Escaryus

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Escaryus
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Subphylum: Myriapoda
Class: Chilopoda
Order: Geophilomorpha
Family: Schendylidae
Genus: Escaryus
Cook & Collins, 1891
Type species
Escaryus phyllophilus
Cook & Collins, 1891

Escaryus is a genus of soil centipedes in the family Schendylidae. [1] These centipedes are notable as schendylids adapted to colder temperatures and restricted to cool climates and high latitudes. [2] With more than 30 species, [3] this genus is easily the largest group of such centipedes in the family Schendylidae. Most schendylids are limited to tropical or subtropical regions. [2]

Contents

Distribution

These centipedes are found in subarctic and temperate regions of the Holarctic realm. [3] This genus is distributed in Eurasia from Moldova, Crimea, and the Caucasus mountains to Siberia, the Russian Far East, Korea, and northern Japan. In North America, these centipedes are found in coastal and central Alaska, the Yukon territory in Canada, Utah, and from Kansas to Minnesota, Virginia, New York, and Massachusetts. [2] Species in this genus are mostly associated with mountainous regions. [4]

Taxonomy

This genus was first proposed in 1891 by the American biologists Orator F. Cook and Guy N. Collins. [5] They described this genus to contain two species, including E. phyllophilus, which they described as a new species based on specimens collected in Syracuse, New York. [5] The name Escaryus is an anagram of Syracuse. [2] Cook would later designate E. phyllophilus as the type species for this genus, [6] but E. phyllophilus is now deemed to be a junior synonym of E. urbicus . [7] When Cook first proposed Schendylidae as a family in 1896, he listed Escaryus as one of five genera included in the newly described family. [6]

Description

Species in this genus feature heads that are slightly longer than wide and antennae that taper gradually. The middle part of the labrum features distinct denticles. Lappets project from the lateral margins of the first maxillae. [8] [9] The second maxillae end in claws fringed by two rows of filaments. [3] The forcipular tergite is narrower than the following tergite. The sternites lack ventral fields of pores. The basal part of the ultimate legs features many scattered pores. [8] [9] Each of the ultimate legs features seven segments and ends in a claw. [2] [9] In both sexes, each gonopod features two joints. [8]

Centipedes in this genus range from about 1 cm to about 7 cm in length. [3] These centipedes can have as few as 31 pairs of legs (in the North American species E. cryptorobius , with as few as 31 in at least the males) [2] or as many as 67 leg pairs (in the Central Asian species E. kusnetzowi , with as many as 67 in the females). [4] [3] The Russian species E. molodovae , which reaches only 14 mm in length, [10] [8] and the North American species E. paucipes , which measures only 14 mm in length, are both notable for their small sizes. [2] The North American species E. missouriensis can reach 73 mm in length and is notable for its large size. [2]

Species

This genus includes the following species: [1]

Related Research Articles

<i>Geophilus</i> Genus of centipedes

Geophilus is a large, heterogeneous genus of soil centipedes in the family Geophilidae largely considered to be synonymous with Brachygeophilus. The generic name first appeared in Brewster's Edinburgh Encyclopaedia in 1814 as Geophilus electricus. This genus has a Holarctic distribution.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Schendylidae</span> Family of centipedes

Schendylidae is a family of soil centipedes in the superfamily Himantarioidea and the order Geophilomorpha. These centipedes are found in the Americas, the Palearctic region, Africa, Madagascar, Australia, and southeast Asia, and also on some Pacific islands. This family was first proposed by the American biologist Orator F. Cook in 1896.

Arrup is a genus of centipedes in the family Mecistocephalidae, native to Europe and Asia as far as Japan. Centipedes in this genus feature small telopodites on the second maxillae, the head and forcipular segment are elongate, the clypeus is almost completely areolate, and the poison glands in adult males are often deep inside the forcipules. These centipedes range from 1 cm to 5 cm in length. All species in this genus have 41 leg-bearing segments. Most are soil-dwellers but Arrup akiyoshiensis is a troglobiont.

