Battle Mountain, Nevada

Last updated
Battle Mountain, Nevada
Unincorporated town
2014-05-31 15 06 46 View east along Nevada State Route 304 at Nevada State Route 305 in Battle Mountain, Nevada.JPG
Front Street in downtown Battle Mountain
Lander County Nevada Incorporated and Unincorporated areas Battle Mountain Highlighted.svg
Location of Battle Mountain, Nevada
Coordinates: 40°37′25″N116°57′12″W / 40.62361°N 116.95333°W / 40.62361; -116.95333
CountryUnited States
State Nevada
County Lander
Area
[1]
 • Total6.12 sq mi (15.84 km2)
 • Land6.11 sq mi (15.83 km2)
 • Water0.01 sq mi (0.01 km2)
Elevation
[2]
4,521 ft (1,378 m)
Population
 (2020)
 • Total3,705
 • Density606.09/sq mi (234.02/km2)
Time zone UTC−8 (Pacific (PST))
 • Summer (DST) UTC−7 (PDT)
ZIP code
89820
Area code 775
FIPS code 32-04900
GNIS feature ID2407804 [2]
Reference no.95

Battle Mountain is an unincorporated town in, and the county seat of, Lander County, Nevada, United States. [3] [4] The population was 3,705 at the 2020 census. Its primary economic base is gold mining and, to a lesser extent, legalized gambling.

Contents

The town is located on Interstate 80 between Winnemucca and Elko.

History

The Battle Mountain area was home to the Northern Paiute and Shoshone peoples. The area was noted by fur trappers in the 1820s and '30s. It served as a waypoint for westward-bound travel on the Emigrant Trail along the Humboldt River by 1845. According to local legend, the name stems from confrontations between Native Americans and early settlers during the 1850s. [5]

When copper ore was discovered and mining began in 1866, the Central Pacific Railroad started a station in Argenta to support the mining activity. In 1868, the railroad established the Reese River siding in Battle Mountain to support it, but in 1870, the railroad moved the Argenta station to Battle Mountain [6] and established a townsite to serve the Battle Mountain copper and gold mining district. [7] [ better source needed ] Two railroads headquartered there starting in 1890: the Central Nevada Railway and the Battle Mountain and Lewis Railroad. [6] As of 2009, the railway is still in use. [5]

In 1874, the Nevada Legislature overrode the governor's veto and approved a railroad from Austin to Battle Mountain. The Nevada Central Railroad from Battle Mountain to Austin was completed in 1880. The rail line was constructed to connect the silver mines around Austin to the Central Pacific line at Battle Mountain. The rail line served the Austin area until it was abandoned in 1938. [8]

Ulysses S. Grant spoke in the town in 1879 during his western speaking tour.[ citation needed ]

President Woodrow Wilson established Battle Mountain Indian Colony by executive order in 1918. [9] In 1919, Nevada's Red Scare Miners held a ten-day strike at the Battle Mountain Copper Mines.[ citation needed ]

On May 15, 1979, the voters of Lander County approved the move of the county seat from Austin to Battle Mountain in a special election. In a subsequent ruling, the Nevada Supreme Court affirmed this decision. [10]

Chiefs Frank Temoke and Frank Brady refused the government's offer of a payoff under the 1863 Treaty of Ruby Valley at Battle Mountain on December 11, 1992.[ citation needed ]

The 2008 Wells, Nevada, earthquake of 6.3 magnitude that affected the northeastern part of the state severely damaged one of the city's oldest historical buildings, the Lemaire Building, which was condemned.[ citation needed ]

Geography

The Humboldt River in Battle Mountain 2014-05-31 15 23 35 View down the Humboldt River from Nevada State Route 806 in Battle Mountain, Nevada.JPG
The Humboldt River in Battle Mountain

Battle Mountain is located at the confluence of two rivers, the Humboldt and the Reese. The town is in the Humboldt valley between the Shoshone Range to the southeast, the Battle Mountains to the southwest and the Sheep Creek Range across the Humboldt to the north.

