Elizabethkingia

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Elizabethkingia
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Domain: Bacteria
Phylum: Bacteroidota
Class: Flavobacteriia
Order: Flavobacteriales
Family: Weeksellaceae
Genus: Elizabethkingia
Kim et al., 2005
Species

Elizabethkingia is a genus of bacterium described in 2005, named after Elizabeth O. King, the discoverer of the type species. [1] Before this genus being formed in 2005, many of the species of Elizabethkingia were classified in the Chryseobacterium genus. [2] Elizabethkingia has been found in soil, rivers, and reservoirs worldwide. [3]

Contents

Classification

The genus includes four species:

Epidemiology

A 2014 study revealed that Elizabethkingia is an emerging bacterial pathogen for hospital environments, with its incidence in intensive care units rising since 2004. [10] About 5-10 cases of Elizabethkingia are reported per state in the United States every year. [3] A recent study showed that incidence rates for Elizabethkingia increased by 432.1% for 2016–2017 over the incidence for 2009–2015. [11] It possesses genes conferring antibiotic resistance and virulence. Combined with a lack of effective therapeutic regimens, this leads to high mortality rates. [10] Due to the growing incidence rates, lack of treatments, and high mortality rate, intensive prevention of contamination is necessary. [11]

One of the more significant risk factors for Elizabethkingia is whether mechanical ventilation was used with the patient. Because it can form a biofilm in moist environments, water or water-related equipment can also aid in the transfer of Elizabethkinga in hospital environments. [11]

In children

Neonatal meningitis is the most common presentation of Elizabethkingia for children. Recent studies suggest that approximately 31% of children that have Elizabethkingia pass away from the infection, with an average life expectancy of 27 days from onset of symptoms. [12] For the children who recover from Elizabethkingia, about 48% report typical development and full recovery. 30% indicated an onset of hydrocephalus post-recovery. Many other cases included various onsets post-recovery, including motor deficits, cognitive deficits, ongoing seizures, spasticity, and/or hearing loss. [12]

Elizabethkingia infections in dogs and cats

A 2021 retrospective review of 86 Elizabethkingia veterinary diagnostic laboratory results from US dogs and cats found 26 E. meningoseptica , 1 E. miricola , and 59 unspeciated Elizabethkingia isolates from nine US states, demonstrating that Elizabethkingia infections in animals may increase risks to humans. [13]

Related Research Articles

<i>Elizabethkingia meningoseptica</i> Species of bacterium

Elizabethkingia meningoseptica is a Gram-negative, rod-shaped bacterium widely distributed in nature. It may be normally present in fish and frogs; it may be isolated from chronic infectious states, as in the sputum of cystic fibrosis patients. In 1959, American bacteriologist Elizabeth O. King was studying unclassified bacteria associated with pediatric meningitis at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in Atlanta, when she isolated an organism that she named Flavobacterium meningosepticum. In 1994, it was reclassified in the genus Chryseobacterium and renamed Chryseobacterium meningosepticum(chryseos = "golden" in Greek, so Chryseobacterium means a golden/yellow rod similar to Flavobacterium). In 2005, a 16S rRNA phylogenetic tree of Chryseobacteria showed that C. meningosepticum along with C. miricola were close to each other but outside the tree of the rest of the Chryseobacteria and were then placed in a new genus Elizabethkingia named after the original discoverer of F. meningosepticum.

<i>Chryseobacterium</i> Genus of bacteria

Chryseobacterium is a genus of Gram-negative bacteria. Chryseobacterium species are chemoorganotrophic, rod shape gram-negative bacteria. Chryseobacterium form typical yellow-orange color colonies due to flexirubin-type pigment. The genus contains more than 100 described species from diverse habitats, including freshwater sources, soil, marine fish, and human hosts.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Thorselliaceae</span> Genus of bacteria

Thorselliaceae is a family of bacteria belonging to the class Gammaproteobacteria and it was first described in February 2015. It is not assigned to an order. The family consists of four species in two genera. The bacteria are Gram-negative and rod shaped, approximately 1 μm wide and 2 μm long. They are facultative anaerobes and motile. Thorselliaceae bacteria have been found around the world associated with vector mosquitoes, mainly with vectors of malaria.

Elizabethkingia anophelis is a yellow-pigmented, rod-shaped, gram-negative bacterium in the Flavobacteriaceae family. Elizabethkingia is isolated from the midgut of Anopheles gambiae G3 mosquitoes reared in captivity. The genus Elizabethkingia, named for former US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) microbiologist Elizabeth O. King, also includes E. meningoseptica which causes neonatal sepsis and infections in immunocompromised persons, E. endophytica, and E. miricola.

