Erichansenia

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Erichansenia
Caloplaca epithallina - Flickr - pellaea (2).jpg
Erichansenia epithallina
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Fungi
Division: Ascomycota
Class: Lecanoromycetes
Order: Teloschistales
Family: Teloschistaceae
Genus: Erichansenia
S.Y.Kondr., Kärnefelt & A.Thell (2020)
Type species
Erichansenia epithallina
(Lynge) S.Y.Kondr., Kärnefelt & A.Thell (2020)
Species

E. cryodesertorum
E. epithallina
E. sauronii

Erichansenia is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Teloschistaceae. [1] It has three species of saxicolous (rock-dwelling), crustose lichens. [2]

Contents

Taxonomy

The genus was circumscribed in 2020 by lichenologists Sergey Kondratyuk, Ingvar Kärnefelt, and Arne Thell, with Erichansenia epithallina assigned as the type species. This lichen was first described as a member of the genus Caloplaca by Bernt Arne Lynge in 1940. [3] The genus name honours Danish lichenologist Eric Steen Hansen. [4]

Erichansenia belongs to the subfamily Xanthorioideae of the family Teloschistaceae. Erichansenia lichens are recognised for their unique combination of features, including the presence of Lecidea green pigment in the cortex and exciple, as well as their distribution spanning both the Northern and Southern Hemispheres. While they share some similarities with other lichen genera such as Shackletonia , Huea , Pyrenodesmia , and Blastenia , their distinct characteristics, chemosyndrome, and microhabitat preferences set them apart within the Teloschistaceae. [4]

Description

Erichansenia lichens are crustose and typically grow on siliceous rocks, particularly large granite rocks, in crevices and cracks. Their thallus, the vegetative body of the lichen, is usually continuous but may be reduced to tiny fragments surrounding apothecia (the reproductive structures). The thallus surface is characterized by deep cracks and is grey to dirty greyish in colour, sometimes appearing blackish within the cracks. The cortex, the outermost layer of the thallus, has a paraplectenchymatous tissue structure. [4]

The apothecia of Erichansenia lichens are lecideine in nature, meaning they have a disc-like structure. In most species, these apothecia are completely black, though young apothecia in Erichansenia sauronii may have dark reddish-orange discs . The outer exciple of Erichansenia apothecia is dark greenish blue. The hymenium, the layer containing spores, is hyaline to faintly blue. The epithecium , situated above the hymenium, ranges from dark greenish blue to blackish with dispersed deep-orange anthraquinone granules. The paraphyses, which are filament-like structures found among the spore-bearing asci, are simple or sparingly branched and may have blue-tinged cell walls. The asci are clavate and of the Teloschistes type, typically holding eight spores. Ascospores are ellipsoid and polardiblastic . [4]

The cortical layer of Erichansenia thalli reacts negatively to various chemical spot tests, including K−, C−, and KC−. In contrast, their epithecium shows a positive reaction to K with a faint violet colour. The medulla may appear either I+ (violet) or I−, while the outer part of the exciple reacts positively to I/KI+ and has a violet hue. Additionally, Erichansenia lichens display a strong pinkish cN+ reaction, specifically termed "Lecidea green" following the classification proposed by Clifford Wetmore. Erichansenia species produce the lichen products 5-chloroemodin, 7-chloroemodin and their derivatives; this is a unique set of similar substances (a chemosyndrome ) that is unique in the subfamily Xanthorioideae. [4]

Habitat and distribution

Erichansenia species are found in diverse ecological niches, including epilithic habitats on naked granite rocks, cracks, and small crevices. They may also exhibit lichenicolous tendencies, growing on various crusts and, rarely, foliose lichens. These lichens have been recorded at altitudes ranging from 300 to 2,900 m (980 to 9,510 ft) above sea level. Collectively, Erichansenia lichens are distributed across the globe, with species such as E. cryodesertorum and E. sauronii known from continental Antarctica, and E. epithallina occurring in the Northern Hemisphere. [4]

Species

Related Research Articles

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<i>Igneoplaca</i> Lichen genus

Igneoplaca is a genus in the subfamily Xanthorioideae of the family Teloschistaceae. It contains a single species, the crustose lichen Igneoplaca ignea.

Sirenophila is a genus of crustose lichens in the subfamily Teloschistoideae of the family Teloschistaceae. It has four species with an Australasian distribution.

Huneckia is a genus of crustose lichens in the subfamily Caloplacoideae of the family Teloschistaceae. It has four species.

Tassiloa is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Teloschistaceae. It has two species.

Marchantiana is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Teloschistaceae. It contains seven species of corticolous (bark-dwelling), crustose lichens that occur in the Southern Hemisphere.

Eilifdahlia is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Teloschistaceae. It contains three species of corticolous (bark-dwelling), crustose lichens that occur in the Southern Hemisphere.