According to the United States Census Bureau, the community has a total area of 3.6 square miles or 9.3 square kilometres, all land. [11]

Geology

Copper mining started in 1866 and the Copper Canyon Mine operated from 1917 until 1955. The Tomboy-Minnie ore deposits were developed after the depletion of the West ore body, which was developed after the depletion of the East ore body. Open-pit mining started in 1967. Placer gold was discovered in 1912. Mining switched from the copper-gold-silver ores to gold-silver ores in 1979. The Fortitude gold-silver skarn body was discovered in 1981. The Surprise gold deposit was discovered in 1986. [12]

The economic geologic zone is primarily in the Antler Sequence, consisting of the Middle Pennsylvanian Battle Formation, the Pennsylvanian to Permian Antler Peak Limestone, and the Permian Edna Mountain Formation. These Paleozoic rocks were intruded in the Tertiary by a granodiorite porphyry which generated the ore bodies as zones of disseminated sulfide minerals. These zones include copper-gold-silver next to the granodiorite, followed by a gold-silver zone, then a lead-zinc-silver zone. [12]

Battle Mountain meteorite

A meteorite fall was reported on 22 Aug 2012 on Battle Mountain at coordinates 40°40′05″N117°11′21″W / 40.66813°N 117.18913°W / 40.66813; -117.18913 . It was classified as an ordinary chondrite, [13] and a 1.4-pound (630-gram) fragment was sent to NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory for analysis. [14]

Climate

Battle Mountain's climate is cool semi-arid (Köppen climate classification BSk), receiving just enough precipitation to avoid arid classification. Due to aridity and high elevation, the area commonly experiences large diurnal temperature variation, particularly in summer, when it averages almost 45 °F or 25 °C. The monthly daily average temperature ranges from 29.8 °F or −1.2 °C in January to 73.6 °F or 23.1 °C in July. There are, on average, fourteen afternoons of 100 °F or 37.8 °C or hotter maxima, 74 afternoons of 90 °F or 32.2 °C or hotter maxima, eleven afternoons where the high does not rise above freezing, and seven mornings falling to or below 0 °F or −17.8 °C annually; the average window for freezing temperatures is September 16 to May 29. [15] By far the coldest recorded month has been January 1949, with a mean of 4.6 °F (−15.2 °C) and a mean minimum of −12.0 °F (−24.4 °C) – between January 2 and February 3, the temperature did not reach freezing, whereas during the winter of 2011/2012 every single day topped freezing. The hottest month has been July 2013, with a mean of 79.9 °F (26.6 °C) and a mean maximum of 100.1 °F (37.8 °C), although July 2007's maximum was even hotter at 100.8 °F (38.2 °C).

With a period of record only dating back to 1944, extremes range from −39 °F (−39.4 °C) on December 22, 1990, up to 112 °F (44.4 °C) on July 12, 2002.

The mean seasonal snowfall of 19.1 inches or 0.49 metres on average occurs from November 25 to April 2, with half the annual snow falling during December and January alone. The snowiest season has been from July 1992 to June 1993, with a total of 53.2 inches (1.35 m), whereas only 2.2 inches or 0.06 metres fell from July 2014 and June 2015. Total seasonal precipitation has ranged from 15.87 inches or 403.1 millimetres between July 1997 and June 1998, down to only 2.97 inches or 75.4 millimetres between July 1958 and June 1959.

Climate data for Battle Mountain 4 SE, Nevada (1971 to 2000)
MonthJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDecYear
Record high °F (°C)67
(19)		72
(22)		80
(27)		90
(32)		97
(36)		104
(40)		109
(43)		106
(41)		102
(39)		95
(35)		80
(27)		67
(19)		109
(43)
Mean daily maximum °F (°C)42.8
(6.0)		50.0
(10.0)		57.7
(14.3)		65.3
(18.5)		74.6
(23.7)		85.9
(29.9)		95.8
(35.4)		94.6
(34.8)		84.4
(29.1)		70.9
(21.6)		53.5
(11.9)		43.6
(6.4)		68.3
(20.2)
Mean daily minimum °F (°C)16.8
(−8.4)		22.2
(−5.4)		27.1
(−2.7)		30.9
(−0.6)		38.9
(3.8)		45.8
(7.7)		51.4
(10.8)		48.8
(9.3)		40.3
(4.6)		30.2
(−1.0)		23.1
(−4.9)		16.1
(−8.8)		32.6
(0.3)
Record low °F (°C)−35
(−37)		−25
(−32)		−3
(−19)		8
(−13)		14
(−10)		24
(−4)		31
(−1)		28
(−2)		11
(−12)		3
(−16)		−9
(−23)		−39
(−39)		−39
(−39)
Average precipitation inches (mm)0.86
(22)		0.68
(17)		0.85
(22)		0.91
(23)		1.30
(33)		0.77
(20)		0.28
(7.1)		0.34
(8.6)		0.68
(17)		0.67
(17)		0.71
(18)		0.72
(18)		8.77
(222.7)
Average snowfall inches (cm)5.4
(14)		3.1
(7.9)		2.3
(5.8)		1.3
(3.3)		0.1
(0.25)		trace0.0
(0.0)		0.0
(0.0)		trace0.4
(1.0)		1.9
(4.8)		4.6
(12)		19.1
(49)
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.01 in)7.17.07.57.17.54.72.32.73.64.36.66.266.6
Average snowy days (≥ 0.1 in)3.22.31.60.90.10.00.00.00.00.21.52.412.2
Source 1: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration [16]
Source 2: National Weather Service, Elko [15]

