Eucalyptus bigalerita

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Northern salmon gum
Eucalyptus bigalerita halfway rdhouse.jpg
Scientific classification Red Pencil Icon.png
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Rosids
Order: Myrtales
Family: Myrtaceae
Genus: Eucalyptus
Species:
E. bigalerita
Binomial name
Eucalyptus bigalerita
Synonyms [2]

Eucalyptus pastoralisS.Moore

Eucalyptus bigalerita, commonly known as the northern salmon gum, [3] Adelaide River white gum, [4] or poplar gum [5] is a species of tree that is endemic to north-western Australia. It has smooth bark, large triangular to more or less round adult leaves, flower buds in groups of seven, white flowers and conical to hemispherical fruit.

Contents

foliage and bark Eucalyptus bigalerita.jpg
foliage and bark

Description

Eucalyptus bigalerita is a tree that typically grows to a height of 6 to 18 metres (20 to 59 ft) and forms a lignotuber. The bark is smooth on the trunk and branches, pale orange to creamy-pink when newly exposed, fading to grey before it is shed. Leaves on young plants and on coppice regrowth are arranged alternately, dull greyish green, triangular to heart-shaped, 70–180 mm (2.8–7.1 in) long, 65–160 mm (3–6 in) wide and have a petiole. Adult leaves are triangular to more or less round, mostly 90–150 mm (3.5–5.9 in) long, 70–150 mm (3–6 in) wide on a petiole 3–12 mm (0.12–0.47 in) long and usually the same glossy green on both sides. The leaves are often shed during the drier months prior to the wet season. The flower buds are arranged in groups of seven on a peduncle usually 3–12 mm (0.12–0.47 in) long, the individual flowers either sessile or on a pedicel up to 9 mm (0.35 in) long. The mature flower buds are more or less spherical, 6–12 mm (0.24–0.47 in) long, 6–11 mm (0.2–0.4 in) wide with a rounded to shortly beaked operculum. Flowering occurs between June and September and the flowers are white. The fruit is a woody, conical to hemispherical capsule 6–9 mm (0.24–0.35 in) long, 8–12 mm (0.3–0.5 in) wide on a pedicel up to 6 mm (0.24 in) long. [4] [6] [7] [8] [9]

Taxonomy and naming

Eucalyptus bigalerita was first formally described in 1859 by Ferdinand von Mueller and the description was published in the Journal of the Proceedings of the Linnean Society, Botany . [10] The specific epithet (bigalerita) is derived from the Latin words bi meaning "two" or "double" [11] :823 and galeritus meaning "wearing a hood" [11] :183 referring to the double operculum of the flowers of this species - Mueller emphasised "operculo duplici" in his description. [8] [12]

Eucalyptus bigalerita belongs to a small group of species closely related to the red gums. Other members include E. alba , E. platyphylla , E. tintinnans , E. apodophylla and E. houseana . Within the group E. bigalerita is most closely related to E. platyphylla and E. tintinnans and is only weakly separated from both. [6]

Distribution and habitat

The northern salmon gum is found in the north of Western Australia and the Northern Territory. In Western Australia it occurs along watercourses and low-lying flats in the Kimberley region where it grows in alluvium or sandy soils. [7] In the Northern Territory it is found across the Top End, including the Tiwi Islands, the Cobourg Peninsula and as far south as Daly Waters. [6]

Conservation

Eucalyptus bigalerita is classified as "not threatened" by the Western Australian Government Department of Parks and Wildlife. [7]

Use in horticulture

The plant is easily propagated from seed which germinates readily. [4]

See also

Related Research Articles

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<i>Eucalyptus fibrosa</i> Species of eucalyptus

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<i>Eucalyptus leucoxylon</i> Species of plant

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<i>Corymbia polycarpa</i> Species of plant

Corymbia polycarpa, also known as the long-fruited bloodwood or small-flowered bloodwood, is a species of tree that is endemic to northern Australia. Indigenous Australians of different language groups have different names for the tree. The Nungali peoples know the tree as narrga or gunjid, the Mulluk-Mulluk know it as dawart, the Yangman know it as bodog, the Gurindji peoples as jadburru and the Wagiman as jagatjjin. It is a medium-sized tree with rough, tessellated bark on the trunk and branches, lance-shaped to curved adult leaves, flower buds in groups of seven or nine, white or cream-coloured flowers and barrel-shaped fruit.

