz Is., Society Is., Tonga, Tubuai Is., Vanuatu, Wallis-Futuna Is.) [141]
Solanum repandum Forst.f. (AM AK93697).jpg
Solanum repandum G.Forst. [142] (synonym: Solanum mariannense) Solanales Bismarck Archipelago, Cook Is., Fiji, Marianas, Marquesas, Niue, Pitcairn Is., Society Is., Vanuatu [142] (Solanum mariannense previously reported to be endemic to Rota) [1]
Sphaeropteris lunulata (G.Forst.) R.M.Tryon(often listed as its synonym, Cyathea lunulata(G.Forst.) Copel. [143] Cyatheales Bismarck Archipelago to western Pacific (Bismarck Archipelago, Caroline Is., Fiji, Marianas, Samoa, Santa Cruz Is., Solomon Is., Sulawesi, Tonga, Vanuatu, Wallis-Futuna Is.) [144] Cyathea lunulata (synonymous name) is considered a rare plant on Guam by GPEPP (University of Guam) [145]
Cocos nucifera tree.loki.jpg
Cocos nucifera L. [146] Niyok (coconut) Arecales Central Malesia to SW. Pacific (Bismarck Archipelago, Maluku, New Guinea, Philippines, Queensland, Samoa, Santa Cruz Is., Solomon Is., Tonga, Vanuatu) [146]
Bikkia tetrandra.jpg
Bikkia tetrandra (L.f.) A.Rich. [147] Gausali [9] Gentianales New Guinea to western Pacific (Caroline Is., Fiji, Marianas, New Caledonia, New Guinea, Niue, Solomon Is., Tonga, Vanuatu, Wallis-Futuna Is.) [147]
Polyscias macgillivrayi (Benth.) Harms [148]

Synonym: Polyscias grandifolia

Pepega [9] Apiales New Guinea to western Pacific (Bismarck Archipelago, Caroline Is., Gilbert Is., Marianas, New Guinea, Queensland, Santa Cruz Is., Solomon Is.) [148]
Meiogyne-cylindrocarpa-SF24264-01.jpg
Meiogyne cylindrocarpa (Burck) Heusden [149] Paipai [9] Magnoliales Malesia to Marianas and N. Australia (Borneo, Jawa, Marianas, New Guinea, Northern Territory, Philippines, Queensland, Vanuatu, Western Australia) [149]
Starr 051029-5102 Streblus pendulinus.jpg
Paratrophis pendulina (Endl.) E.M.Gardner [150] (synonym: Streblus pendulinus) [151] Rosales E. New Guinea to E. Australia and Pacific (Caroline Is., Fiji, Hawaii, Marianas, New Caledonia, New Guinea, New South Wales, Norfolk Is., Queensland, Tubuai Is., Vanuatu) [150]
Starr 080812-9655 Psydrax odorata.jpg
Psydrax odoratus subsp. odoratus [152] Gentianales Caroline Is., Fiji, Hawaii, Marianas, Marquesas, New Caledonia, New Guinea, Pitcairn Is., Society Is., Tonga, Tuamotu, Tubuai Is., Vanuatu [153]
Schoenus maschalinus Roth ex Roem. and Schult. (AM AK292849-2).jpg
Schoenus maschalinus Roem. & Schult. Cyperaceae Chatham Is., Marianas, New Guinea, New South Wales, New Zealand North, New Zealand South, Philippines, Queensland, South Australia, Sumatera, Tasmania, Victoria [154]
Tristiropsis acutangula [155] [156]

(synonym, Tristiropsis obtusangula) [157]