Elizabethkingia miricola is a species of bacterium isolated from condensation water in Space Station Mir, related to Elizabethkingia anophelis, the cause of the 2016 outbreak of Elizabethkingia anophelis human infections in Wisconsin that began in early November 2015. The genus name Elizabethkingia honors former United States Centers for Disease Control (CDC) microbiologist Elizabeth O. King, and the specific epithet is derived from combining the Russian name of the space station from which the bacterium was isolated, "Mir" meaning "peace," and the Latin "incola" meaning "inhabitant," yielding miricola, "inhabitant of the Mir space station."

Elizabethkingia endophytica is a slightly yellow Gram-stain-negative rod-shaped bacterial strain isolated from the stem of healthy 10-day-old sweet corn . A comparison of the 16S rRNA gene sequence of the isolate showed 99.1, 97.8, and 97.4% similarity to the 16S rRNA gene sequences of the type strains of Elizabethkingia anophelis, Elizabethkingia meningoseptica and Elizabethkingia miricola, respectively. DNA-DNA hybridization indicated that the strain is representative of a new species.

Chryseobacterium arachidiradicis is a Gram-negative and rod-shaped bacteria from the genus Chryseobacterium which has been isolated from soil around a peanut in Alabama in the United States.

Chryseobacterium arthrosphaerae is a Gram-negative and rod-shaped bacteria from the genus Chryseobacterium which has been isolated from the faeces of the pill millipede Arthrosphaera magna in India.

Chryseobacterium chaponense is a Gram-negative, aerobic and rod-shaped bacteria from the genus of Chryseobacterium which has been isolated from the salmon Salmo salar from the Lake Chapo in Chile.

Chryseobacterium contaminans is a Gram-negative and rod-shaped bacteria from the genus Chryseobacterium which has been isolated from a rhizosphere contamination from an agar plate in Alabama in the United States.

Chryseobacterium culicis is a Gram-negative and rod-shaped bacteria from the genus Chryseobacterium which has been isolated from the midgut of the mosquito Culex quinquefasciatus in Raipur in the Chhattisgarh province in India.

Chryseobacterium gallinarum is a Gram-negative and rod-shaped bacteria from the genus Chryseobacterium which has been isolated from the pharyngeal scrape of a chicken in Saxony-Anhalt in Germany. Chryseobacterium gallinarum has the ability to degrade keratin.

Chryseobacterium gambrini is a Gram-negative, rod-shaped, non-spore-forming and non-motile bacteria from the genus Chryseobacterium which has been isolated from biofilms of a steel surface from a beer bottling plant in Germany.

Chryseobacterium hominis is a Gram-negative bacteria from the genus Chryseobacterium which has been isolated from blood from a patient in Belgium and from the fish Arothron hispidus.

Chryseobacterium molle is a Gram-negative, rod-shaped, non-spore-forming and non-motile bacteria from the genus Chryseobacterium which has been isolated from biofilms of a beer bottling plant in Germany.

Chryseobacterium nakagawai is a Gram-negative bacteria from the genus Chryseobacterium.

Chryseobacterium pallidum is a Gram-negative, rod-shaped, non-spore-forming and non-motile bacteria from the genus Chryseobacterium which has been isolated from a steel surface from a beer bottling plant in Germany.

Chryseobacterium taklimakanense is a Gram-negative and rod-shaped bacteria from the genus Chryseobacterium.

Chryseobacterium ureilyticum is a Gram-negative, rod-shaped, non-spore-forming and non-motile bacteria from the genus Chryseobacterium which has been isolated from a steel surface of a beer bottling plant in Germany.

Janibacter anophelis is a species of Gram positive, strictly aerobic, bacterium. The species was initially isolated from the midgut of a Anopheles arabiensis mosquito. The species was first described in 2006, and the species name is derived from the mosquito genus Anopheles.

