Pyrenodesmia micromarina

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Pyrenodesmia micromarina
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Fungi
Division: Ascomycota
Class: Lecanoromycetes
Order: Teloschistales
Family: Teloschistaceae
Genus: Pyrenodesmia
Species:
P. micromarina
Binomial name
Pyrenodesmia micromarina
(Frolov, Khodos. & Vondrák) I.V.Frolov & Vondrák (2020)
Synonyms [1]
  • Caloplaca micromarinaFrolov, Khodos. & Vondrák (2016)

Pyrenodesmia micromarina is a species of saxicolous (rock-dwelling), crustose lichen in the family Teloschistaceae. [2] It is found in the Eastern Mediterranean, specifically along the coasts of the Black Sea and the Sea of Marmara in Russia, Turkey, and Ukraine. It grows on coastal rocks and occasionally concrete, often in Mediterranean scrub vegetation.

Contents

Taxonomy

The lichen was first formally described as a new species in 2016 by the lichenologists Ivan Frolov, Oleksandr Khodosovtsev, and Jan Vondrák, who placed it in the genus Caloplaca . The type specimen was collected near Gaziköy in a small brook valley at elevations of 20–40 m (66–131 ft) above sea level. [3] Frolov and Vondrák later transferred it to genus Pyrenodesmia . [4]

Description

This species of Pyrenodesmia is recognized by several key features: it lacks anthraquinones (common in the family Teloschistaceae), and its thallus, which is usually thinner than 200  µm, does not have a distinct cortex and has a Sedifolia-grey colouration. The mature apothecia are typically smaller than 0.5 mm in diameter, with a black disc with a true, zeorine exciple. [3]

The thallus of Pyrenodesmia micromarina is ochre to grey, occasionally with white spots, and forms small, irregular to roundish spots. It consists of tightly arranged, flat areoles . The medulla is inconspicuous, and the algal layer is made up of spherical cells. The cortex is usually not developed, but an alveolate cortex might be present with an indistinct boundary. The lichen does not have vegetative diaspores and occasionally has a white pruina , particularly around the apothecia. [3]

Apothecia are small, with a black disc and a true exciple that matches the thallus in colour. The hymenium is colourless and may contain stacks of extracellular crystals. The asci are clavate , containing eight polarilocular , colourless ascospores with rather wide septa. [3]

Pycnidia are commonly observed, with darker grey tops on the thallus surface. The conidia are ellipsoid to broadly ellipsoid. [3]

Chemistry

Chemical tests reveal that the thallus and apothecia are negative for potassium hydroxide (K), calcium hypochlorite (C), and p-phenylenediamine (P) reactions and are not fluorescent under ultraviolet light. The epihymenium and the outer cells of the true exciple contain Sedifolia-grey , which reacts to water and potassium hydroxide. However, no substances were detected by high-performance liquid chromatography in apothecia and thallus samples.

Distribution and ecology

Caloplaca micromarina is a maritime species found in the Eastern Mediterranean, specifically along the coasts of the Black Sea and the Sea of Marmara in Russia, Turkey, and Ukraine. It grows on coastal rocks and occasionally concrete, often in Mediterranean scrub vegetation. The species co-occurs with various lichens including Aspicilia contorta , Caloplaca conversa , and Candelariella aurella . [3]

Related Research Articles

<i>Flavoplaca</i> Genus of lichen

Flavoplaca is a genus of crust-like or scaly lichens in the family Teloschistaceae. It has 28 species with a mostly Northern Hemisphere distribution.

<i>Xanthocarpia</i> Genus of lichen

Xanthocarpia is a genus of mostly crustose lichens in the family Teloschistaceae. It has 12 species with a largely Northern Hemisphere distribution.