Demographics

Historical population
CensusPop.Note%±
2020 3,705—
U.S. Decennial Census [17]

The 2020 census [18] showed the Battle Mountain CDP to have a population of 3,705 people, up from 3,635 in 2010.

As of the census [19] of 2000, there were 2,871 people, 1,053 households, and 731 families residing in the census-designated place (CDP) of Battle Mountain. The population density was 1,588.3 inhabitants per square mile (613.2/km2). There were 1,455 housing units at an average density of 804.9 per square mile (310.8/km2). The racial makeup of the CDP was 81.30% White, 0.14% African American, 2.54% Native American, 0.49% Asian, 0.03% Pacific Islander, 11.81% from other races, and 3.69% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 23.58% of the population.

There were 1,053 households, out of which 41.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 54.6% were married couples living together, 9.9% had a female householder with no husband present, and 30.5% were non-families. 25.2% of all households were made up of individuals, and 4.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.71 and the average family size was 3.28.

In the CDP the population was spread out, with 33.8% under the age of 18, 8.1% from 18 to 24, 29.0% from 25 to 44, 22.4% from 45 to 64, and 6.7% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 32 years. For every 100 females, there were 104.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 104.4 males.

The median income for a household in the CDP was $42,981, and the median income for a family was $50,995. Males had a median income of $45,313 versus $25,417 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $16,975. About 7.8% of families and 11.8% of the population were below the poverty line, including 14.1% of those under age 18 and 20.0% of those age 65 or over.

Arts and culture

Battle Mountain has a public library, a branch of the Elko-Lander-Eureka County Library System. [20]

Sports

Battle Mountain hosts an annual bike race on a long, straight, flat stretch of Highway 305 just outside town. The event draws teams from all over the world as they attempt to build and pedal the fastest bicycles on earth. The event is known as the "World Human Powered Speed Challenge". [21]

On September 16, 2016, Todd Reichert became "the fastest man alive" by pedaling a streamlined bicycle at 89.59 mph (144.18 km/h) over a 200-metre (660 ft) distance at the end of a 5-mile (8.0 km) run. [22] Reichert had an excellent week, setting five new records and smashing the previous 83.13 mph (133.78 km/h) record set by Sebastiaan Bowier on September 14, 2013. Previously, Sam Whittingham's record run in 2009 won the decimach prize for going one tenth the speed of sound (with adjustments for slope and elevation). [23]

In 2019, Ilona Peltier, a French woman, became "the fastest woman alive" by setting the world woman's bicycle speed record at 78.61 mph (126.51 km/h). [24]

Also annually held on the same stretch of road is the "Pony Express", [25] an open road event from Battle Mountain to Austin and back. It is the longest open road race in the country, averaging a total of 130 miles (210 km). The race consists of vehicles ranging from 1960s-era muscle cars to the most modern sports cars.

Education

Public education in Battle Mountain is administered by Lander County School District, which operates Battle Mountain High School.

Infrastructure

Transportation

I-80 in Battle Mountain 2014-05-31 15 48 29 View east along Interstate 80 from the Exit 229 overpass in Battle Mountain, Nevada.JPG
I-80 in Battle Mountain

Battle Mountain is located along Interstate 80, approximately halfway between Reno, and Salt Lake City, Utah.

Battle Mountain is the starting point of Nevada State Route 305, which heads southward to Austin.

The Union Pacific Railroad line runs through Battle Mountain.

The historic narrow-gauge Nevada Central Railroad line ran from Battle Mountain to Austin, but has long been defunct.