References

  1. ↑ Kim KK, Kim MK, Lim JH, Park HY, Lee ST (2005). "Transfer of Chryseobacterium meningosepticum and Chryseobacterium miricola to Elizabethkingia gen. nov. as Elizabethkingia meningoseptica comb. nov. and Elizabethkingia miricola comb. nov". International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology. 55 (Pt 3): 1287–93. doi: 10.1099/ijs.0.63541-0 . PMID   15879269.
  2. ↑ Henry, Ronnie (January 2016). "Etymologia: Elizabethkingia". Emerging Infectious Diseases. 22 (1): 17. doi:10.3201/eid2201.ET2201. ISSN   1080-6040. PMC   4698869 . PMID   27057563.
  3. 1 2 "About Elizabethkingia | Elizabethkingia | CDC". www.cdc.gov. 2018-10-12. Retrieved 2019-07-26.
  4. ↑ Kämpfer P, Matthews H, Glaeser SP, Martin K, Lodders N, Faye I (2011). "Elizabethkingia anophelis sp. nov., isolated from the midgut of the mosquito Anopheles gambiae". International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology. 61 (Pt 11): 2670–5. doi: 10.1099/ijs.0.026393-0 . PMID   21169462.
  5. ↑ Wisconsin Department of Health Services: "Wisconsin 2016 Elizabethkingia anophelis outbreak", March 11, 2016
  6. ↑ Perrin A, Larsonneur E, Nicholson AC, Edwards DJ, Gundlach KM, Whitney AM, Gulvik CA, Bell ME, Rendueles O, Cury J, Hugon P, Clermont D, Enouf V, Loparev V, Juieng P, Monson T, Warshauer D, Elbadawi LI, Walters MS, Crist MB, Noble-Wang J, Borlaug G, Rocha EP, Criscuolo A, Touchon M, Davis JP, Holt KE, McQuiston JR, Brisse S (2017). "Evolutionary dynamics and genomic features of the Elizabethkingia anophelis 2015 to 2016 Wisconsin outbreak strain". Nat Commun. 8: 15483. Bibcode:2017NatCo...815483P. doi:10.1038/ncomms15483. PMC   5458099 . PMID   28537263.
  7. ↑ Kämpfer P, Busse HJ, McInroy JA, Glaeser SP (2015). "Elizabethkingia endophytica sp. nov., isolated from Zea mays and emended description of Elizabethkingia anophelis Kämpfer et al. 2011". International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology. 65 (7): 2187–93. doi: 10.1099/ijs.0.000236 . PMID   25858248.
  8. ↑ King EO (1959). "Studies on a group of previously unclassified bacteria associated with meningitis in infants". American Journal of Clinical Pathology. 31 (3): 241–7. doi:10.1093/ajcp/31.3.241. PMID   13637033.
  9. ↑ Li Y, Kawamura Y, Fujiwara N, Naka T, Liu H, Huang X, Kobayashi K, Ezaki T (2003). "Chryseobacterium miricola sp. nov., a novel species isolated from condensation water of space station Mir". Systematic and Applied Microbiology. 26 (4): 523–8. doi:10.1078/072320203770865828. PMID   14666980.
  10. 1 2 Teo J, Tan SY, Liu Y, Tay M, Ding Y, Li Y, Kjelleberg S, Givskov M, Lin RT, Yang L (2014). "Comparative Genomic Analysis of Malaria Mosquito Vector-Associated Novel Pathogen Elizabethkingia anophelis". Genome Biology and Evolution. 6 (5): 1158–65. doi:10.1093/gbe/evu094. PMC   4041001 . PMID   24803570.
  11. 1 2 3 Choi, Min Hyuk; Kim, Myungsook; Jeong, Su Jin; Choi, Jun Yong; Lee, In-Yong; Yong, Tai-Soon; Yong, Dongeun; Jeong, Seok Hoon; Lee, Kyungwon (January 2019). "Risk Factors for Elizabethkingia Acquisition and Clinical Characteristics of Patients, South Korea". Emerging Infectious Diseases. 25 (1): 42–51. doi:10.3201/eid2501.171985. ISSN   1080-6040. PMC   6302585 . PMID   30561316.
  12. 1 2 Dziuban, Eric J; Franks, Jessica L; So, Marvin; Peacock, Georgina; Blaney, David D (2018-06-18). "Elizabethkingia in Children: A Comprehensive Review of Symptomatic Cases Reported From 1944 to 2017". Clinical Infectious Diseases. 67 (1): 144–149. doi: 10.1093/cid/cix1052 . ISSN   1058-4838. PMC   9580403 . PMID   29211821.
  13. ↑ Weese, J., Sobkowich, K. E., Poljak, Z., & Bernardo, T. M. (2023). Isolation of Elizabethkingia spp. from Diagnostic Specimens from Dogs and Cats, United States, 2019–2021. Emerging Infectious Diseases, 29(7), 1488-1489; https://doi.org/10.3201/eid2907.230218.
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