Pyrenodesmia

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Pyrenodesmia
Pyrenodesmia variabilis 1307108.jpg
Pyrenodesmia variabilis
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Fungi
Division: Ascomycota
Class: Lecanoromycetes
Order: Teloschistales
Family: Teloschistaceae
Genus: Pyrenodesmia
A.Massal. (1852)
Type species
Pyrenodesmia chalybaea
(Fr.) A.Massal. (1853)
Species

See text

Pyrenodesmia is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Teloschistaceae. [1] The genus currently includes 23 recognized species but is believed to contain many more unnamed taxa. The genus was circumscribed in 1852 by Italian lichenologist Abramo Bartolommeo Massalongo. [2] It is characterised by the complete absence of anthraquinones and the presence of Sedifolia-gray pigments in both the thallus and apothecia. These lichens are typically found in calcareous outcrops in the Northern Hemisphere, with biodiversity centres in the Mediterranean basin, Central Asia, and arid regions of western North America.

Contents

Taxonomy

The genus Pyrenodesmia was circumscribed by Abramo Bartolommeo Massalongo (1852). In his original conception, Massalongo included four species (P. agardhiana, P. chalybaea, P. olivacea, and P. variabilis) and three infraspecific taxa (P. variabilis β. lilacina, P. variabilis δ. pulchella, and P. variabilis γ. fusca). [2] These taxa all grow on calcareous outcrops, lack anthraquinones, and have Sedifolia‐gray both in their thallus and apothecia. [3] Ulf Arup and colleagues (2013) resurrected the genus, recognizing both Pyrenodesmia sensu stricto and the informal group Pyrenodesmiasensu lato. Pyrenodesmia sensu stricto includes species that lack anthraquinones and possess Sedifolia-gray, while Pyrenodesmia sensu lato also includes species with anthraquinones in the apothecia. The taxonomy of the genus remains complex, with several taxa awaiting more robust data for proper classification. [3]

Description

Pyrenodesmia species have a crustose, epi- or endolithic thallus that is white, gray, or brown in colour. The cortex is usually represented by an alveolate cortex and is paraplectenchymatous . The apothecia are zeorine or rarely biatorine in form, with brown, gray, or black discs and true exciples . Ascospores are polar-diblastic with a short to large long septum. Pycnidia are present or absent, gray or black, and conidia are bacilliform to somewhat spherical. In Pyrenodesmia, the thalli, apothecia, and pycnidia always lack anthraquinones but have Sedifolia-gray pigments. [3]

Habitat and distribution

Pyrenodesmia species are mainly distributed in the Mediterranean region, Central Asia, and desert regions of western North America, with a few taxa found in other parts of Europe, Asia, and North America. They exclusively grow on rocks, inhabiting calcareous outcrops in Europe and base-rich siliceous outcrops in Central Asia and the United States. These lichens can be found in sunlit conditions from coast to alpine zones, with some species such as P. helygeoides growing on acidic siliceous boulders in water. [3]

Species

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Teloschistaceae</span> Family of lichen-forming fungi

The Teloschistaceae are a large family of mostly lichen-forming fungi belonging to the class Lecanoromycetes in the division Ascomycota. The family has a cosmopolitan distribution, although members occur predominantly in subtropical and temperate regions. Most members are lichens that either live on rock or on bark, but about 40 species are lichenicolous – meaning they are non-lichenised fungi that live on other lichens. Many members of the Teloschistaceae are readily identifiable by their vibrant orange to yellow hue, a result of their frequent anthraquinone content. The presence of these anthraquinone pigments, which confer protection from ultraviolet light, enabled this group to expand from shaded forest habitats to harsher environmental conditions of sunny and arid ecosystems during the Late Cretaceous.

<i>Gyalolechia</i> Genus of lichen-forming fungi

Gyalolechia is a genus of lichen-forming fungi belonging to the family Teloschistaceae. It contains 18 species of crustose lichens.

<i>Calogaya</i> Genus of lichens

Calogaya is a genus of lichen-forming fungi belonging to the family Teloschistaceae. It has 19 species. The genus was circumscribed in 2013 by Ulf Arup, Ulrik Søchting, and Patrik Frödén. The generic name Calogaya honours Dr. Ester Gaya, a Spanish botanist from the University of Barcelona.

<i>Flavoplaca</i> Genus of lichen

Flavoplaca is a genus of crust-like or scaly lichens in the family Teloschistaceae. It has 28 species with a mostly Northern Hemisphere distribution.

<i>Xanthocarpia</i> Genus of lichen

Xanthocarpia is a genus of mostly crustose lichens in the family Teloschistaceae. It has 12 species with a largely Northern Hemisphere distribution.

<i>Polycauliona</i> Genus of lichen

Polycauliona is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Teloschistaceae.

<i>Squamulea</i> Genus of lichens

Squamulea is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Teloschistaceae. It has 15 species. The genus was circumscribed in 2013 by Ulf Arup, Ulrik Søchting, and Patrik Frödén, with Squamulea subsoluta assigned as the type species. Five species were included in the original account of the genus. The genus name alludes to the squamulose growth form of most of its species. Squamulea has a worldwide distribution; when the genus was originally created, the centre of distribution was thought to be in southwestern North America.