Anarrup is a genus of centipedes in the family Mecistocephalidae, native to Europe and Asia as far as Indonesia. Centipedes in this genus feature a clypeus with areolation and setae limited to a short anterior marginal band; the second maxillae have swollen and densely setose telopodites and a coxosternite divided mid-longitudinally. These centipedes range from 6 cm to 8 cm in length. All species in this genus have 41 leg-bearing segments.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ballophilidae</span> Family of centipedes

Ballophilidae is a monophyletic group of centipedes belonging to the order Geophilomorpha and superfamily Himantarioidea. Authorities now dismiss this group as a family, citing phylogenetic analysis, and instead refer to this clade as Ballophilinae, a possible subfamily within the family Schendylidae. Centipedes in this clade differ from others in the family Schendylidae by having bodies tapered toward the anterior tip, short heads, slender forcipules that are well apart, and an undivided lamina for the female gonopods. Centipedes in this clade are found in most tropical regions.

Queenslandophilus is a genus of soil centipedes in the family Geophilidae. This genus was described by German myriapodologist Karl Wilhelm Verhoeff in 1925. These centipedes are found in Australia, Japan, and North America.

Tuoba is a genus of 17 species of centipedes, in the family Geophilidae. This genus was described by American biologist Ralph Vary Chamberlin in 1920. These centipedes are found in coastal regions and islands in the Mediterranean and in the Atlantic, Pacific, and Indian oceans.

Mecistocephalus is the largest genus of centipedes in the family Mecistocephalidae, with about 140 species. This genus is among the most diverse and widespread of all the genera in the order Geophilomorpha. The British entomologist George Newport first proposed this genus in 1843 to contain a group of centipedes marked by an unusual elongation of the head.

Schendyla is a genus of soil centipedes in the family Schendylidae. These centipedes are found in the west Palearctic region. This genus was described by Danish entomologists Vilhelm Bergsøe and Frederik Vilhelm August Meinert in 1866. This genus now includes more than 20 species.

Pectiniunguis is a genus of centipedes in the family Schendylidae. This genus was described by American naturalist Charles Harvey Bollman in 1889. Centipedes in this genus feature second maxillae with claws fringed by two rows of filaments, transversally elliptical sternal pore-fields on almost all trunk segments, two pores on each coxopleuron, and ultimate legs without claws.

Marsikomerus is a genus of centipedes in the family Schendylidae. It was described by Austrian myriapodologist Carl Attems in 1938. Species in this genus are found in Mexico and in the United States.

Krateraspis is a genus of soil centipedes in the family Mecistocephalidae. Centipedes in this genus are found in Central Asia. This genus contains only two species, K. meinerti, with 45 pairs of legs, and K. sselivanovi, with 53 leg pairs. The species K. sselivanovi is notable for featuring 53 leg pairs without any intraspecific variation. This number of legs is rarely observed in the family Mecistocephalidae and also appears to be the maximum number evidently fixed by species in the class Chilopoda.

Arctogeophilus is a genus of soil centipedes in the family Geophildae. These centipedes are found in subarctic and temperate regions of Asia, North America, and western Europe. The taxon Arctogeophilus was first proposed in 1909 by the Austrian myriapodologist Carl Attems as a subgenus within the genus Geophilus. The French zoologist Henri Ribaut elevated Arctogeophilus to the rank of genus in 1910.

Arctogeophilus glacialis is a species of soil centipede in the family Geophildae. This centipede is found in Russia, Alaska, and Canada. This species was first described in 1909 by the Austrian myriapodologist Carl Attems as the type species for the taxon Arctogeophilus, which was originally described as a subgenus of the genus Geophilus but was elevated to the status of genus in 1910 by the French zoologist Henri Ribaut.

Escaryus molodovae is a species of soil centipede in the family Schendylidae. This centipede is found on Sakhalin island in the Russian Far East. This species is notable for its small size, reaching only 14 mm in length.

Escaryus polygonatus is a species of soil centipede in the family Schendylidae. This centipede is found in the Maritime territory of the Russian Far East. This species was first described in 1973 by the Russian myriapodologist Lidia P. Titova.

Escaryus vitimicus is a species of soil centipede in the family Schendylidae. This centipede is found in the Republic of Buryatia in the Russian Far East. This species was first described in 1973 by the Russian myriapodologist Lidia P. Titova.

