Eureka, Nevada

Eureka, Nevada
Unincorporated town & Census-designated places
Nickname:  The Friendliest Town on The Loneliest Road [1]
Eureka Location in the state of Nevada
Coordinates: 39°30′20″N115°57′52″W / 39.50556°N 115.96444°W / 39.50556; -115.96444
Country	United States
State	Nevada
County	Eureka
Area [2]
• Total	1.29 sq mi (3.35 km2)
• Land	1.29 sq mi (3.35 km2)
• Water	0.00 sq mi (0.00 km2)
Elevation [3]	6,674 ft (2,034 m)
Population  (2020)
• Total	414
• Density	320.43/sq mi (123.71/km2)
Time zone	UTC−8 (Pacific (PST))
• Summer (DST)	UTC−7 (PDT)
ZIP code	89316
FIPS code	32-23900
GNIS feature ID	2583922 [3]

Eureka is an unincorporated town and census-designated place in and the county seat of Eureka County, Nevada, United States. ^{[4] [5] [6]} With a population of 414 as of the 2020 United States census, ^[7] it is the second-largest community in Eureka County. Attractions include the Eureka Opera House (built in 1880 and restored in 1993), Raine’s Market and Wildlife Museum (built 1887), the Jackson House Hotel (built 1877), and the Eureka Sentinel Museum (housed in the 1879 Eureka Sentinel Newspaper Building).

Eureka is part of the Elko Micropolitan Statistical Area.

Geography and climate

Eureka is located in the southern part of Eureka County, at 6,481 feet (1,975 m) in the Diamond Mountains, in a draw on the southern end of Diamond Valley, between Antelope and Newark valleys. At the 2018 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates, the population of the census-designated place of Eureka was 480, ^[7] while the total population of Eureka and the surrounding area (Eureka CCD, Eureka County, Nevada) was 1,313. ^[8]

The town is located along the Lincoln Highway / U.S. Route 50, nicknamed "The Loneliest Road in America": aptly named, as the nearest towns along the highway are Austin (70 mi or 110 km west) and Ely (77 mi or 124 km east). The nearest town is Duckwater, 46 mi (74 km) south.

The climate is typical of the Great Basin: hot and dry with cool mornings in the summer with occasional monsoonal thunderstorms from late July through August; cold and relatively dry in the winter. Temperatures drop to 0 °F or −17.8 °C or lower on an average 3.2 mornings during the winter, though in the severe winter of 1916/1917 this happened twenty-five times. They drop to 32 °F or 0 °C on an average 185.5 mornings, though maximum temperatures top freezing on all but 30.8 days during an average winter. During the summer temperatures rise to 90 °F or 32.2 °C or hotter on 12.5 afternoons, though 100 °F or 37.8 °C does not occur annually. However, the hottest temperature was 110 °F or 43.3 °C on July 22, 1904. Snow accumulations vary from 10 to 30 inches (0.25 to 0.76 m) in mild winters to in excess of 80 inches (2.03 m) in more severe years; in the winter of 1906/1907, more than 150 inches or 3.81 metres of snow fell.

The wettest calendar year has been 1941 with 23.86 inches (606.0 mm) and the driest 2020 with 4.18 inches (106.2 mm), whilst May 1917 with 5.73 inches (145.5 mm) has been the wettest single month. The snowiest month has been March 1902 with 54.0 inches or 1.37 metres of fresh snowfall.

Under the Köppen climate classification, Eureka has a cold semi-arid (BSk).