<i>Cerothallia</i> Genus of lichens

Cerothallia is a genus of crustose lichens in the family Teloschistaceae. It has four species, all of which occur in the Southern Hemisphere. The genus was circumscribed in 2013 by Ulf Arup, Patrik Frödén, and Ulrik Søchting, with Cerothallia luteoalba assigned as the type species. The type is more widely distributed, as it is also found in Europe and North America. The generic name Cerothallia means "with waxy thallus".

Sirenophila is a genus of crustose lichens in the subfamily Teloschistoideae of the family Teloschistaceae. It has four species with an Australasian distribution.

<i>Kuettlingeria</i> Genus of lichens

Kuettlingeria is a genus of saxicolous (rock-dwelling), crustose lichens in the family Teloschistaceae. Species are characterized by a white or gray thallus and the presence of anthraquinones in the apothecial disc and true exciple, with the exception of Kuettlingeria diphyodes, which entirely lacks anthraquinones. First described by Italian botanist Trevisan in 1857, the genus includes 15 recognized species, although it is believed to be more diverse with additional unnamed species. These lichens are predominantly found in the Northern Hemisphere, particularly in the Mediterranean region, and grow on limestone and base-rich siliceous outcrops in sunlit conditions.

<i>Wetmoreana</i> Genus of lichens

Wetmoreana is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Teloschistaceae. It has two crustose, saxicolous (rock-dwelling) species.

Sanguineodiscus is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Teloschistaceae. It is characterized by its deep red apothecial discs, found predominantly in the Mediterranean basin, Central Asia, Northern Africa, and Europe. This genus comprises both saxicolous and corticolous species, which are found in various habitats, such as inland rain-sheltered base-rich siliceous rocks, seashore siliceous rocks, and calcareous outcrops in Central Asia. Sanguineodiscus, established in 2023, contains four recognized species, but it is believed that the genus contains more unnamed taxa.

Tassiloa is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Teloschistaceae. It has two species.

Orientophila is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Teloschistaceae. It has 15 species of mostly saxicolous (rock-dwelling), crustose lichens. All Orientophila species occur in Northeast Asia including China, Japan, South Korea, and the Russian Far East.

Elixjohnia gallowayi is a species of saxicolous (rock-dwelling), crustose lichen in the family Teloschistaceae. It has a vividly coloured thallus, ranging in hues from bright red to reddish-orange. It is found in Australia.

Caloplaca sterilis is a corticolous (bark-dwelling), crustose lichen belonging to the family Teloschistaceae, described in 2011. It is primarily found in steppe and sand dune habitats in the Black Sea region, and has been recorded from Bulgaria, Romania, southwest Russia, and Ukraine. Caloplaca sterilis is characterised by tiny squamules/areoles with contrasting pale greyish-green to greenish soredia. It is easily overlooked and challenging to identify when completely sorediate and sterile, especially as its soredia do not contain the typical Sedifolia-grey pigment.

Pyrenodesmia micromarina is a species of saxicolous (rock-dwelling), crustose lichen in the family Teloschistaceae. It is found in the Eastern Mediterranean, specifically along the coasts of the Black Sea and the Sea of Marmara in Russia, Turkey, and Ukraine. It grows on coastal rocks and occasionally concrete, often in Mediterranean scrub vegetation.

Dufourea angustata is a species of saxicolous (rock-dwelling), crustose lichen in the family Teloschistaceae. It is widely distributed across Australia.

Kuettlingeria soralifera is a saxicolous (rock-dwelling), crustose lichen species in the family Teloschistaceae, first described in 2006. It is similar to Kuettlingeria xerica but distinguished by the presence of soredia on its thallus.

References

  1. ↑ Wijayawardene, N.N.; Hyde, K.D.; Dai, D.Q.; Sánchez-García, M.; Goto, B.T.; Saxena, R.K.; et al. (2022). "Outline of Fungi and fungus-like taxa – 2021". Mycosphere. 13 (1): 53–453. doi: 10.5943/mycosphere/13/1/2 . hdl: 10481/61998 .
  2. 1 2 Massalongo, A.B. (1852). "Monografia dei licheni blasteniospori". Atti dell'Istituto Veneto Scienze. ser 2 (in Italian) (3(App. 3)): 5–131 [119].
  3. 1 2 3 4 Frolov, Ivan; Vondrák, Jan; Košnar, Jiří; Arup, Ulf (2020). "Phylogenetic relationships within Pyrenodesmia sensu lato and the role of pigments in its taxonomic interpretation". Journal of Systematics and Evolution. 59 (3): 454–474. doi:10.1111/jse.12717. S2CID   234535735.
  4. ↑ Kondratyuk, S.Y.; Lőkös, L.; Oh, S.-O.; Kondratiuk, T.O.; Parnikoza, I.Yu.; Hur, J.-S. (2020). "New and noteworthy lichen-forming and lichenicolous fungi, 11". Acta Botanica Hungarica. 62 (3–4): 225–291. doi: 10.1556/034.62.2020.3-4.3 .
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