<i>Kuettlingeria</i> Genus of lichens

Kuettlingeria is a genus of saxicolous (rock-dwelling), crustose lichens in the family Teloschistaceae. Species are characterized by a white or gray thallus and the presence of anthraquinones in the apothecial disc and true exciple, with the exception of Kuettlingeria diphyodes, which entirely lacks anthraquinones. First described by Italian botanist Trevisan in 1857, the genus includes 15 recognized species, although it is believed to be more diverse with additional unnamed species. These lichens are predominantly found in the Northern Hemisphere, particularly in the Mediterranean region, and grow on limestone and base-rich siliceous outcrops in sunlit conditions.

<i>Pyrenodesmia</i> Genus of fungi

Pyrenodesmia is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Teloschistaceae. The genus currently includes 23 recognized species but is believed to contain many more unnamed taxa. The genus was circumscribed in 1852 by Italian lichenologist Abramo Bartolommeo Massalongo. It is characterised by the complete absence of anthraquinones and the presence of Sedifolia-gray pigments in both the thallus and apothecia. These lichens are typically found in calcareous outcrops in the Northern Hemisphere, with biodiversity centres in the Mediterranean basin, Central Asia, and arid regions of western North America.

Variospora cancarixiticola is a species of saxicolous (rock-dwelling), crustose lichen in the family Teloschistaceae. It is found in southeastern Spain, where it grows on cancarixite, a volcanic rock known only to occur in that country.

Parvoplaca nigroblastidiata is a species of corticolous (bark-dwelling), crustose lichen in the family Teloschistaceae. Found in Europe and Alaska, it was formally described as a new species in 2015 by Ulf Arup, Jan Vondrák, and Mehmet Halıcı. The type specimen was collected in the Nyhem Parish, Jämtland (Sweden), where it was growing on the bark of Populus tremula. In Turkey, it has been recorded at high altitudes on the bark of Juniperus excelsa and Abies cilicica, while in a single record from Alaska it is growing on Populus. In 2018 it was reported from the sacred groves of Epirus in Greece, and in 2020 from Norway.

Sanguineodiscus is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Teloschistaceae. It is characterized by its deep red apothecial discs, found predominantly in the Mediterranean basin, Central Asia, Northern Africa, and Europe. This genus comprises both saxicolous and corticolous species, which are found in various habitats, such as inland rain-sheltered base-rich siliceous rocks, seashore siliceous rocks, and calcareous outcrops in Central Asia. Sanguineodiscus, established in 2023, contains four recognized species, but it is believed that the genus contains more unnamed taxa.

Calogaya orientalis is a species of corticolous (bark-dwelling) and muscicolous lichen (moss-dwelling), crustose lichen in the family Teloschistaceae. It is found in arid steppe and desert habitats in Northwestern China, Iran, and Turkey. The thallus of this lichen is reduced, similar to species in the genus Athallia.

<i>Kuettlingeria erythrocarpa</i> Species of lichen

Kuettlingeria erythrocarpa is a species of saxicolous (rock-dwelling), crustose lichen in the family Teloschistaceae.

<i>Kuettlingeria albolutescens</i> Species of lichen

Kuettlingeria albolutescens is a species of saxicolous (rock-dwelling), crustose lichen in the family Teloschistaceae. It occurs in Europe and Western Asia.

Sirenophila maccarthyi is a species of corticolous/lignicolous, crustose lichen in the family Teloschistaceae. It has a thallus that is whitish or greyish, often inconspicuous and not always continuous, which can appear darker or dirty grey near its numerous, clustered apothecia. Sirenophila maccarthyi is distributed across regions including Western Australia, New South Wales, Victoria, Tasmania, and New Zealand, in both coastal and inland habitats. It typically grows on the bark and dead wood of a wide range of trees and shrubs such as Acacia sophorae, Araucaria excelsa, and various Eucalyptus species.