Climate data for Eureka, Nevada, 1991–2020 normals, extremes 1888–present
Month	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec	Year
Record high °F (°C)	65 (18)	65 (18)	75 (24)	87 (31)	95 (35)	100 (38)	110 (43)	105 (41)	109 (43)	100 (38)	81 (27)	64 (18)	110 (43)
Mean maximum °F (°C)	51.3 (10.7)	54.6 (12.6)	64.8 (18.2)	73.1 (22.8)	80.6 (27.0)	88.9 (31.6)	93.6 (34.2)	91.0 (32.8)	85.9 (29.9)	76.9 (24.9)	65.1 (18.4)	53.1 (11.7)	94.2 (34.6)
Mean daily maximum °F (°C)	37.6 (3.1)	40.2 (4.6)	48.4 (9.1)	54.9 (12.7)	64.7 (18.2)	76.7 (24.8)	85.6 (29.8)	84.1 (28.9)	74.7 (23.7)	61.7 (16.5)	47.7 (8.7)	37.3 (2.9)	59.5 (15.2)
Daily mean °F (°C)	27.8 (−2.3)	29.7 (−1.3)	36.4 (2.4)	41.7 (5.4)	50.6 (10.3)	60.6 (15.9)	69.4 (20.8)	68.2 (20.1)	59.4 (15.2)	47.5 (8.6)	36.0 (2.2)	27.3 (−2.6)	46.2 (7.9)
Mean daily minimum °F (°C)	18.0 (−7.8)	19.3 (−7.1)	24.3 (−4.3)	28.6 (−1.9)	36.4 (2.4)	44.4 (6.9)	53.2 (11.8)	52.3 (11.3)	44.1 (6.7)	33.3 (0.7)	24.3 (−4.3)	17.3 (−8.2)	33.0 (0.5)
Mean minimum °F (°C)	0.4 (−17.6)	3.3 (−15.9)	10.1 (−12.2)	16.7 (−8.5)	24.5 (−4.2)	32.0 (0.0)	43.8 (6.6)	42.6 (5.9)	31.4 (−0.3)	17.9 (−7.8)	6.8 (−14.0)	0.2 (−17.7)	−4.5 (−20.3)
Record low °F (°C)	−26 (−32)	−23 (−31)	−10 (−23)	5 (−15)	10 (−12)	11 (−12)	29 (−2)	30 (−1)	5 (−15)	0 (−18)	−10 (−23)	−21 (−29)	−26 (−32)
Average precipitation inches (mm)	0.85 (22)	1.28 (33)	1.34 (34)	1.36 (35)	1.18 (30)	0.49 (12)	0.46 (12)	0.64 (16)	0.78 (20)	0.83 (21)	0.79 (20)	0.86 (22)	10.86 (277)
Average snowfall inches (cm)	8.8 (22)	11.9 (30)	7.4 (19)	4.5 (11)	0.8 (2.0)	0.0 (0.0)	0.0 (0.0)	0.0 (0.0)	0.1 (0.25)	0.6 (1.5)	3.4 (8.6)	9.8 (25)	47.3 (119.35)
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.01 in)	5.9	5.9	5.8	6.4	5.4	2.3	2.7	3.1	3.1	3.5	4.6	6.4	55.1
Average snowy days (≥ 0.1 in)	2.8	2.4	1.7	1.4	0.5	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.1	0.3	1.5	3.3	14.0
Source 1: NOAA [9]
Source 2: National Weather Service [10]

History

The historic Jackson House Hotel, built 1877

The historic Richmond Mine, one of the two major lead-silver mines in Eureka

The town was first settled in 1864 by a group of silver prospectors from nearby Austin, who discovered rock containing a silver-lead ore on nearby Prospect Peak. According to tradition, the town was named from an incident when a prospector exclaimed "Eureka!" when he discovered deposits of silver ore. ^[11] The town became the county seat in 1873, when Eureka County was carved out of adjacent Lander, Elko, and White Pine counties.

Mining, especially for lead, was the town's economic mainstay, ^[12] as the nearby hillsides ranked as Nevada's second-richest mineral producer, behind western Nevada's Comstock Lode. Two of the largest concerns in Eureka were the Richmond Mining Company and the Eureka Mining Company. These two companies often collided, and in one instance, their litigation reached the U.S Supreme Court. ^[13] The population boomed, reaching a high of 10,000 by 1878, but shrank as decreasing mine production and changing market conditions led to the closing of mines.

The town was serviced by the narrow gauge Eureka and Palisade Railroad from 1873 to 1938.