Fai'a [9] Sapindales Bismarck Archipelago, Borneo, Caroline Is., Christmas I., Jawa, Lesser Sunda Is., Maluku, Marianas, New Guinea, Philippines, Queensland, Solomon Is., Sulawesi [158]
Trichomanes atrovirens (C.Presl) Kunze Hymenophyllaceae Bismarck Archipelago, Caroline Is., Maluku, Nansei-shoto, New Guinea, New South Wales, Norfolk Is., Philippines, Queensland, Santa Cruz Is., Solomon Is., Sulawesi, Vanuatu [159]
Starr 070618-7366 Fagraea berteroana.jpg
Fagraea berteroana A.Gray ex Benth. [160] Gentianales Papuasia to Pacific (Bismarck Archipelago, Caroline Is., Cook Is., Fiji, Gilbert Is., Marianas, Marquesas, Nauru, New Caledonia, New Guinea, Niue, Queensland, Samoa, Society Is., Solomon Is., Tonga, Tubuai Is., Vanuatu, Wallis-Futuna Is.) [160]
Asplenium laserpitiifolium 55059032.jpg
Asplenium laserpitiifolium Lam. [161] Polypodiales Nansei-shoto to Malesia and Pacific (Bismarck Archipelago, Caroline Is., Fiji, Kazan-retto, Lesser Sunda Is., Maluku, Marianas, Marquesas, Nansei-shoto, New Caledonia, New Guinea, Niue, Ogasawara-shoto, Philippines, Queensland, Samoa, Society Is., Solomon Is., Sulawesi, Tonga, Tubuai Is., Vanuatu, Wallis-Futuna Is.) [161] Considered a rare plant on Guam by GPEPP (University of Guam)
Alyxia stellata (5209388775).jpg
Alyxia stellata (J.R.Forst. & G.Forst.) Roem. & Schult. [162] Gentianales Northeast Queensland to Pacific (Caroline Is., Cook Is., Fiji, Hawaii, Marianas, Marquesas, New Caledonia, Niue, Pitcairn Is., Queensland, Samoa, Society Is., Solomon Is., Tonga, Tuamotu, Tubuai Is., Vanuatu, Wallis-Futuna Is.) [162]
Pandanus tectorius.jpg
Pandanus tectorius Parkinson [163] Pandanales Philippines to Pacific and eastern Australia (Bismarck Archipelago, Caroline Is., Cocos (Keeling) Is., Cook Is., Fiji, Gilbert Is., Hawaii, Jawa, Lesser Sunda Is., Line Is., Maluku, Marianas, Marquesas, Marshall Is., Nauru, New Caledonia, New Guinea, New South Wales, Niue, Philippines, Pitcairn Is., Queensland, Samoa, Santa Cruz Is., Society Is., Solomon Is., Tokelau-Manihiki, Tonga, Tuamotu, Tubuai Is., Tuvalu, Vanuatu, Wake I., Wallis-Futuna Is.) [163]

Plants formerly considered or currently proposed to be endemic to the Mariana Islands

The following list includes select species or variants that have previously been considered endemic to the Mariana Islands, and may still be listed as such in certain publications, but are not considered to be valid species according to the Plants of the World Online database. Also included here are species that have more recently been proposed to be distinct species or subspecies, but have not yet been accepted.

Scientific name Chamorro name(s) Order Native Distribution Conservation status
Korthalsella species (unnamed species presented at Micronesia Terrestrial Conservation Conference) [164] Santalales
Zehneria guamensis (Merr.) Fosberg [165] Ahgaga [166] Cucurbitales Despite its species name, it is listed as native to China South-Central, China Southeast, Marianas, Nansei-shoto, Taiwan. [165] However, it is elsewhere described as a Marianas endemic. [167] [168] [169] Considered a rare plant on Guam by GPEPP (University of Guam) [166]
Carallia tulasnei Baill (unplaced name) [170] Malpighiales Marianas
Melanolepis multiglandulosa var. glabrata (Müll.Arg.) Fosberg [171] (now considered a synonym of the more widespread Melanolepis multiglandulosa(Reinw. ex Blume) Rchb. & Zoll.)Ålom [172] Malpighiales Melanolepis multiglandulosa var. glabrata (previously reported to be endemic to the Marianas [171] )

Melanolepis multiglandulosa (S. Indo-China to Nansei-shoto and NW. Pacific, including Marianas)

Ceratopteris gaudichaudii Brongn. (now considered a synonym of the pan-tropical Ceratopteris thalictroides (L.) Brongn.) [173] Polypodiales Ceratopteris gaudichaudii:

Ceratopteris thalictroides: pan-tropical/subtropical [174]

Cerbera dilatata Markgr. [175] (now considered a synonym of Cerbera odollamGaertn.) [176] Chiute [177] Gentianales Cerbera dilatata: previously listed as a Marianas endemic [71]

Cerbera odollam: South India to Pacific [176]

See also

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Caroline Islands</span> Archipelago in the western Pacific Ocean, part of Micronesia and Palau

The Caroline Islands are a widely scattered archipelago of tiny islands in the western Pacific Ocean, to the north of New Guinea. Politically, they are divided between the Federated States of Micronesia (FSM) in the central and eastern parts of the group, and Palau at the extreme western end. Historically, this area was also called Nuevas Filipinas or New Philippines, because they were part of the Spanish East Indies and were governed from Manila in the Philippines.