Arctogeophilus inopinatus is a species of soil centipede in the family Geophildae. This centipede is found in France and may also be present in Luxembourg. This species is small, measuring only 18 mm in length, and can have either 39 or 41 pairs of legs.

Escaryus hirsutus is a species of soil centipede in the family Schendylidae. This centipede is found on Sakhalin island in the Russian Far East. This species was first described in 1973 by the Russian myriapodologist Lidia P. Titova.

Escaryus dentatus is a species of soil centipede in the family Schendylidae. This centipede is found in the Maritime territory of the Russian Far East. This species was first described in 1973 by the Russian myriapodologist Lidia P. Titova.

References

  1. 1 2 Bonato, L.; Chagas Junior, A.; Edgecombe, G.D.; Lewis, J.G.E.; Minelli, A.; Pereira, L.A.; Shelley, R.M.; Stoev, P.; Zapparoli, M. (2016). "Escaryus Cook & Collins, 1891". ChiloBase 2.0 - A World Catalogue of Centipedes (Chilopoda). Retrieved 2024-06-08.
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Pereira, L.A.; Hoffman, R.L. (1993). "The american species of Escaryus, a genus of holoarctic centipeds (Geophilomorpha: Schendylidae)" (PDF). Jeffersoniana. 3: 1–72.
  3. 1 2 3 4 5 Bonato, Lucio; Edgecombe, Gregory D.; Zapparoli, Marzio (2011). "Chilopoda – Taxonomic overview". In Minelli, Alessandro (ed.). The Myriapoda. Volume 1. Leiden: Brill. pp. 363–443 [439–440]. ISBN   978-90-04-18826-6. OCLC   812207443.
  4. 1 2 Dyachkov, Y.V.; Tuf, I.H. (2018). "New data on the genus Escaryus Cook et Collins, 1891 (Chilopoda: Geophilomorpha: Schendylidae) from Kazakhstan" (PDF). Arthropoda Selecta. 27 (4): 293–299 [293, 295]. doi:10.15298/arthsel.27.4.04.
  5. 1 2 Cook, O. F.; Cook, O. F. (1890). "Notes on some North American Myriapoda of the family Geophilidae with descriptions of three genera". Proceedings of the United States National Museum. 13: 383–396 [391–395]. doi:10.5479/si.00963801.13-837.383 – via Biodiversity Heritage Library.
  6. 1 2 Cook, O. F. (1896). "An arrangement of the Geophilidæ, a family of Chilopoda". Proceedings of the United States National Museum. 18 (1039): 63–75 [70–71]. doi:10.5479/si.00963801.18-1039.63.
  7. ↑ Bonato, L.; Chagas Junior, A.; Edgecombe, G.D.; Lewis, J.G.E.; Minelli, A.; Pereira, L.A.; Shelley, R.M.; Stoev, P.; Zapparoli, M. (2016). "Escaryus phyllophilus Cook & Collins, 1891". ChiloBase 2.0 - A World Catalogue of Centipedes (Chilopoda). Retrieved 2024-06-08.
  8. 1 2 3 4 Dyachkov, Yurii V.; Bonato, Lucio (2024-04-23). "An updated synthesis of the Geophilomorpha (Chilopoda) of Asian Russia". ZooKeys (1198): 17–54 [36–37, 41]. Bibcode:2024ZooK.1198...17D. doi: 10.3897/zookeys.1198.119781 . ISSN   1313-2970. PMC   11061560 . PMID   38693975.
  9. 1 2 3 Bonato, Lucio; Edgecombe, Gregory; Lewis, John; Minelli, Alessandro; Pereira, Luis; Shelley, Rowland; Zapparoli, Marzio (2010-11-18). "A common terminology for the external anatomy of centipedes (Chilopoda)". ZooKeys (69): 17–51. Bibcode:2010ZooK...69...17B. doi: 10.3897/zookeys.69.737 . ISSN   1313-2970. PMC   3088443 . PMID   21594038.
  10. ↑ Titova, L.P. (1973). "New species of the genus Escaryus Cook et Collins (Schendylidae, Chilopoda)". In Ghilarov, M.S. (ed.). Ekologiya pochvennykh bespozvonochnykh (in Russian). Moscow: Nauka Publisher. pp. 94–119 [95].
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