<i>Eucalyptus todtiana</i> Species of eucalyptus

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<i>Corymbia terminalis</i> Species of plant

Corymbia terminalis, also known as tjuta, joolta, bloodwood, desert bloodwood, plains bloodwood, northern bloodwood, western bloodwood or the inland bloodwood, is a species of small to medium-sized tree, rarely a mallee that is endemic to Australia. It has rough, tessellated bark on some or all of the trunk, sometimes also on the larger branches, smooth white to cream-coloured bark above, lance-shaped adult leaves, flower buds in groups of seven, white flowers and urn-shaped fruit.

Corymbia papuana, commonly known as ghost gum, is a species of evergreen tree native to New Guinea, some Torres Strait Islands and the northern part of the Cape York Peninsula in Australia. It has smooth whitish bark, lance-shaped adult leaves, flower buds in groups of three or seven, creamy white flowers and barrel-shaped or urn-shaped fruit.

<i>Eucalyptus microtheca</i> Species of eucalyptus

Eucalyptus microtheca, commonly known as the coolibah, is a species of tree that is endemic to northern Australia. It has rough, flaky or fibrous bark on the trunk and branches, lance-shaped adult leaves, flower buds in groups of seven, white flowers and spherical to conical fruit. It is widely distributed from the Kimberley region of Western Australia to Cape York in Queensland.

<i>Eucalyptus apodophylla</i> Species of eucalyptus

Eucalyptus apodophylla, commonly known as whitebark, is a small to medium-sized tree that is endemic to northern Australia. It has smooth, powdery white bark, broadly lance-shaped to egg-shaped adult leaves, flower buds in groups of seven, white flowers and hemispherical to conical fruit.

<i>Eucalyptus brachyandra</i> Species of eucalyptus

Eucalyptus brachyandra, commonly known as the tropical red box, is a straggly tree, mallee or shrub and is endemic to north-western Australia. It has rough, fibrous to stringy bark on the trunk and smooth grey to white bark on the smaller branches. Mature trees have elliptic to oblong or egg-shaped leaves, tiny flower buds in groups of three or seven, creamy white flowers and cup-shaped, bell-shaped or urn-shaped fruit. It grows in the Kimberley region of Western Australia and the Top End of the Northern Territory.

<i>Eucalyptus cooperiana</i> Species of eucalyptus

Eucalyptus cooperiana, commonly known as the many-flowered mallee, is a species of mallee that is endemic to an area along the south coast of Western Australia. It is described as being "of striking appearance by reason of its smooth, white bark and acutely angled branchlets". It has lance-shaped adult leaves, flower buds in groups of between nine and thirteen or more, creamy yellow flowers and urn-shaped fruit.

<i>Eucalyptus brevifolia</i> Species of eucalyptus

Eucalyptus brevifolia, commonly known as snappy white gum or northern white gum, is a tree that is endemic to northern Australia. It has smooth, powdery white bark, lance-shaped adult leaves, buds arranged in group of seven, white flowers and cup-shaped or barrel-shaped fruit.

<i>Corymbia confertiflora</i> Species of plant

Corymbia confertiflora, commonly known as the broad-leaved carbeen or the rough leaf cabbage gum, is a species of tree that is endemic to northern Australia. It has rough, tessellated bark near the base of the trunk, smooth white to pale grey bark above, a crown of both intermediate and adult leaves, large numbers of flower buds borne on leafless sections of branchlets in groups of seven, creamy white flowers and cylindrical to barrel-shaped or bell-shaped fruit.

<i>Corymbia foelscheana</i> Species of plant

Corymbia foelscheana, commonly known as the broad-leaved bloodwood, fan-leaved bloodwood or smooth-barked bloodwood, is a species of small tree that is endemic to northern Australia. It has thin, rough, tessellated bark on some or all of the trunk, smooth bark above, broadly egg-shaped to broadly lance- shaped adult leaves, flower buds usually in groups of seven, creamy white flowers and urn-shaped fruit.

