GHB or gamma-Hydroxybutyric acid is a naturally-occurring neurotransmitter and a psychoactive drug.
Assyrians are an ethnic group indigenous to the Middle East. Some self-identify as Syriacs, Chaldeans, or Arameans. They are speakers of the Neo-Aramaic branch of Semitic languages as well as the primary languages in their countries of residence. Modern Assyrians are Syriac Christians who claim descent from Assyria, one of the oldest civilizations in the world, dating back to 2500 BC in ancient Mesopotamia.
The Assyrian Democratic Movement, popularly known as Zowaa, is an Assyrian political party situated in Iraq, and one of the main Assyrian parties within the Iraqi parliament. The Assyrian Democratic Movement states its aims are to establish equal citizenship rights with the rest of the Iraqi people without discrimination on the basis of nationality, belief, religious affiliation, culture, linguistics and other characteristics of the native Chaldo-Assyrian Syriac people of Iraq, to acknowledge the past massacres committed against them and to ensure they are never repeated again.
The Bet-Nahrain Democratic Party, usually abbreviated as BNDP is an Assyrian political party in Iraq led by Romeo Nissan Hakkari. One of the party's goals is to create an autonomous Assyrian Administrative Region within the Assyrian homeland.
Assyrians in Syria are an ethnic and linguistic minority that are indigenous to northeast Syria. Syrian-Assyrians are people of Assyrian descent living in Syria, and those in the Assyrian diaspora who are of Syrian-Assyrian heritage.
The Bethnahrin National Council or Mesopotamia National Council, formerly the Bethnahrin Freedom Party and the Patriotic Revolutionary Organization of Bethnahrin is a militant socialist Assyrian-Syriac party in the Dawronoye movement, whose stated goal is autonomy for Assyrian-Syriac people, either as an independent state or some other structure, in Bethnahrin, the Assyrian homeland. The organization is allied with multiple parties within the Kurdistan Communities Union (KCK), including the Kurdistan Workers Party (PKK) and the Syrian Democratic Union Party (PYD).
Assyrians/Syriacs in Sweden are citizens and residents of Sweden who are of Assyrian/Syriac descent. There are approximately 150,000 Assyro-Syriacs in Sweden.
Suroyo TV is an Assyrian/Chaldean/Syriac satellite television channel. Suroyo TV broadcasts from their studios in Södertälje, Sweden. Suroyo TV is a voice for the Assyrian/Chaldean/Syriac people and their cultural heritage, history and language, as such affiliated with the secular, leftist nationalist Dawronoye movement. The channel is mainly transmitted in Turoyo/Western Syriac and Arabic but they also have some content in Eastern Syriac, Swedish, English, and Turkish.
Assyrian nationalism is a movement of the Assyrian people that advocates for independence or autonomy within the regions they inhabit in northern Iraq, northeastern Syria, northwestern Iran, and southeastern Turkey.
World Council of Arameans (Syriacs), previously known as the Syriac Universal Alliance, is an international non-government umbrella organization, whose membership is consisted of several national associations, representing Arameans from various countries around the world. Position of the SUA/WCA president is regarded as representative within Aramean/Syriac community. Since 2009, the organization is presided by Johny Messo.
Assyrian politics in Iraq have been taking many different turns since the US invasion of Iraq in 2003. Today, there are many different Assyrian political parties in Iraq. The main Assyrian party that came out from the 2005 elections was the Assyrian Democratic Movement. However, Sarkis Aghajan began to challenge its power beginning in 2006 with the opening of Ishtar TV and the KDP-affiliated Chaldean Syriac Assyrian Popular Council.
Since the early 20th century several proposals have been made for the establishment of an autonomous area or a independent state for the Syriac-speaking Assyrians in northern Iraq.
Syriac Union Party in Syria is a secular Assyrian/Syriac political party in Syria that represents the interests of Syrian-Assyrians and their communities in Syria and is committed to the Dawronoye modernization ideology. Established on 1 October 2005, since the start of the Syrian Civil War it has positioned itself on the side of secular, democratic, socialist and federalist Kurdish forces in Rojava, skeptical of both the Ba'athist Syrian government of Bashar al-Assad and the Syrian National Coalition.
The Syriac Military Council is an Assyrian/Syriac military organisation in Syria, part of the Syrian Democratic Forces. The establishment of the organisation was announced on 8 January 2013. According to the Syriac Military Council, the goal of the organisation is to stand up for the national rights of and to protect Assyrians in Syria. It operates mostly in the densely populated Assyrian areas of Al-Hasakah Governorate, and is affiliated to the Syriac Union Party.
The Syriac Security Office, commonly known as the Sutoro or the Sutoro Police, is an Assyrian/Syriac Christian police force in Jazira Canton of the Autonomous Administration of North and East Syria in Syria, where it works in concert with the general Asayish police force of the canton with the mission to police ethnic Assyrian areas and neighbourhoods. Its establishment is associated with the Syriac Union Party (SUP).
The Khabour Guards is an Assyrian Syrian militia created after the collapse of Syrian government control in the Assyrian-majority Khabur valley in the northwest of al-Hasakah Governorate. The militia is composed of locals and maintains checkpoints in several Assyrian settlements, most notably Tel Tamer. Though officially neutral and nonpartisan, the Khabour Guards are de facto affiliated with the Assyrian Democratic Party along with Nattoreh, and as a part of the Syriac-Assyrian Military Council of the Syrian Democratic Forces, they are affiliated with the Syriac Union Party.
Dawronoye is a secular, leftist, nationalist movement among the Assyrian people. Ideologically characterized by progressive ideas and including socialist elements, its founding roots can be traced to the late 1980s in the town of Midyat in Turkey. The modern manifestation of the movement is controversial among Assyrian organizations worldwide, particularly due to its ties to the militant Kurdistan Workers' Party (PKK) and the Democratic Union Party (PYD). The movement is also controversial for its alleged role in human rights abuses against Assyrians in Syria, often allegedly under the orders of the previously mentioned organizations.
The Nineveh Plain Forces or NPF was a military organization that was formed on 6 January 2015 by indigenous Assyrian/Chaldean/Aramaic Christians in Iraq, in cooperation with Peshmerga, to defend against Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant. The Nineveh Plains are a region at the heart of the Assyrian homeland. The militia is affiliated with the Bet-Nahrain Democratic Party and the Beth Nahrain Patriotic Union (HBA), the latter being part of the secular Dawronoye movement. It participated in the Battle of Mosul (2016–17).
The Bethnahrain Women's Protection Forces is an all-female Assyrian military and police organization based in al-Qahtaniyah, al-Hasakah Governorate, Syria.
Beth Nahren Patriotic Union is an Assyrian political party founded in 1996, in the Slemani area of Iraq, as part of the Dawronoye movement. Since the 2003 Iraq War, the party has taken part in the country's elections, but has failed to ever win a seat. It is the Iraqi branch of Bethnahrin National Council.