Battle Mountain Airport (IATA: BAM, ICAO: KBAM, FAA LID: BAM), also known as Lander County Airport, is a public-use airport located 3 mi (4.8 km) southeast of the central business district of Battle Mountain. This general aviation airport is owned by Lander County and operated by the Battle Mountain Airport Authority.

Notable people

National recognition

In December 2001, The Washington Post published an article by Gene Weingarten titled "Why Not The Worst?" that popularly titled Battle Mountain as the "Armpit of America". [26] The town used the unofficial title as a publicity opportunity, and hosted an annual "Armpit Festival" from 2002–2005, which was sponsored by Old Spice and awarded deodorant-themed prizes to participants. [27]

On January 2, 2009, The New York Times released an article titled "A Nevada Town Escapes the Slump, Thanks to Gold". [28] The article regards the national economic depression and discusses Battle Mountain's economy.

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ajo, Arizona</span> Community in Pima County, Arizona

Ajo is an unincorporated community in Pima County, Arizona, United States. It is the closest community to Organ Pipe Cactus National Monument. The population was 3,039 at the 2020 census. Ajo is located on State Route 85 just 43 miles (69 km) from the Mexican border.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Superior, Arizona</span> Town in Pinal County, Arizona

Superior is a town in Pinal County, Arizona, United States. Superior, which is in northern Pinal County, is the oldest town in that county. According to the 2020 census, the population of the town was 2,407. Superior was founded as a mining town for the Silver King and the later Magma mines; silver was mined at first, and then transitioned to copper. Currently, exploitation of the huge Resolution Copper deposit is being explored.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Dewey–Humboldt, Arizona</span> Town in Yavapai County, Arizona

Dewey–Humboldt is a town in Yavapai County, Arizona, United States. The population of the town was 3,894 according to the 2010 census. The Dewey–Humboldt area was a census-designated place (CDP) at the 2000 census, at which time its population was 3,453.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">McDermitt, Nevada and Oregon</span> Unincorporated community in the state of Nevada, United States

McDermitt is an unincorporated community straddling the Nevada–Oregon border, in Humboldt County, Nevada, and Malheur County, Oregon, United States. McDermitt's economy has historically been based on mining, ranching, and farming. The last mining operation closed in 1990, resulting in a steady decline in population.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Beatty, Nevada</span> Unincorporated town in Nevada, United States

Beatty is an unincorporated town along the Amargosa River in Nye County, Nevada, United States. U.S. Route 95 runs through the town, which lies between Tonopah, about 90 miles (140 km) to the north and Las Vegas, about 120 miles (190 km) to the southeast. State Route 374 connects Beatty to Death Valley National Park, about 8 miles (13 km) to the west.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Tonopah, Nevada</span> Unincorporated town in the state of Nevada, United States

Tonopah is an unincorporated town in and the county seat of Nye County, Nevada, United States. Nicknamed the Queen of the Silver Camps for its mining-rich history, it is now primarily a tourism-based resort city, notable for attractions like the Mizpah Hotel and the Clown Motel.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ely, Nevada</span> City in Nevada, United States

Ely is the largest city and county seat of White Pine County, Nevada, United States. Ely was founded as a stagecoach station along the Pony Express and Central Overland Route. In 1906 copper was discovered. Ely's mining boom came later than the other towns along US 50. The railroads connecting the transcontinental railroad to the mines in Austin, Nevada and Eureka, Nevada have long been removed, but the railroad to Ely is preserved as a heritage railway by the Nevada Northern Railway and known as the Ghost Train of Old Ely. As of the 2020 census, the population was 3,924.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Goldfield, Nevada</span> Place in Esmeralda County, Nevada

Goldfield is an unincorporated town and census-designated place and the county seat of Esmeralda County, Nevada.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Eureka, Nevada</span> Unincorporated town in the State of Nevada, United States

Eureka is an unincorporated town and census-designated place in and the county seat of Eureka County, Nevada, United States. With a population of 414 as of the 2020 United States census, it is the second-largest community in Eureka County. Attractions include the Eureka Opera House, Raine’s Market and Wildlife Museum, the Jackson House Hotel, and the Eureka Sentinel Museum.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Austin, Nevada</span> Unincorporated town in the State of Nevada, United States

Austin is an unincorporated small town in, and former county seat of, Lander County, Nevada, United States. In 2020, the census-designated place of Austin had a population of 167. It is located on the western slopes of the Toiyabe Range at an elevation of 6,575 feet (2,004 m). U.S. Route 50 passes through the town.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Rhyolite, Nevada</span> Ghost town in Nevada, United States