<i>Parkia</i> Genus of plants

Parkia is a genus of flowering plants in the family Fabaceae. It belongs to the mimosoid clade of the subfamily Caesalpinioideae. Several species are known as African locust bean.

<i>Geniostoma</i> Genus of plants

Geniostoma is a genus of around 49 species of flowering plants in the family Loganiaceae. They are shrubs or small trees, with inflorescences borne in the axils of the simple, petiolate, oppositely-arranged leaves. The flowers are arranged in cymes, and each is pentamerous.

<i>Ochrosia</i> Genus of plants

Ochrosia is a genus of flowering plants, first described in 1789. It is in the family Apocynaceae, native to Southeast Asia, Australia, and various islands of the Indian and Pacific Oceans.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ryōzō Kanehira</span> Japanese botanist (1882–1948)

Ryōzō Kanehira was a Japanese botanist. Kanehira undertook botanical expeditions into Taiwan, Peru, Palau, Kiribati, the Northern Mariana Islands, the Federated States of Micronesia, the Philippines, and Papua New Guinea as well as describing the flora of Japan. His main collection and types are held at the herbarium of Kyushu University, with duplicate specimens distributed to A, B, BO, BISH, FU, GH, K, L, LA, NY, P, PNH, TI, US, and Z.

Hedyotis (starviolet) is a genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae. Many species of this genus such as Hedyotis biflora, H. corymbosa and H. diffusa are well known medicinal plants. Hedyotis is native to tropical and subtropical Asia and to islands of the northwest Pacific. It comprises about 115 species. The type species for the genus is Hedyotis fruticosa.

<i>Eugenia palumbis</i> Species of flowering plant

Eugenia palumbis is a shrub with edible fruits in the family Myrtaceae. It is endemic to the Mariana Islands, including Guam and the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands.

Callicarpa candicans is a species of flowering plant in the mint family. It is native Indochina, southern China, Malesia, New Guinea, northern Australia, and Micronesia.

Discocalyx is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Primulaceae.

Psychotria whistleri, the Rarotonga psychotria, is a herbaceous plant, a member of the Rubiaceae family.

<i>Syzygium thompsonii</i> Plant of the Marianas islands

Syzygium thompsonii is an endemic tree of the Mariana Islands of Guam, Rota, and Saipan with a striking appearance due to its abundance of white flowers and edible fruit that grow directly from the trunk. It is related to the Malay apple but bears smaller tart fruit.

<i>Melochia villosissima</i> Species of plant of the Pacific islands

Melochia villosissima, is a tree endemic to northwest Pacific Ocean islands, including South Iwo Jima and western Micronesian Islands. It is a small pioneer tree often found along roadsides and has a striking appearance due to its clusters of pink flowers.

<i>Callicarpa lamii</i> Species of plant in the mint family

Callicarpa lamii is a plant in the mint family that is endemic to the Mariana Islands. It is one of two Callicarpa plants endemic to the Mariana Islands, the other being Callicarpa candicans var. paucinervia.

<i>Rhaphidophora guamensis</i> Climbing plant

Rhaphidophora guamensis is a climbing plant in the family Araceae that is endemic to the island of Guam in the Mariana Islands.

Psychotria hombroniana is shrub or tree in the family Rubiaceae that is endemic to the Caroline and Mariana Islands in the northwest Pacific Ocean.

<i>Leptecophylla mariannensis</i> Species of flowering plants

Leptecophylla mariannensis is a plant in the Ericaceae family and is only known to exist on the tiny island of Alamagan in the Mariana archipelago.

<i>Hedyotis scabridifolia</i> Herb or small shrub

Hedyotis scabridifolia is an herb or small shrub that is endemic to the volcanic soils of the Mariana Islands of Guam, Rota and Saipan.

<i>Glochidion marianum</i> Species of plant

Glochidion marianum is a species of plant in the family Phyllanthaceae that is endemic to the islands of Guam and the Caroline Islands.

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