Demographics

Historical population

Census	Pop.	Note	%±
2020	414		—
U.S. Decennial Census [14]

Public services

Eureka is served by an all-volunteer fire department, which provides fire protection, rescue, and vehicle rescue services for Eureka and the surrounding areas. In 2009 a new brick and steel fire house was built on Main Street in Eureka. At the time of its building it was the second largest fire house in the state. In addition to being a modern fire fighting facility, it contains a museum of Eureka fire department equipment and vehicles dating back to the 1870s. The fire-museum may be viewed through the large glass windows, or a tour may be taken by contacting a local fireman.

Eureka boasts three parks, a modern enclosed swimming facility, two baseball fields, a track, and football field.

The 1880s Eureka Opera House was re-modeled in recent times and regularly schedules performers. ^[15]

The 1876 Eureka Court House is both historic and modern. It stands as the functioning governmental and legal center of Eureka County.

Education

Eureka County School District is the local school district.

Eureka has a public library, a branch of the Elko-Lander-Eureka County Library System. ^[16]

Transportation

• Eureka Airport

Notable people

• John Cradlebaugh, first delegate to the U.S. House of Representatives from Nevada Territory ^[17]
• Warren J. Ferguson, who served on the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit
• Antonio Mendez, CIA operative, who orchestrated the smuggling of six US hostages out of Iran.

Gallery

• 
  Welcome
• 
  A view of Eureka
• 
  Parade 2006
• 
  Ore chutes in 1871
• 
  Eureka Consolidated smelter, ca. 1880
• 
  Old Hooper Garage in 1940

References

1. "The Loneliest Road In America Comes Of Age – Nevada Magazine". Nevada Magazine –. January 11, 2016. Retrieved August 27, 2022.
2. "ArcGIS REST Services Directory". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved September 19, 2022.
3. U.S. Geological Survey Geographic Names Information System: Eureka, Nevada
4. "Eureka County Code - Title 12- Town of Eureka" (PDF). Eureka County. Retrieved October 16, 2017.
5. "Find a County". National Association of Counties. Archived from the original on May 31, 2011. Retrieved June 7, 2011.
6. Lambert Molinelli & Co (1982). Eureka and its resources: a complete history of Eureka County, Nevada, containing the United States mining laws, the mining laws of the district, bullion product and other statistics for 1878, and a list of county officers. Reno, Nev.: University of Nevada Press. ISBN   978-0-87417-069-6. LCCN   82004948. OCLC   8346713. Reprint. Originally published: San Francisco : H. Keller, 1879.
7. "Census Geography Profile". U.S. Census Bureau. Retrieved March 11, 2024.
8. "Census Search result". U.S. Census Bureau. Retrieved April 10, 2020.
9. "U.S. Climate Normals Quick Access". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved September 13, 2022.
10. "NOAA Online Weather Data". National Weather Service. Retrieved September 13, 2022.
11. Federal Writers' Project (1941). Origin of Place Names: Nevada (PDF). W.P.A. p. 34.
12. "Eureka, Nevada". Western Mining History. Retrieved March 18, 2012.
13. "Richmond Mining Co. v. Eureka Mining Co., 103 U.S. 839 (1880)". Justia Law. Retrieved September 9, 2021.
14. "Census of Population and Housing". Census.gov. Retrieved June 4, 2016.
15. "Eureka Opera House". Eureka County, Nevada -- Official Home Page. Retrieved March 18, 2012.
16. "Nevada Public Libraries". PublicLibraries.com. Retrieved June 14, 2019.
17. Biographical Directory of the United States Congress

• United States portal
• Nevada portal

External links

• Website for the town of Eureka, Nevada Archived 2020-02-12 at the Wayback Machine
• JB Monaco Eureka Photo Gallery
• Eureka Self-Guiding Tour; link contains many modern and historical photographs of existing buildings, and historical tales of the area
• Eureka, Nevada at Western Mining History
• Areddy, James T. (December 28, 2012). "In Nevada, a Chinese King of the Hill". Wall Street Journal. ISSN   0099-9660 . Retrieved September 9, 2021. $1.3 billion plan for moly mine at Mt. Hope