<i>Corymbia latifolia</i> Species of plant

Corymbia latifolia, commonly known as the round-leaved bloodwood, round leaf bloodwood, wubam and other names in indigenous languages, is a species of tree that is endemic to northern Australia. It has thin, rough bark over part or all of the trunk, smooth bark above, triangular or broadly egg-shaped adult leaves, flower buds in groups of seven, creamy white flowers and urn-shaped fruit.

Corymbia polysciada, commonly known as the apple gum, paper-fruited bloodwood or bolomin, is a species of tree that is endemic to the Top End of the Northern Territory. It has rough, tessellated bark on some or all or the trunk, smooth bark above, egg-shaped to broadly lance-shaped adult leaves, flower buds in groups of seven, creamy white flowers and cup-shaped, cylindrical or barrel-shaped from on long pedicels.

<i>Eucalyptus cosmophylla</i> Species of plant

Eucalyptus cosmophylla, commonly known as cup gum, bog gum or scrub gum, is a species of small tree or mallee that is endemic to South Australia. It usually has smooth bark and lance-shaped adult leaves, flower buds arranged in groups of three, white flowers and cup-shaped, cylindrical or hemispherical fruit.

<i>Eucalyptus petiolaris</i> Species of plant

Eucalyptus petiolaris, commonly known as Eyre Peninsula blue gum, water gum or blue gum, is a species of small to medium-sized tree that is endemic to South Australia. It is also naturalised in Western Australia. It has rough, flaky bark on the trunk, smooth greyish bark above, lance-shaped adult leaves, flower buds in groups of three, cream-coloured, yellow, pink or red flowers and cup-shaped or barrel-shaped fruit.

<i>Eucalyptus platyphylla</i> Species of eucalyptus

Eucalyptus platyphylla, commonly known as poplar gum or white gum, is a species of medium-sized tree that is endemic to Queensland. It has smooth. powdery bark, heart-shaped, egg-shaped to almost round leaves, flower buds in groups of seven, white flowers and conical to hemispherical fruit.

<i>Eucalyptus tintinnans</i> Species of eucalyptus

Eucalyptus tintinnans, commonly known as the ringing gum or Hills salmon gum, is a small to medium-sized tree that is endemic to the Top End of the Northern Territory. It has smooth, colourful bark, round to triangular leaves, flower buds usually in groups of seven, white flowers and conical to hemispherical fruit.

References

  1. Fensham, R., Collingwood, T. & Laffineur, B. 2019. Eucalyptus bigalerita. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2019: e.T133378131A133378133. https://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T133378131A133378133.en. Downloaded on 20 September 2021.
  2. 1 2 "Eucalyptus bigalerita". Australian Plant Census. Retrieved 19 March 2019.
  3. Philip A. Clarke (2012). Australian plants as Aboriginal Tools. Rosenberg Publishing. ISBN   9781922013576.
  4. 1 2 3 "Eucalyptus bigalerita". Australian Native Plants Society. January 2016. Retrieved 29 April 2017.
  5. Gardner, Charles Austin (1960). "Trees of Western Australia 62. Poplar gum (E. bigalerita F.Muell.)". Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia. 1 (4): 300–303. Retrieved 19 March 2019.
  6. 1 2 3 "Eucalyptus bigalerita F.Muell. Myrtaceae". NT Flora. Northern Territory Government . Retrieved 29 April 2017.
  7. 1 2 3 "Eucalyptus bigalerita". FloraBase . Western Australian Government Department of Parks and Wildlife.
  8. 1 2 "Eucalyptus bigalerita". Euclid: Centre for Australian National Biodiversity Research. Retrieved 19 March 2019.
  9. Chippendale, George M. "Eucalyptus bigalerita". Australian Biological Resources Study, Department of the Environment and Energy, Canberra. Retrieved 19 March 2019.
  10. "Eucalyptus bigalerita". APNI. Retrieved 19 March 2019.
  11. 1 2 Brown, Roland Wilbur (1956). The Composition of Scientific Words. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press.
  12. von Mueller, Ferdinand (1859). "Monograph of the eucalypti of tropical Australia". Journal of the Proceedings of the Linnean Society, Botany. 3: 96. Retrieved 19 March 2019.