Caloplaca letrouitioides is a little-known species of corticolous (bark-dwelling), crustose lichen belonging to the family Teloschistaceae, described in 2011. It is known to occur in Victoria, Australia. The species was named for its superficial resemblance to species in the genus Letrouitia. The anatomical characteristics of Caloplaca letrouitioides, particularly the well-developed true exciple and the unexpanded paraphyses tips, along with the absence of algae in the apothecia, set it apart from other species in the genus.

Caloplaca sterilis is a corticolous (bark-dwelling), crustose lichen belonging to the family Teloschistaceae, described in 2011. It is primarily found in steppe and sand dune habitats in the Black Sea region, and has been recorded from Bulgaria, Romania, southwest Russia, and Ukraine. Caloplaca sterilis is characterised by tiny squamules/areoles with contrasting pale greyish-green to greenish soredia. It is easily overlooked and challenging to identify when completely sorediate and sterile, especially as its soredia do not contain the typical Sedifolia-grey pigment.

Fauriea trassii is a lichen species in the family Teloschistaceae, described in 2011. It is primarily found in the Far East of Russia, particularly in the Primorsky Krai region.

Pyrenodesmia micromontana is a species of saxicolous (rock-dwelling), crustose lichen in the family Teloschistaceae. Found in the Orenburg region of Russia, this species prefers to grow on lime-rich schist and sandstone boulders and pebbles in scrubs and steppes.

Caloplaca fluviatilis is a species of saxicolous (rock-dwelling), crustose lichen in the family Teloschistaceae. It is found in the Republic of Tyva in Siberia.

<i>Flavoplaca austrocitrina</i> Species of lichen

Flavoplaca austrocitrina is a species of saxicolous (rock-dwelling), crustose lichen in the family Teloschistaceae. It is widely distributed in Europe, and has also been recorded in South America.

Caloplaca kiewkaensis is a species of bark- and wood-dwelling crustose lichen in the family Teloschistaceae. Described as a new species in 2011, this lichen is found in the Far East region of Russia, specifically within Primorsky Krai.

Caloplaca akbarica, a species of lichen saxicolous (rock-dwelling), crustose lichen described in 2002. Found in Tajikistan, it has a rosette-shaped, lobate thallus, and apothecia that are distinctly pruinose. It was formally described as a new species in 2002 by the lichenologists Imomnazar Kudratov and Oleksandr Khodosovtsev.

Flavoplaca arcisproxima is a species of saxicolous (rock-dwelling), crustose lichen in the family Teloschistaceae. It is found primarily in the coastal regions of the Crimean Peninsula and the eastern Mediterranean, particularly in Crete, Greece.

References

  1. ↑ "Synonymy. Current Name: Pyrenodesmia micromarina (Frolov, Khodos. & Vondrák) I.V. Frolov & Vondrák, in Frolov, Vondrák, Košnar & Arup, Journal of Systematics and Evolution 59(3): 470 (2020)". Species Fungorum . Retrieved 22 December 2023.
  2. ↑ "Pyrenodesmia micromarina (Frolov, Khodos. & Vondrák) I.V. Frolov & Vondrák". Catalogue of Life . Species 2000: Leiden, the Netherlands. Retrieved 22 December 2023.
  3. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Frolov, Ivan; Vondrák, Jan; Fernández-Mendoza, Fernando; Wilk, Karina; Khodosovtsev, Alexander; Halıcı, Mehmet Gökhan (2016). "Three new, seemingly-cryptic species in the lichen genus Caloplaca (Teloschistaceae) distinguished in two-phase phenotype evaluation". Annales Botanici Fennici. 53 (3–4): 243–262. doi:10.5735/085.053.0413. hdl:10995/117780. S2CID   88825723.
  4. ↑ Frolov, Ivan; Vondrák, Jan; Košnar, Jiří; Arup, Ulf (2021). "Phylogenetic relationships within Pyrenodesmia sensu lato and the role of pigments in its taxonomic interpretation". Journal of Systematics and Evolution. 59 (3): 454–474. doi:10.1111/jse.12717. S2CID   234535735.
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