Rhyolite is a ghost town in Nye County, in the U.S. state of Nevada. It is in the Bullfrog Hills, about 120 miles (190 km) northwest of Las Vegas, near the eastern boundary of Death Valley National Park.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Nevada Central Railroad</span> Narrow gauge railroad between Battle Mountain and Austin, Nevada

The Nevada Central Railroad was a 3 ft narrow gauge railroad completed in 1880 between Battle Mountain and Austin, Nevada. The railroad was constructed to connect Austin, the center of a rich silver mining area, with the Southern Pacific transcontinental railroad, at Battle Mountain.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Nevada State Route 305</span> Highway in Nevada

State Route 305 is a state highway in Lander County, Nevada. It is the only state highway to connect the southern and northern areas of the county. It runs north from U.S. Route 50 at Austin to Battle Mountain, where it crosses Interstate 80 and ends at State Route 304.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Copper mining in the United States</span>

In the United States, copper mining has been a major industry since the rise of the northern Michigan copper district in the 1840s. In 2017, the US produced 1.27 million metric tonnes of copper, worth $8 billion, making it the world's fourth largest copper producer, after Chile, China, and Peru. Copper was produced from 23 mines in the US. Top copper producing states in 2014 were Arizona, Utah, New Mexico, Nevada, and Montana. Minor production also came from Idaho and Missouri. As of 2014, the US had 45 million tonnes of known remaining reserves of copper, the fifth largest known copper reserves in the world, after Chile, Australia, Peru, and Mexico.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Silver mining in the United States</span>

Silver mining in the United States began on a major scale with the discovery of the Comstock Lode in Nevada in 1858. The industry suffered greatly from the demonetization of silver in 1873 by the Coinage Act of 1873, known pejoratively as the "Crime of 73", but silver mining continues today.

Silver mining in Nevada, a state of the United States, began in 1858 with the discovery of the Comstock Lode, the first major silver-mining district in the United States. Nevada calls itself the "Silver State." Nevada is the nation's second-largest producer of silver, after Alaska. In 2014 Nevada produced 10.93 million troy ounces of silver, of which 6.74 million ounces were as a byproduct of the mining of gold. The largest byproducers were the Hycroft Mine, the Phoenix Mine, the Midas Mine and Round Mountain.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Gold mining in Nevada</span> Overview of gold mining in Nevada

Gold mining in Nevada, a state of the United States, is a major industry, and one of the largest sources of gold in the world. In 2018 Nevada produced 5,581,160 troy ounces, representing 78% of US gold and 5.0% of the world's production. Total gold production recorded from Nevada from 1835 to 2017 totals 205,931,000 troy ounces (6,405.2 t), worth US$322.6 billion at 2020 values. Much of Nevada's gold production comes from large open pit mining using heap leaching recovery.

Cortez Gold Mine is a large gold mining and processing facility in Lander and Eureka County, Nevada, United States, located approximately 63 miles (100 km) southwest of Elko. It is owned as a joint venture between Barrick Gold Corporation (61.5%) and Newmont Corporation (38.5%), operated by Barrick, and comprises the Pipeline, Crossroads, and Cortez Hills open pit mines; and the Cortez Hills underground mine. Ore from the mines is treated at an oxide mill at the site and on leach pads, while refractory ore is shipped to Barrick’s Goldstrike operation for processing.

Poeville, also known as Peavine until 1863, is the site of a historical mining town, established in 1864. John Poe, a professional promoter from Michigan allegedly related to Edgar Allan Poe, discovered rich gold and silver veins in 1862 on the slopes of Peavine Mountain. After the discovery of ore, Poe announced that the veins comprised the next Comstock Lode; he presented extracted ore at the state fair of 1864 as rich in content. As a result, the former mining camp, called Poe City (Poeville) or Podunk (Poedunk), grew to 200 people by 1864. Ore production in the mining district and population peaked around 1873-1874 with several hundred people living in town, supported by three hotels and a post office. The post office, named "Poeville", operated between September 1, 1874, and March 24, 1878. As of 2010 the population of the community is 0.