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Upretia is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Teloschistaceae. It has three species of saxicolous (rock-dwelling), crustose lichens. Upretia is characterised by its small ascospores and narrow, rod-shaped conidia. The distribution of the genus ranges from mid-altitude rocky terrains in India to both arid and higher altitudinal environments in China.

Caloplaca aliciae is a species of saxicolous (rock-dwelling), crustose lichen in the family Teloschistaceae. It is found in Australia. It is characterised by a thallus that can grow up to 2 cm wide, featuring colours from dull pink to dull brown, with small, dispersed, flat areoles that are irregularly shaped and occasionally dissected by cracks, displaying a whitish, dull pink, or dull orange-brown surface. Its apothecia are lecanorine in form, initially immersed but often rising above the areoles, with each areole containing one or two apothecia that have a thalline margin matching the thallus colour.

Cerothallia subluteoalba is a species of corticolous (bark-dwelling), crustose lichen in the family Teloschistaceae. Found in Australia, it was described as a new species in 2009. This species is distinguished by its numerous bright yellow to soft yellow-orange apothecia, tiny spores with slim dividers (septa), and a barely distinguishable thallus that either fades away or grows inside its host.

Sirenophila cliffwetmorei is a species of saxicolous (rock-dwelling), crustose lichen in the family Teloschistaceae. It is found in Australia. Its thallus can reach up to 1 centimetre in width, has a whitish to whitish-grey colour, and is very thin, sometimes almost merging with the substrate, and has paler edges with a darker grey centre. Its numerous tiny apothecia give the thallus a yellow-orange appearance.

Sirenophila maccarthyi is a species of corticolous/lignicolous, crustose lichen in the family Teloschistaceae. It has a thallus that is whitish or greyish, often inconspicuous and not always continuous, which can appear darker or dirty grey near its numerous, clustered apothecia. Sirenophila maccarthyi is distributed across regions including Western Australia, New South Wales, Victoria, Tasmania, and New Zealand, in both coastal and inland habitats. It typically grows on the bark and dead wood of a wide range of trees and shrubs such as Acacia sophorae, Araucaria excelsa, and various Eucalyptus species.

Xanthocarpia erichansenii is a species of terricolous (ground-dwelling), crustose lichen in the family Teloschistaceae. It is found in southwest Greenland, where it grows on loess among mosses.

Caloplaca letrouitioides is a little-known species of corticolous (bark-dwelling), crustose lichen belonging to the family Teloschistaceae, described in 2011. It is known to occur in Victoria, Australia. The species was named for its superficial resemblance to species in the genus Letrouitia. The anatomical characteristics of Caloplaca letrouitioides, particularly the well-developed true exciple and the unexpanded paraphyses tips, along with the absence of algae in the apothecia, set it apart from other species in the genus.

Fauriea trassii is a lichen species in the family Teloschistaceae, described in 2011. It is primarily found in the Far East of Russia, particularly in the Primorsky Krai region.

Caloplaca kiewkaensis is a species of bark- and wood-dwelling crustose lichen in the family Teloschistaceae. Described as a new species in 2011, this lichen is found in the Far East region of Russia, specifically within Primorsky Krai.

Dufourea angustata is a species of saxicolous (rock-dwelling), crustose lichen in the family Teloschistaceae. It is widely distributed across Australia.

Oxneriopsis is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Teloschistaceae. It has four species of corticolous (bark-dwelling), crustose lichens.

Elixjohnia jackelixii is a species of saxicolous (rock-dwelling), crustose lichen in the family Teloschistaceae. It is found in Australia and New Zealand. The lichen is characterised by its unique multilayered appearance with outer sterile rings that are brownish or greenish-yellow and inner areoles that are whitish, yellowish, or greyish, often cracked to reveal the medulla underneath. Its fruiting bodies, or apothecia, are typically attached directly to the thallus and vary in colour and shape.

References

  1. ↑ Wijayawardene, N.N.; Hyde, K.D.; Dai, D.Q.; Sánchez-García, M.; Goto, B.T.; Saxena, R.K.; et al. (2022). "Outline of Fungi and fungus-like taxa – 2021". Mycosphere. 13 (1): 53–453 [114]. doi: 10.5943/mycosphere/13/1/2 . hdl: 10481/76378 . S2CID   249054641.
  2. ↑ "Erichansenia". Catalogue of Life . Species 2000: Leiden, the Netherlands. Retrieved 23 September 2023.
  3. ↑ Lynge, B. (1940). "Lichens of North East Greenland. II. Microlichens". Skrifter Om Svalbard og Ishavet. 81: 113.
  4. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Kondratyuk, S.Y.; Lőkös, L.; Farkas, E.; Kärnefelt, I.; Thell, A.; Yamamoto, Y.; Hur, J.-S. (2020). "Three new genera of the Teloschistaceae proved by three gene phylogeny" (PDF). Acta Botanica Hungarica. 62 (1–2): 109–136. doi:10.1556/034.62.2020.1-2.7. S2CID   226056287.
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