The Battle Mountains or Battle Mountain Range is a mountain range in western Lander and southeastern Humboldt counties of Nevada. The communities of Battle Mountain and Valmy lie just to the east and north respectively along Interstate 80 in the Humboldt River valley. Nevada State Route 305 runs along the southeast side of the range from Battle Mountain toward Austin to the south.

References

  1. ↑ "ArcGIS REST Services Directory". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved September 19, 2022.
  2. 1 2 U.S. Geological Survey Geographic Names Information System: Battle Mountain, Nevada
  3. ↑ "Lander County Code of Ordinances - Appendix I - Battle Mountain Town Boundary". Municode. Retrieved 2017-10-15.
  4. ↑ "Find a County". National Association of Counties. Archived from the original on 2012-07-12. Retrieved 2011-06-07.
  5. 1 2 Battle Mountain Community. Lander County Online Government. 2015. Accessed: November 7, 2021.
  6. 1 2 "Battle Mountain". Nevada State Historic Preservation Office. State of Nevada. Retrieved 8 February 2024.
  7. ↑ About Battle Mountain [ permanent dead link ]
  8. ↑ Michael Brown, Nevada Central Narrow Gauge, in Narrow Gauge and Short Lines Railroads of the West Archived 2011-07-18 at the Wayback Machine
  9. ↑ Executive orders for establishment of Battle Mountain and Winnemucca Indian Colonies, 1918, 2013-10_3_11_13, Box: 42, Folder: 27. Western Shoshone Defense Project Records, 2013-10. University of Nevada, Reno. Special Collections Department. https://archive.library.unr.edu/public/repositories/2/archival_objects/151045 Accessed July 02, 2023.
  10. ↑ Cirac v. Lander County(Supreme Court of Nevada.1979)("we conclude that respondent board was within its legal authority to call the election and that there was no basis for relief"), Text .
  11. ↑ "Geographic Identifiers: 2010 Demographic Profile Data (G001): Battle Mountain CDP, Nevada". U.S. Census Bureau, American Factfinder. Archived from the original on February 12, 2020. Retrieved January 25, 2013.
  12. 1 2 Ted G. Theodore; Stephen S. Howe & David W. Blake (1990). The Tomboy-Minnie Gold Deposits at Copper Canyon, Lander County, Nevada in USGS Bulletin 1857 Gold in Copper Porphyry Copper Systems. United States Government Printing Office. p. E43-E55.
  13. ↑ Battle Mountain meteorite, The Meteoritical Society
  14. ↑ NASA/Jet Propulsion Laboratory (2012, October 12). Meteorite hunters: How to hunt a space rock. ScienceDaily. Retrieved October 13, 2012, from http://www.sciencedaily.com /releases/2012/10
  15. 1 2 "NowData – NOAA Online Weather Data". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration . Retrieved 2013-06-25.
  16. ↑ Climatography of the United States No. 20: 1971–2000; Battle Mountain 4 SE, NV
  17. ↑ "Census of Population and Housing". Census.gov. Retrieved June 4, 2016.
  18. ↑ "Search Results".
  19. ↑ "U.S. Census website". United States Census Bureau . Retrieved 2008-01-31.
  20. ↑ "Nevada Public Libraries". PublicLibraries.com. Retrieved 14 June 2019.
  21. ↑ The Recumbent Bicycle and Human Powered Vehicle Information Center Archived March 10, 2008, at the Wayback Machine . Wisil.recumbents.com. Retrieved on 2013-07-21.
  22. ↑ Human Powered Vehicle Information Center Official Speed Records
  23. ↑ The Recumbent Bicycle and Human Powered Vehicle Information Center Archived September 27, 2008, at the Wayback Machine . Recumbents.com. Retrieved on 2013-07-21.
  24. ↑ "New Records at WHPSC 2019". ihpva.org. 24 September 2019. Retrieved 27 September 2019.
  25. ↑ Pony Express 130 – Event History & Coverage – Popular Hot Rodding Magazine Archived 2008-08-21 at the Wayback Machine . Popularhotrodding.com. Retrieved on 2013-07-21.
  26. ↑ Why Not The Worst?. Washingtonpost.com (2006-11-28). Retrieved on 2013-07-21.
  27. ↑ Armpit Festival: Old Spice sponsored-event draws big crowd. Elkodaily.com (2003-08-17). Retrieved on 2013-07-21.
  28. ↑ "A Nevada Town Escapes the Slump, Thanks to Gold (Published 2009)". The New York Times . Archived from the original on 2022-11-26.
This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.